Harnessing Small-Molecule Analyte Detection in Complex Media: Combining Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Electrolytic Transistors, and Machine LearningClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Gabrielle Coelho LelisGabrielle Coelho LelisBrazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, BrazilMore by Gabrielle Coelho Lelis
- Wilson Tiago FonsecaWilson Tiago FonsecaBrazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, BrazilMore by Wilson Tiago Fonseca
- Alessandro Henrique de LimaAlessandro Henrique de LimaBrazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, BrazilMore by Alessandro Henrique de Lima
- Anderson Kenji OkazakiAnderson Kenji OkazakiBrazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, BrazilMore by Anderson Kenji Okazaki
- Eduardo Costa FigueiredoEduardo Costa FigueiredoFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG 37130-001, BrazilMore by Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
- Antonio Riul JrAntonio Riul JrUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Campinas, SP 13083-859, BrazilMore by Antonio Riul Jr
- Gabriel Ravanhani SchlederGabriel Ravanhani SchlederBrazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, BrazilJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United StatesMore by Gabriel Ravanhani Schleder
- Paolo SamorìPaolo SamorìUniversité de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, FranceMore by Paolo Samorì
- Rafael Furlan de Oliveira*Rafael Furlan de Oliveira*[email protected]Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Campinas, SP 13083-859, BrazilMore by Rafael Furlan de Oliveira
Abstract
Small-molecule analyte detection is key for improving quality of life, particularly in health monitoring through the early detection of diseases. However, detecting specific markers in complex multicomponent media using devices compatible with point-of-care (PoC) technologies is still a major challenge. Here, we introduce a novel approach that combines molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) based on 2D materials, and machine learning (ML) to detect hippuric acid (HA) in artificial urine, being a critical marker for toluene intoxication, parasitic infections, and kidney and bowel inflammation. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used as the sensory material and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as supramolecular receptors. Employing supervised ML techniques based on symbolic regression and compressive sensing enabled us to comprehensively analyze the EGT transfer curves, eliminating the need for arbitrary signal selection and allowing a multivariate analysis during HA detection. The resulting device displayed simultaneously low operating voltages (<0.5 V), rapid response times (≤10 s), operation across a wide range of HA concentrations (from 0.05 to 200 nmol L–1), and a low limit of detection (LoD) of 39 pmol L–1. Thanks to the ML multivariate analysis, we achieved a 2.5-fold increase in the device sensitivity (1.007 μA/nmol L–1) with respect to the human data analysis (0.388 μA/nmol L–1). Our method represents a major advance in PoC technologies, by enabling the accurate determination of small-molecule markers in complex media via the combination of ML analysis, supramolecular analyte recognition, and electrolytic transistors.
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This article is cited by 3 publications.
- Guilherme Segolin Selmi, Eduardo Rodrigues Lourenço Neto, Gabrielle Coelho Lelis, Anderson Kenji Okazaki, Antonio Riul, Maria Luisa Braunger, Rafael Furlan de Oliveira. Pulse Dynamics in Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors: Charge Memory Effects and Mechanisms Governing the Ion‐To‐Electron Transduction. Advanced Electronic Materials 2024, https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202400791
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