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Probing Contact Electrification: A Cohesively Sticky Problem

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 37, 44935-44947
    Applications of Polymer, Composite, and Coating Materials

    Probing Contact Electrification: A Cohesively Sticky Problem
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    • Peter C. Sherrell*
      Peter C. Sherrell
      Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Peter C. Sherrell
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4644-6238
    • Andris Sutka*
      Andris Sutka
      Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Andris Sutka
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5739-0164
    • Nick A. Shepelin
      Nick A. Shepelin
      Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
      Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
      More by Nick A. Shepelin
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-9213
    • Linards Lapcinskis
      Linards Lapcinskis
      Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
      Institute of Technical Physics, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
      More by Linards Lapcinskis
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5048-2429
    • Osvalds Verners
      Osvalds Verners
      Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
      More by Osvalds Verners
    • Liva Germane
      Liva Germane
      Institute of Technical Physics, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
      More by Liva Germane
    • Martin Timusk
      Martin Timusk
      Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Street 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
      More by Martin Timusk
    • Renzo A. Fenati
      Renzo A. Fenati
      Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
      More by Renzo A. Fenati
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-1699
    • Kaspars Malnieks
      Kaspars Malnieks
      Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
      More by Kaspars Malnieks
    • Amanda V. Ellis*
      Amanda V. Ellis
      Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Amanda V. Ellis
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-5641
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 37, 44935–44947
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c13100
    Published September 9, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Contact electrification and the triboelectric effect are complex processes for mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion, particularly for highly deformable polymers. While generating relatively low power density, contact electrification can occur at the contact–separation interface between nearly any two polymer surfaces. This ubiquitousness of surfaces enables contact electrification to be an important phenomenon to understand energy conversion and harvesting applications. The mechanism of charge generation between polymeric materials remains ambiguous, with electron transfer, material (also known as mass) transfer, and adsorbed chemical species transfer (including induced ionization of water and other molecules) all being proposed as the primary source of the measured charge. Often, all sources of charge, except electron transfer, are dismissed in the case of triboelectric energy harvesters, leading to the generation of the “triboelectric series”, governed by the ability of a polymer to lose, or accept, an electron. Here, this sole focus on electron transfer is challenged through rigorous experiments, measuring charge density in polymer–polymer (196 polymer combinations), polymer–glass (14 polymers), and polymer–liquid metal (14 polymers) systems. Through the investigation of these interfaces, clear evidence of material transfer via heterolytic bond cleavage is provided. Based on these results, a generalized model considering the cohesive energy density of polymers as the critical parameter for polymer contact electrification is discussed. This discussion clearly shows that material transfer must be accounted for when discussing the source of charge generated by polymeric mechanical energy harvesters. Thus, a correlated physical property to understand the triboelectric series is provided.

    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.1c13100.

    • MD snapshots of DDMS; selected AFM images showing surface roughness postcontact with glass (glass, EC–glass, EVA–glass, PDMS–glass, PMMA–glass, and PS–glass); FEA starting conditions for modeling; modeled tensile response and linear range approximation of PDMS samples; collated and measured polymer properties (ionization energy, CED, output charge density, and work of adhesion); and logistical regression code (PDF)

    • MD simulation of separation of Si in the perpendicular mode (MPG)

    • MD simulation of separation of O in the perpendicular mode (MPG)

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    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    This article is cited by 17 publications.

    1. Xiaoyue Zhao, Zoubeida Ounaies. Role of Mechanical Properties in the Triboelectric Behavior of Polymers for Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2024, 6 (4) , 2309-2315. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.3c01826
    2. Osvalds Verners. Water-Assisted Contact Electrification Properties of Selected Polymers and Surface Functionalization Molecules: A Computational Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2024, 128 (8) , 1975-1986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05716
    3. Osvalds Verners, Amit Das. Comparison of Contact Electrification Mechanisms of Selected Polymers and Surface-Functionalized Molecules. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2023, 127 (46) , 10035-10042. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04817
    4. Andris Šutka, Kaspars Ma̅lnieks, Artis Linarts, Peter C. Sherrell, Xiangyan Yu, Emiliano Bilotti. High-Performance Hybrid Triboelectric Generators Based on an Inversely Polarized Ultrahigh β-Phase PVDF. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2023, 6 (18) , 9300-9306. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c01196
    5. Dongwhi Choi, Younghoon Lee, Zong-Hong Lin, Sumin Cho, Miso Kim, Chi Kit Ao, Siowling Soh, Changwan Sohn, Chang Kyu Jeong, Jeongwan Lee, Minbaek Lee, Seungah Lee, Jungho Ryu, Parag Parashar, Yujang Cho, Jaewan Ahn, Il-Doo Kim, Feng Jiang, Pooi See Lee, Gaurav Khandelwal, Sang-Jae Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Hyun-Cheol Song, Minje Kim, Junghyo Nah, Wook Kim, Habtamu Gebeyehu Menge, Yong Tae Park, Wei Xu, Jianhua Hao, Hyosik Park, Ju-Hyuck Lee, Dong-Min Lee, Sang-Woo Kim, Ji Young Park, Haixia Zhang, Yunlong Zi, Ru Guo, Jia Cheng, Ze Yang, Yannan Xie, Sangmin Lee, Jihoon Chung, Il-Kwon Oh, Ji-Seok Kim, Tinghai Cheng, Qi Gao, Gang Cheng, Guangqin Gu, Minseob Shim, Jeehoon Jung, Changwoo Yun, Chi Zhang, Guoxu Liu, Yufeng Chen, Suhan Kim, Xiangyu Chen, Jun Hu, Xiong Pu, Zi Hao Guo, Xudong Wang, Jun Chen, Xiao Xiao, Xing Xie, Mourin Jarin, Hulin Zhang, Ying-Chih Lai, Tianyiyi He, Hakjeong Kim, Inkyu Park, Junseong Ahn, Nghia Dinh Huynh, Ya Yang, Zhong Lin Wang, Jeong Min Baik, Dukhyun Choi. Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications. ACS Nano 2023, 17 (12) , 11087-11219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c12458
    6. Sunay Dilara Ekim, Görkem Eylül Kaya, Murat Daştemir, Erol Yildirim, H. Tarik Baytekin, Bilge Baytekin. Organic Charge Transfer Cocrystals as Additives for Dissipation of Contact Charges on Polymers. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2022, 14 (50) , 56018-56026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c13643
    7. K. Paige Williams, Noah Hann-Deschaine, Div Chamria, Hans T. Benze, Ramesh Y. Adhikari. Facile fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators based on paper and natural rubber as low-cost bio-derived materials. Discover Materials 2023, 3 (1) https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-023-00036-8
    8. Līva Ģērmane, Linards Lapčinskis, Mairis Iesalnieks, Andris Šutka. Surface engineering of PDMS for improved triboelectrification. Materials Advances 2023, 4 (3) , 875-880. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MA01015A
    9. Artis Linarts, Peter C. Sherrell, Kaspars Mālnieks, Amanda V. Ellis, Andris Šutka. Electrospinning Triboelectric Laminates: A Pathway for Scaling Energy Harvesters. Small 2023, , 2205563. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202205563
    10. Andris Šutka, Fa-Kuen Shieh, Martynas Kinka, Linards Lapčinskis, Chien-Chun Chang, Phuc Khanh Lam, Kaspars Pudzs, Osvalds Verners. Triboelectric behaviour of selected MOFs in contact with metals. RSC Advances 2022, 13 (1) , 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA06150C
    11. Xin Xia, Haoyu Wang, Yunlong Zi. Field‐assisted thermionic emission toward quantitative modeling of charge‐transfer mechanisms in contact electrification. SmartMat 2022, 3 (4) , 619-631. https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1093
    12. Osvalds Verners, Linards Lapčinskis, Līva Ģermane, Aarne Kasikov, Martin Timusk, Kaspars Pudzs, Amanda V. Ellis, Peter C. Sherrell, Andris Šutka. Smooth polymers charge negatively: Controlling contact electrification polarity in polymers. Nano Energy 2022, 104 , 107914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107914
    13. Shiquan Lin, Laipan Zhu, Zhen Tang, Zhong Lin Wang. Spin-selected electron transfer in liquid–solid contact electrification. Nature Communications 2022, 13 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32984-9
    14. Andris Šutka, Linards Lapčinskis, Osvalds Verners, Līva Ģērmane, Krisjanis Smits, Arturs Pludons, Sergejs Gaidukovs, Ilze Jerāne, Martins Zubkins, Kaspars Pudzs, Peter Cameron Sherrell, Juris Blums. Bio‐Inspired Macromolecular Ordering of Elastomers for Enhanced Contact Electrification and Triboelectric Energy Harvesting. Advanced Materials Technologies 2022, 7 (10) , 2200162. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200162
    15. Chi Kit Ao, Yan Jiang, Linwan Zhang, Chuanyu Yan, Junhao Ma, Changhui Liu, Yuting Jiang, Wanyu Zhang, Siowling Soh. Balancing charge dissipation and generation: mechanisms and strategies for achieving steady-state charge of contact electrification at interfaces of matter. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2022, 10 (37) , 19572-19605. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA03232E
    16. Alexander Corletto, Amanda V. Ellis, Nick A. Shepelin, Marco Fronzi, David A. Winkler, Joseph G. Shapter, Peter C. Sherrell. Energy Interplay in Materials: Unlocking Next‐Generation Synchronous Multisource Energy Conversion with Layered 2D Crystals. Advanced Materials 2022, 34 (36) , 2203849. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202203849
    17. Xiaoyue Zhao, Zoubeida Ounaies, , , . Tuning the triboelectric polarity of PDMS film through thermal treatment. 2022, 5. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612702
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 37, 44935–44947
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c13100
    Published September 9, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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