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Graphene Field Effect Transistors: A Sensitive Platform for Detecting Sarin
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    Surfaces, Interfaces, and Applications

    Graphene Field Effect Transistors: A Sensitive Platform for Detecting Sarin
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    • Natalia Alzate-Carvajal
      Natalia Alzate-Carvajal
      Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A7, Canada
    • Jaewoo Park
      Jaewoo Park
      Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A7, Canada
      More by Jaewoo Park
    • Martin Pykal
      Martin Pykal
      Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
      More by Martin Pykal
    • Petr Lazar
      Petr Lazar
      Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
      More by Petr Lazar
    • Ranjana Rautela
      Ranjana Rautela
      Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A7, Canada
    • Samantha Scarfe
      Samantha Scarfe
      Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A7, Canada
    • Lukas Scarfe
      Lukas Scarfe
      Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A7, Canada
      More by Lukas Scarfe
    • Jean-Michel Ménard
      Jean-Michel Ménard
      Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A7, Canada
    • Michal Otyepka
      Michal Otyepka
      Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
      Czech Republic & IT4Innovations, VSB − Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
    • Adina Luican-Mayer*
      Adina Luican-Mayer
      Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A7, Canada
      *(A.L.-M.) Email: [email protected]
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 51, 61751–61757
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c17770
    Published December 15, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Real time, rapid, and accurate detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA) is an ongoing security challenge. Typical detection methods for CWA are adapted from traditional chemistry techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry, which lack portability. Here, we address this challenge by evaluating graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) as a sensing platform for sarin gas using both experiment and theory. Experimentally, we measure the sensing response of GFETs when exposed to dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a less toxic compound used as simulant due to its chemical similarities to sarin. We find low detection limits of 800 ppb, the highest sensitivity reported up to date for this type of sensing platform. In addition to changes in resistance, we implement an in-operando monitor of the GFETs characteristics during and after exposure to the analyte, which gives insights into the graphene–DMMP interactions. Moreover, using theoretical calculations, we show that DMMP and sarin interact similarly with graphene, implying that GFETs should be highly sensitive to detecting sarin. GFETs offer a versatile platform for the development of compact and miniaturized devices that can provide real-time detection of dangerous chemicals in the local environment.

    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.1c17770.

    • Additional details of response time and deployment in the field, singlet-to-noise, and charge transfer estimate (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 12 publications.

    1. Sujithkumar Ganesh Moorthy, Jacob Arvidson, Rita Meunier-Prest, Hong Wang, Marcel Bouvet. π-Extended Porphyrin–Phthalocyanine Heterojunction Devices Exhibiting High Ammonia Sensitivity with a Remarkable Light Effect. ACS Sensors 2024, 9 (2) , 883-894. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.3c02247
    2. Natalia Alzate-Carvajal, Jaewoo Park, Ilhem Bargaoui, Ranjana Rautela, Zachary J. Comeau, Lukas Scarfe, Jean-Michel Ménard, Seth B. Darling, Benoît H. Lessard, Adina Luican-Mayer. Arrays of Functionalized Graphene Chemiresistors for Selective Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2023, 5 (3) , 1514-1520. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.2c01544
    3. Sonia Freddi, Daniele Perilli, Luca Vaghi, Mauro Monti, Antonio Papagni, Cristiana Di Valentin, Luigi Sangaletti. Pushing Down the Limit of NH3 Detection of Graphene-Based Chemiresistive Sensors through Functionalization by Thermally Activated Tetrazoles Dimerization. ACS Nano 2022, 16 (7) , 10456-10469. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c01095
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    5. Guijun Liu, Pan Liu, Yuzhe Liang, Yue Xiao, Zhijie Zhou, Yingjie Li, Liping Ding, Haonan Peng, Yu Fang. Porphyrin complex-based reversible fluorescent film sensor for differentiating and detecting sarin mimics vapor. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2024, 702 , 135025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.135025
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    9. James Disley, Guzmán Gil-Ramírez, Jose Gonzalez-Rodriguez. A review of sensing technologies for nerve agents, through the use of agent mimics in the gas phase: Future needs. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2023, 168 , 117282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117282
    10. Xingqi Liu, Hongpeng Zhang, Zhiping Huang, Zhenxing Cheng, Tie Li. Highly sensitive detection of sarin simulant by a functional SiNW array. Chemical Papers 2023, 77 (9) , 5431-5440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02875-4
    11. Bin Luo, Jianan Weng, Zhi Geng, Qichao Pan, Xilin Pei, Yong He, Chuanzhi Chen, Hongxing Zhang, Renbo Wei, Yupeng Yuan, Jin Yang, Jinyi Ma, Zhengwei You, Bo Zhu. Solution-processed wafer-scale nanoassembly of conducting polymers enables selective ultratrace nerve agent detection at low power. Nano Research 2023, 16 (4) , 5653-5664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5148-y
    12. Jaewoo Park, Franklyn Jumu, Justin Power, Maxime Richard, Yomna Elsahli, Mohamad Ali Jarkas, Andy Ruan, Adina Luican-Mayer, Jean-Michel Ménard. Drone-Mountable Gas Sensing Platform Using Graphene Chemiresistors for Remote In-Field Monitoring. Sensors 2022, 22 (6) , 2383. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062383

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 51, 61751–61757
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c17770
    Published December 15, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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