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Coexistence of Contact Electrification and Dynamic p–n Junction Modulation Effects in Triboelectrification

  • Haobin Wang
    Haobin Wang
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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  • Shuyi Huang
    Shuyi Huang
    Shanghai Precision Metrology & Test Research Institute, 3888 Yuanjiang Road, Shanghai 201109, China
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  • Haoze Kuang
    Haoze Kuang
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
    More by Haoze Kuang
  • Taoyu Zou
    Taoyu Zou
    School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
    More by Taoyu Zou
  • Pandey Rajagopalan
    Pandey Rajagopalan
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
  • Xiaozhi Wang*
    Xiaozhi Wang
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
    *Email: [email protected]
    More by Xiaozhi Wang
  • Yubo Li
    Yubo Li
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
    More by Yubo Li
  • Hao Jin
    Hao Jin
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
    More by Hao Jin
  • Shurong Dong
    Shurong Dong
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
    More by Shurong Dong
  • Hang Zhou
    Hang Zhou
    School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
    More by Hang Zhou
  • Tawfique Hasan
    Tawfique Hasan
    Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
  • Luigi G. Occhipinti
    Luigi G. Occhipinti
    Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
  • Jong Min Kim
    Jong Min Kim
    Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
    More by Jong Min Kim
  • , and 
  • Jikui Luo*
    Jikui Luo
    Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
    *Email: [email protected]
    More by Jikui Luo
Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 26, 30410–30419
Publication Date (Web):June 26, 2022
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c06374
Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    The triboelectric effect occurs when two dissimilar materials are in physical contact, attributed to the combination of contact electrification (CE) and electrostatic induction. It has been extensively explored for the development of high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this paper, we report on, besides the CE-related charge generation, an additional charge generation phenomenon associated with the modulation of the p–n junction when two semiconductor materials [methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)] are put in contact and separated dynamically. The electrical outputs generated by the CE effect are determined by the surface potential difference between the two friction materials, while the ones induced by the p–n junction modulation are determined by the dynamic variations in the depletion widths of the two semiconductor friction materials. The outputs generated by the CE effect and the p–n junction effect are well separated in time scale; the p–n junction modulation contributes ∼20% of the total charge generated and could be varied by changing the chemical composition of the semiconductors. The results may provide an alternative method for the development of high-performance TENGs by utilizing this additional p–n junction modulation effect.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c06374.

    • Output characteristics of polymer–polymer triboelectrification; typical voltage output of CP–TENG; summaries of time intervals between pulse #3 and pulse #4 as a function of contact force; charge-transfer process induced by the p–n junction effect; charge-transfer process induced by the CE effect; typical ISC outputs of CP–TENGs with different γ; optical images of MAPI films with different γ on FTO/glass substrates; AFM images of MAPI films with different γ; VCPD mapping results of PEDOS:PSS and MAPI films with different γ; and summaries of peak values of ISC and total QT of CP–TENGs as functions of ΔVCPD (PDF)

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    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

    Cited By

    This article is cited by 1 publications.

    1. Zhong yuan You, Xin Wang, Fuqi Lu, Shuting Wang, Bingxi Hu, Lian Li, Weihai Fang, Ying Liu. An organic semiconductor/metal Schottky heterojunction based direct current triboelectric nanogenerator windmill for wind energy harvesting. Nano Energy 2023, 109 , 108302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108302

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