Research Article

On the P2-NaxCo1–y(Mn2/3Ni1/3)yO2 Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Electrochemical Performance, and Redox Processes Occurring during the Electrochemical Cycling

LCME, FST Marrakesh, University Cadi Ayyad (UCA), Av Abdelkrim Khattabi, P.O. Box 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Sources and §Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, 721 21 Uppsala, Sweden
Materials Science and Nano-Engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660-Hay My Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10 (1), pp 488–501
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13472
Publication Date (Web): November 3, 2017
Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society
*E-mail: amine@anl.gov.

Abstract

Abstract Image

P2-type NaMO2 sodiated layered oxides with mixed transition metals are receiving considerable attention for use as cathodes in sodium-ion batteries. A study on solid solution (1 – y)P2-NaxCoO2–(y)P2-NaxMn2/3Ni1/3O2 (y = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1) reveals that changing the composition of the transition metals affects the resulting structure and the stability of pure P2 phases at various temperatures of calcination. For 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0, the P2-NaxCo(1–y)Mn2y/3Niy/3O2 solid-solution compounds deliver good electrochemical performance when cycled between 2.0 and 4.2 V versus Na+/Na with improved capacity stability in long-term cycling, especially for electrode materials with lower Co content (y = 1/2 and 2/3), despite lower discharge capacities being observed. The (1/2)P2-NaxCoO2–(1/2)P2-NaxMn2/3Ni1/3O2 composition delivers a discharge capacity of 101.04 mAh g–1 with a capacity loss of only 3% after 100 cycles and a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.2%. Cycling this material to a higher cutoff voltage of 4.5 V versus Na+/Na increases the specific discharge capacity to ≈140 mAh g–1 due to the appearance of a well-defined high-voltage plateau, but after only 20 cycles, capacity retention declines to 88% and Coulombic efficiency drops to around 97%. In situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements conducted on composition NaxCo1/2Mn1/3Ni1/6O2 (y = 1/2) in the two potential windows studied help elucidate the operating potential of each transition metal redox couple. It also reveals that at the high-voltage plateau, all of the transition metals are stable, raising the suspicion of possible contribution of oxygen ions in the high-voltage plateau.

The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13472.

  • XRD patterns for NaxCo(1–y)Mn2y/3Niy/3O2 heat-treated at 700 and 950 °C, volume cell of P2-NaxCo(1–y)Mn2y/3Niy/3O2 as a function of the composition (y), SEM images of NaxCo(1–y)Mn2y/3Niy/3O2, XANES spectra at Mn K edge for Mn2O3 and MnO2, and XANES spectra (PDF)

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Article Views: 646 Times
Received 5 September 2017
Date accepted 3 November 2017
Published online 3 November 2017
Published in print 10 January 2018
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