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Laser-Synthesized Ru-Anchored Few-Layer Black Phosphorus for Superior Hydrogen Evolution: Role of Acoustic Levitation

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 9, 11561-11574
    Energy, Environmental, and Catalysis Applications

    Laser-Synthesized Ru-Anchored Few-Layer Black Phosphorus for Superior Hydrogen Evolution: Role of Acoustic Levitation
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    • Juhyeon Park
      Juhyeon Park
      Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR), Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
      More by Juhyeon Park
    • Jayaraman Theerthagiri
      Jayaraman Theerthagiri
      Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR), Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
      More by Jayaraman Theerthagiri
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5746-5541
    • Ahreum Min
      Ahreum Min
      Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry & Nanomaterials, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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    • Cheol Joo Moon
      Cheol Joo Moon
      Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry & Nanomaterials, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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    • Myong Yong Choi*
      Myong Yong Choi
      Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR), Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
      Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry & Nanomaterials, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
      *Email: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-5418
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 9, 11561–11574
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c18427
    Published February 22, 2024
    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Electrochemical water splitting, driven by processed catalysts, is the most reasonable method for hydrogen production. This study demonstrates an activation phenomenon with ruthenium (Ru) nanoclusters on few-layered black phosphorus (BP), greatly enhancing the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Efficient BP exfoliation was achieved using acoustic levitators and pulsed laser irradiation in liquids (PLIL), yielding charge-transfer Ru-nanoclusters on modulated surfaces. Various PLIL parameters were examined for the optimal BP sheet size. After ruthenization, Ru’s d-band center facilitated hydrogen adsorption via Ru–H bonding. Synergy between BP’s charge-carrier properties and Ru’s active sites boosted HER kinetics with an ultralow overpotential of 84 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in KOH. Additionally, the RuO2 || RuBP-2 electrolyzer demonstrated remarkable overall water splitting performance at ∼1.60 V at 10 mA/cm2. These results highlight the pivotal role of metal nanoclusters on exfoliated BP surfaces and offer a refined strategy for high-density electrocatalysts in energy conversion.

    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.3c18427.

    • The detailed chemical and characterization information; experimental arrangement pictorial representation; FTIR; acoustic levitator proceeded PLIL process real setup; FESEM and EDS; average particle size distribution; core-level XPS spectra; full CV curves for active sites; TOF and Mass activity; CV curves in the nonFaradaic region; scan rate vs ΔJ/2 plots; Nyquist plot at various potential; FESEM-EDS elemental mapping before and after stability; GC spectra for H2 measurement; real image of fabricated RuO2 ∥ RuBP-2 membrane-less electrolyzer; comparison of RuBP-2 HER efficiency table (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 4 publications.

    1. Bowen Zhang, Wujia Chen, Kezheng Tao, Zhaojian Sun, Qiang Li, Qingfeng Yan. Assessing the Structural Diversity of Form II Red Phosphorus via Stepwise Crystal Structure Search. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2024, 146 (38) , 26369-26378. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c09250
    2. Juhyeon Park, Binaya Kumar Sahu, Cheol Joo Moon, Jayaraman Theerthagiri, Ahreum Min, Soohan Yun, Myong Yong Choi. Probing Hydrogen Evolution on Pulsed Laser-Crafted Pt-Infused Oxygen-Deficient Black TiO2 in Real-Time Using Raman Spectroscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2024, 128 (36) , 14897-14906. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c04174
    3. Cheol Joo Moon, Velusamy Maheskumar, Ahreum Min, Anuj Kumar, Seongbo Lee, Raja Arumugam Senthil, Mohd Ubaidullah, Myong Yong Choi. Laser‐Regulated Iridium‐Diffused Nitrogen–Carbon Sites for Enhanced Hydrazine‐Assisted Alkaline Seawater Splitting and Zinc–Hydrazine Batteries. Small 2025, 21 (8) https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408569
    4. Pengfei Zhang, Manyuan Gan, Yanhui Song, Peizhi Liu, Haojie Liang, Yongqing Shen, Bingshe Xu, Ting Liao, Junjie Guo, Ziqi Sun. Bifunctional Pt dual atoms for overall water splitting. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 2024, 355 , 124214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124214
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 9, 11561–11574
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c18427
    Published February 22, 2024
    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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