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Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Detection with a Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensing Platform
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    Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Detection with a Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensing Platform
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    • Wenting Shao
      Wenting Shao
      Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
      More by Wenting Shao
    • Galina V. Shurin
      Galina V. Shurin
      Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
    • Xiaoyun He
      Xiaoyun He
      Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
      More by Xiaoyun He
    • Zidao Zeng
      Zidao Zeng
      Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
      More by Zidao Zeng
    • Michael R. Shurin
      Michael R. Shurin
      Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
    • Alexander Star*
      Alexander Star
      Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
      Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
      *Email: [email protected]
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 1, 1684–1691
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c19120
    Published December 21, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage may lead to life-threatening complications if not detected promptly. However, gel electrophoresis, the gold-standard test for confirming CSF leakage by detecting beta2-transferrin (β2-Tf), requires 3–6 h and is labor-intensive. We developed a new β2-Tf detection platform for rapid identification of CSF leakage. The three-step design, which includes two steps of affinity chromatography and a rapid sensing step using a semiconductor-enriched single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (FET) sensor, circumvented the lack of selectivity that antitransferrin antibody exhibits for transferrin isoforms and markedly shortened the detection time. Furthermore, three different sensing configurations for the FET sensor were investigated for obtaining the optimal β2-Tf sensing results. Finally, body fluid (CSF and serum) tests employing our three-step strategy demonstrated high sensitivity, suggesting its potential to be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for CSF leakage.

    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.1c19120.

    • ELISA results, XPS, Raman, SEM, AFM, and fluorescence microscopy characterization of the functionalized sc-SWCNT devices, EIS study of the gold-disk electrode, and western blot of serum and CSF samples (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 11 publications.

    1. Zhicheng Zhang, Haiyang Li, Ning Zhou, Zhi Zheng, Tianyou Zhai, Fan Xia, Xiaoding Lou. Protein Detection Based on Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Diagnosing Diseases. Analytical Chemistry 2025, 97 (4) , 1951-1959. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04178
    2. Jieyu Wang, Wenting Shao, Zhengru Liu, Ganesh Kesavan, Zidao Zeng, Michael R. Shurin, Alexander Star. Diagnostics of Tuberculosis with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Sensors 2024, 9 (4) , 1957-1966. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.3c02694
    3. Wenting Shao, Zidao Zeng, Alexander Star. An Ultrasensitive Norfentanyl Sensor Based on a Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor for the Detection of Fentanyl Exposure. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2023, 15 (31) , 37784-37793. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c05958
    4. Li Zhang. Complementary Technologies for CSF Biomarker Analysis. 2024https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004355
    5. Wenting Shao, Dan C. Sorescu, Zhengru Liu, Alexander Star. Machine Learning Discrimination and Ultrasensitive Detection of Fentanyl Using Gold Nanoparticle‐Decorated Carbon Nanotube‐Based Field‐Effect Transistor Sensors. Small 2024, 20 (35) https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202311835
    6. Jacob G. Eide, William Mason, Amrita Ray, John Carey, Bernard Cook, John R. Craig. Systematic review of errors on beta‐2 transferrin gel electrophoresis testing of rhinorrhea and otorrhea. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2024, 14 (6) , 1016-1025. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23293
    7. Sina J. Torabi, Arash Abiri, Xinlei Chen, Mehmet Senel, Frank P. K. Hsu, Andrej Lupták, Michelle Khine, Edward C. Kuan. Multimodal diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: State of the art review and emerging concepts. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 2024, 9 (3) https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.1272
    8. Yan Zhang, Junfeng Guo, Zhaoxiang Tang, Chuyue Tang, Yiang Li, Xu Tao, Binghua Zhou, Wan Chen, Lin Guo, Kanglai Tang, Taotao Liang. Recent developments and trends of biosensors based on carbon nanotubes for biomedical diagnosis applications: A review. Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X 2024, 17 , 100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100424
    9. Bajramshahe Shkodra, Mattia Petrelli, Kyung-Ae Yang, Anna Tagliaferri, Paolo Lugli, Luisa Petti, Nako Nakatsuka. Polymeric integration of structure-switching aptamers on transistors for histamine sensing. Faraday Discussions 2024, 250 , 43-59. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FD00123G
    10. Abdullah Abdulhameed, Mohd Mahadi Halim, Izhal Abdul Halin. Dielectrophoretic alignment of carbon nanotubes: theory, applications, and future. Nanotechnology 2023, 34 (24) , 242001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/acc46c
    11. Philip R Cohen, Stephen M Dorros. Lumbar Stenosis Spinal Surgery-Associated Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Without Headache: An Autobiographical Case Report. Cureus 2022, 372 https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25253

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 1, 1684–1691
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c19120
    Published December 21, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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