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    Ionic Liquid Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Broadened Bandwidth
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    • Yizhou Zhong
      Yizhou Zhong
      Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      Computational Bioscience Research Center, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
      More by Yizhou Zhong
    • Prem D. Nayak
      Prem D. Nayak
      Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      Computational Bioscience Research Center, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
      More by Prem D. Nayak
    • Shofarul Wustoni
      Shofarul Wustoni
      Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      Computational Bioscience Research Center, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
      More by Shofarul Wustoni
    • Jokubas Surgailis
      Jokubas Surgailis
      Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      Computational Bioscience Research Center, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
      More by Jokubas Surgailis
    • Jessica Z. Parrado Agudelo
      Jessica Z. Parrado Agudelo
      Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      Computational Bioscience Research Center, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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    • Adam Marks
      Adam Marks
      Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TF, United Kingdom
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    • Iain McCulloch
      Iain McCulloch
      Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TF, United Kingdom
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6340-7217
    • Sahika Inal*
      Sahika Inal
      Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      Computational Bioscience Research Center, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Sahika Inal
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-1512
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 45, 61457–61466
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c11214
    Published November 24, 2023
    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a biosignal transducer known for its high amplification but relatively slow operation. Here, we demonstrate that the use of an ionic liquid as the dielectric medium significantly improves the switching speed of a p-type enhancement-mode OECT, regardless of the gate electrode used. The OECT response time with the ionic liquid improves up to ca. 41-fold and 46-fold for the silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) and gold (Au) gates, respectively, compared with devices gated with the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Notably, the transistor gain remains uncompromised, and its maximum is reached at lower voltages compared to those of PBS-gated devices with Ag/AgCl as the gate electrode. Through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and etching X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations, we reveal that the enhanced bandwidth is associated with the prediffused ionic liquid inside the polymer, leading to a higher doping level compared to PBS. Using the ionic liquid-gated OECTs, we successfully detect electrocardiography (ECG) signals, which exhibit a complete waveform with well-distinguished features and a stable signal baseline. By integrating nonaqueous electrolytes that enhance the device bandwidth, we unlock the potential of enhancement-mode OECTs for physiological signal acquisition and other real-time biosignal monitoring applications.

    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.3c11214.

    • Output characteristics of Au gated p(g3C2T2-T) OECTs; CV and EIS measurements of p(g3C2T2-T) film; the electrochemical potential changes at the Au-gated OECT contacts; the discussion of the effective gate voltage determination; ON/OFF ratio calculations; the p(g3C2T2-T) channel current–time profile and the bandwidth; the discussion of OECT response time estimation; the impact of the preimmersion of the p(g3C2T2-T) film in the IL on response time; the C 1s and S 2p XPS spectra of p(g3C2T2-T) film; the characteristics of the p(g3C2T2-T) OECT with IL gel as the electrolyte; the ID versus time profile at different operating voltages; the OECT τ and its enhancement distribution with respect to operating voltages; the estimation of channel conductance and transconductance; the OECT (trans)conductance distribution with respect to operating voltages; the raw ECG signals monitored with p(g3C2T2-T) OECTs gated in PBS or IL (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 11 publications.

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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 45, 61457–61466
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c11214
    Published November 24, 2023
    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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