ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
Quick View

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications
CONTENT TYPES

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 18, 15524-15531
RETURN TO ISSUEPREVResearch ArticleNEXT

Polymer–Magnetic Composite Fibers for Remote-Controlled Drug Release

Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 18, 15524–15531
Publication Date (Web):April 12, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b04774

Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY.

  • Open Access

Article Views

4564

Altmetric

-

Citations

58
LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS
PDF (3 MB)
Get e-Alerts
Supporting Info (4)»
SUBJECTS:

Abstract

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

An efficient method is reported, for the fabrication of composite microfibers that can be magnetically actuated and are biocompatible, targeting controlled drug release. Aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol, incorporated with citric acid-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), are subject to infusion gyration to generate 100–300 nm diameter composite fibers, with controllable MNP loading. The fibers are stable in polar solvents, such as ethanol, and do not show any leaching of MNPs for over 4 weeks. Using acetaminophen as an example, we demonstrate that this material is effective in immobilization and triggered release of drugs, which is achieved by a moving external magnetic field. The remote actuation ability, coupled with biocompatibility and lightweight property, renders enormous potential for these fibers to be used as a smart drug release agent.

KEYWORDS:

1. Introduction

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
Magnetically triggered release of active pharmaceutical ingredients is a rapidly growing area of research with applications targeted toward efficient, minimally invasive pathways of drug delivery. (1−4) Such studies usually involve the use of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which are either functionalized as drug-carriers (5,6) or incorporated with polymers to produce composites in the form of membranes, (7) liposomes, (8−10) protein microspheres, (3) gels, (11) etc. These materials have become highly significant in the advancement of diagnosis and treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to leading toward breakthroughs in regenerative medicine. (12−16) The magnetic component is typically activated via hyperthermia or chemical signals to trigger the release of the drug. (17,18) Actuation of the drug-carrying platform by an external magnetic field (i.e., magnetic actuation), however, remains scarcely explored but has enormous potential in biomedicine. (19,20) Such systems can potentially lead to remote-controlled, precise, and safer pathways of drug delivery and also pave the way for advances in the rapidly evolving field of microrobotics and for applications in medicine. (20−22)
Recent reports indicate that in vitro drug release, in particular, can be improved using conventional carrier systems such as mesoporous silica, in combination with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for triggered cargo release. (23−25) Such systems have great potential for the treatment of cancer and other related diseases. (26) These systems, however, need physical (e.g., thermal or light) or chemical (e.g., pH or redox changes) stimuli or enzymatic catalysis to initiate the release action, which require either invasive procedures or are limited in efficiency and controllability. In contrast, systems containing MNPs give rapid responses, with greater noninvasiveness, and can be easily controlled by external magnetic fields. MNPs also have the advantage of being easily integrated with organic components such as polymers to create composite materials with novel and improved capabilities. (12)
Polymer-based nanofibers have been investigated for a myriad of biomedical applications, including scaffolds for tissue engineering, materials for wound dressing, and vehicles for drug delivery. (27) Nanoscale fibers are of particular interest in biomedicine, as their morphology resembles biological tissue. They also have high surface area and surface energy and can be organized into porous hierarchical structures, which are highly desirable properties for cell and tissue adhesion as well as the adsorption of drug molecules. The physical structure of the fibers can be readily customized to adapt to different applications. In such instances, synthesis is mostly achieved via electrospinning. (28−30) This technique has been explored extensively to achieve hollow core–shell microparticle-encapsulated fibers. (31) Furthermore, materials used for fiber formation have been developed to facilitate the incorporation of fibers with biodegradable (32,33) and antibiotic properties (34) and even those that include living tissue. (35−37) Extensive progress has also been made in the scale-up of such materials targeting industrial applications. (38)
Despite the wealth of research conducted, such nanofibers have not yet, however, made it to the clinical trial stage of biomedical applications. This can be attributed to multiple factors, from mass production to long-term stability of the fibers in vivo. For example, electrospinning, which is the main synthesis method of fiber formation, poses many challenges to their sustained usage in medical applications. The lack of control over fiber diameter and pore sizes, as well as the random nonwoven nature of the fibers produced, causes difficulty in cell penetration, which is a key factor in sustained use of scaffolds for tissue engineering. (39,40) Although electrospinning is effective in producing microscale fibers, smaller diameters are difficult to obtain. (41) Attempts at customizing fiber morphology via this technique are complicated and lead to lower yields. (42) Moreover, electrospun fibers have inherently weaker mechanical strength than cast fibers, and the solvents and cross-linking agents involved in the process often lead to toxicity and noncompatibility in biological systems. (43)
Alternative spinning techniques have been developed to counteract some of the drawbacks of electrospinning. (44) These, however, are not without flaws themselves. Biospinning, for example, is a technique suitable for producing fibers with greater mechanical strength, such as scaffolds for tendons or bones. (45) Nevertheless, this method is hampered by high cost, difficulty in scale-up, longer production times, and lack of customizability. Melt spinning can create fibers by extruding a heated polymer through a spinneret with textural control for cell applications. (46,47) Yet, high energy costs, expensive equipment, and difficulty in producing cell-incorporating fibers are considerable impediments. The latter issue can be solved via an interfacial complexation process, to encapsulate cells, which is also cheaper; (48) despite this, limitations in scale-up and material and dimension control are significant disadvantages. Overall, a technique to produce such biocompatible fibers in a facile, fast, and cost-effective manner, with controllable sizes and the potential for scale-up, is highly desirable. If the above is also coupled with the ability of remote actuation, it can lead to significant advancements in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
The goal of this study is to demonstrate a magnetically actuated drug delivery system, based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–MNP fibers, generated via infusion gyration. The fibers are made of biocompatible components in order to target biomedical applications, specifically drug release. The ability of these fibers to be actuated via an external magnetic field is demonstrated, along with extensive characterization of their physicochemical properties. The release of controlled quantities of acetaminophen, via magnetic actuation of this material, is explored. Furthermore, the advantages and potential scope of application, beyond drug delivery, are discussed.

2. Experimental Section

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
All reagents and chemicals were used as received, without further modification.

2.1. Preparation of PVA and PVA–MNP Solutions

Three types of PVA polymer powder (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK), with different molecular weights, were taken in the following weight ratios to obtain three viscous solutions (Table 1): (1) PVA (363 170, 87–89% hydrolyzed), (2) PVA (363 138, 98–99% hydrolyzed), (3) PVA (363 065, 99+% hydrolyzed). The three solutions were made by mixing in the relevant weight of each type of PVA powder with distilled water and heating under magnetic stirring at 90 °C, for 5 h, to achieve homogeneous mixtures.
Table 1. Molecular Weights and Weight Ratios of PVA Polymers Used for Pure PVA and PVA–MNP Fiber Fabrication
PVA typemolecular weightweight %
113 000–23 00022
231 000–50 00010
3146 000–186 0007
Next, the three solutions were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, to make a total of 30 mL and magnetically stirred at ambient temperature (23 °C) for 24 h. This mixture was stored in sealed glass vials until use. All fiber samples used in this study consisted of the above mixture. Subsequently, this solution was mixed with 5% (w/w) Fe3O4 magnetic nanopowder (∼20 nm), coated with citric acid (see section 2.2 below), and vigorously vortexed for 5 min to obtain PVA–MNP solutions. Both the pure PVA and PVA–MNP solutions were then spun into fibers, according to the procedures described in section 2.3.

2.2. Citric Acid Coating of MNPs

MNPs were subject to acid coating prior to mixing with PVA, in order to ensure effective dispersion in the aqueous polymer solution. Citric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, ACS grade >99.8%) was dissolved in deionized water in a ratio of 0.5 mg/mL, at 90 °C for 1 h, under magnetic stirring. Then, the stirrer was removed, and a relevant weight of Fe3O4 MNPs (US Research Nanomaterials, Inc., 20 nm) was added to the solution and mixed for another 1 h. Afterward, the acid-coated MNPs were precipitated by placing a magnet under the bottom of the vessel, and the solution was decanted. The collected MNPs were then washed twice, with 100 mL of deionized water, and dried at 80 °C in an oven, for 3 h or until a constant weight was obtained.

2.3. Fabrication of Fibers

The fibers were fabricated using a previously reported (49) in-house built experimental setup, using the principle of infusion gyration (Figure 1; also see Supporting Information Video S1). The device consists of a hollow aluminum rotary vessel, 25 mm in height and 60 mm in diameter, and contains 20 small round orifices. Each orifice is of 0.5 mm in diameter and lies along the central circumference of the cylindrical vessel. The vessel is connected to and powered by a dc motor and a speed controller, which can provide variable speeds of rotation. The rotational speed was fixed at 36 000 rpm for this study. The top of the vessel contains a removable cap, with a rotary joint connected to a lead. The other tip of the lead is connected to a syringe pump (PHD 4400 Programmable Syringe Pump, Harvard Apparatus). The flow rate of the solution to the vessel is tuned via the syringe pump and was held at 4 mL/min during this study. A stationary steel mesh was placed 120 mm away from the rotating vessel to help collect the fibers. The solutions consisting of either PVA or MNPs containing PVA were spun at ambient conditions of 23 °C and ∼40% relative humidity. After the spinning was completed, all samples were transferred to sealed containers for further characterization.

Figure 1

Figure 1. Making polymer-based fibers via infusion gyration. (A) Schematic diagram of the spinning process. (B) High-speed camera image of the spinning cylinder showing fiber formation.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

2.4. Characterization of PVA and PVA–MNP Fibers

Fiber samples were observed under a Nikon Eclipse ME 600 optical microscope, fitted with a MicroPublisher 3.3 RTV, 3.3 megapixel CCD Color-Bayer Mosaic, Real Time Viewing camera (Media Cybernetics, Marlow, UK). Size and morphology of the fibers were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with a JEOL JSM6310F instrument. All samples were coated with carbon prior to imaging, using a Quorum K975X turbo-pumped thermal evaporator (Quorum Technologies Ltd., East Sussex, UK). Chemical characterization was achieved via FTIR spectroscopy, with a Bruker VERTEX 70 instrument. An INCA X-sight EDAX system (Oxford Instruments) was used with Hitachi S-3400N for EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray) spectroscopy for surface elemental analysis. Stability of the composite fibers was studied by immersing in an absolute ethanol solution for 4 weeks, followed by testing for Fe3O4 leaching via UV–vis spectroscopy, using an Agilent Technologies Cary 4000 UV–vis spectrophotometer.

2.5. Magnetic Actuation and Characterization

Magnetic actuation of the MNP-containing fibers was achieved using commercial neodymium magnets (emagnets UK, EP336, 20 mm dia × 5 mm, N42, NiCuNi plated, 1.4 T), in air and in ethanol. The fibers effectively responded to the external magnetic field while contained in glass vials open to air or in glass vials containing absolute ethanol. The fibers could also easily be guided in a channel containing ethanol. Magnetization measurements were performed using a Quantum Design MPMS SQUID-VSM magnetometer. Samples were weighed and mounted within polycarbonate holders and subsequently measured (±1 T, 796 kA m–1, at 300 K).

2.6. Drug Release Experiments

Drug release experiments were conducted in absolute ethanol medium, with acetaminophen (Sigma-Aldrich, analytical standard) as a model drug. For each experiment, 5.0 mg of acetaminophen was transferred on to 60.0 mg of magnetic fibers. The fibers were wetted with three drops of absolute ethanol, prior to transfer of acetaminophen on to them. In order to ensure that the drug was effectively immobilized in the fiber network, the acetaminophen powder was spread throughout and pressed against the fibers with a spatula. This system was then transferred to a glass vial containing 10.0 mL of absolute ethanol. Both control experiments and actuation experiments were conducted in duplicate, to measure the release of acetaminophen into the solution with time. For the actuation experiments, the fiber–drug system was continuously moved via four stacked external magnets (see section 2.5). Samples of 500 μL of the ethanol solute were taken out from the system, first after every 1 min, up to 5 min, and then at every 5 min, for a total period of 30 min. Subsequently, the samples were analyzed via UV–vis spectrophotometry, to determine the concentration of acetaminophen released via magnetic actuation. The 500 μL taken out for sampling was replaced with new ethanol each time, in order to keep a total constant volume of 10 mL of ethanol throughout the experiment. The same procedure was followed to conduct control experiments, with the exception of the magnetic actuation.
The concentration of acetaminophen released into the solution was measured via ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry at a characteristic absorbance wavelength of 248 nm. UV–vis spectroscopy was carried out using the absorbance mode of a BioTek Synergy H1 multidetection reader. These measurements were compared to a calibration curve, and the acetaminophen concentrations of the experimental samples were determined by the Beer–Lambert law.

3. Results and Discussion

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

3.1. PVA and PVA–MNP Fibers via Infusion Gyration

Spinning of polymer solutions through micro-orifices under high pressure and speed is a technique recently optimized to mass-produce nanofibers. (49,50) This technology was extended to include nanoparticles (51) and protein (52)-containing polymer solutions to generate composite fibers. In the latter, (52) the flow rate, rather than pressure, was controlled during gyration; this is called infusion gyration. Here, this method was used to successfully generate fibers consisting of PVA polymer and PVA–MNP.
The morphology of the fibers was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopies. Optical microscopy revealed a fiber matrix containing small amounts of beads distributed in the matrix, for both pure PVA (Supporting Information, Figure S1A) and PVA–MNP (Figure 2A,B) samples. These beads were observed to be hollow structures via SEM and could arise from a combination of factors, such as the rheological properties of the polymer solution together with the spinning speed and pressure. (53) Fibers made from both PVA and PVA–MNP appeared to have a distribution of 100–300 nm in diameter (Figure 2C,D and Supporting Information, Figure S1B). The incorporation of Fe3O4 MNPs into the fibers was visualized via EDX dot mapping, which revealed that the iron oxide powder was distributed homogeneously on the fibers (Figure 2E,F).

Figure 2

Figure 2. PVA–MNP fibers (5% (w/w)). (A,B) Optical microscopy images, (C,D) SEM images, and (E,F) SEM dot mapping: the red dots indicate the presence of Fe in fibers.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Chemical composition of the fibers was analyzed using FTIR and EDX. Examination of the FTIR peaks allowed the identification of all typical peaks for PVA and citric acid (Figure 3A). These include the broad peaks at 3300 cm–1 from the stretching mode of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of O–H; 2920 and 2850 cm–1 from the C–H vibrational mode of alkyl groups; 1735 cm–1 from the stretching mode of C═O of the carbonyl groups; 1085 cm–1 from the C–O–C stretching mode; a shoulder at ∼1141 cm–1 from C–O stretching of crystalline PVA; and 1242 cm–1 from the symmetric stretching mode of citric acid. (54−56)

Figure 3

Figure 3. Characterization of chemical composition and magnetic content of the PVA–MNP fibers. (A) FTIR spectrum, (B) elemental analysis using EDX, (C) area of fiber sample subject to EDX analysis, and (D) mass magnetization behavior of the MNP–PVA fiber sample.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
However, the characteristic vibrational bands of Fe3O4 usually found at 634, 582, and 397 cm–1, characteristic of magnetite, (57) were not discernible via the instrument used. The presence of surface Fe was successfully detected using EDX and was found to be in the range of 5–10% of atomic weight for different samples (Figure 3B,C).
In order to correctly quantify the amount of MNPs loaded on to the fibers, the material was subject to superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) analysis. It was found that the fibers were composed of 4.9% magnetic component by weight (due to Fe3O4 MNPs), as determined by the fraction of the mass magnetization for the PVA–MNP fibers (M = 2.6 A m2 kg–1) and the pure MNPs (M = 53.8 A m2 kg–1) (Figure S3 and Figure 3D). Because the polymer solution fed to the spinning apparatus consisted of 5% of MNPs by weight, this shows that the process of infused gyration is highly effective in generating fibers with minimal loss of the magnetic material. This observation, coupled with the previously investigated efficacy of the gyration process, (52) renders potential for scaled up production of magnetic fibers using this technique.

3.2. Controlled Release of Acetaminophen via Magnetic Actuation of PVA–MNP Fibers

The ability to release controlled quantities of drugs via application of an external stimulus onto the carrier platform is a highly advantageous feature for drug delivery. This was successfully demonstrated by the controlled release of acetaminophen loaded on the PVA–MNP fibers, via an external magnetic field. Absolute ethanol was chosen as the medium for these experiments, in which the magnetic fibers were stable. UV–vis experiments conducted on the supernatant of PVA–MNP fibers stored in absolute ethanol for 4 weeks showed no traces of Fe3O4 leaching (Supporting Information Figure S2). Acetaminophen was chosen as a model drug for this study due to its high solubility in ethanol (58) and its characteristic UV–vis absorption. (59) This drug was effectively immobilized onto the PVA–MNP fibers (Figure 4A), following which the drug–fiber system was transferred to an absolute ethanol medium and studied for the release of acetaminophen with time, both with and without magnetic actuation (Figure 4B,C and Supporting Information Videos S2 and S3). Separate experiments were conducted in duplicate, for the control (i.e., without actuation) and actuated studies. Samples were taken out at relevant time intervals and subject to UV–vis analysis. The ethanol volume was kept constant for all samples throughout the study by replacing the sampling volume.

Figure 4

Figure 4. Drug release experiments using magnetic fibers. (A) Loading of acetaminophen onto the fibers, (B) control experiment without any actuation, and (C) fiber–drug system actuated via an external magnet.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Acetaminophen has strong UV absorption with a prominent peak at 243 nm and a broad shoulder at around 290 nm, in water. (60) In absolute ethanol, these peaks were observed at 248 and 295 nm, respectively (Figure 5A). A calibration curve for acetaminophen was obtained using standard solutions and was used to determine the concentration of its quantities released during the control and actuation experiments of the acetaminophen-loaded fiber system. On the basis of the above results, the concentration and the cumulative % of acetaminophen released were plotted against time (Figures S4 and 5B, respectively).

Figure 5

Figure 5. Use of magnetic fibers for controlled release of acetaminophen with and without magnetic actuation. (A) Chemical structure and UV–vis absorption spectrum of acetaminophen, (B) cumulative weight percentages of acetaminophen released with time. Here, the control experiment represents the equivalent release of acetaminophen without magnetic (or any other type of) actuation. (C) Effect of magnetic actuation on drug release with time: the difference between actuated and nonactuated cumulative release curves. (D) Ratio of acetaminophen release from actuated and nonactuated fibers.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
It was evident that the magnetically actuated fiber system released significantly more acetaminophen with time, compared to the nonactuated system. For the actuated samples, a rapid release of acetaminophen was observed during the first 5 min, followed by a gradual increase, up to 15 min, following which the release plateaued until the end of the experiment, at 30 min. This behavior is consistent with a “burst-release” mechanism. (61) About 50% of the drug was released within 2–3 min and over 90% by the end of 15 min of actuation. No statistically significant further increase in release concentration is observed over the 15–30 min time frame. This may be because further drug release is restricted due to the strong adsorption or possible entrapment of remaining drug within the fiber matrix. It is also noteworthy that, because the drug release is triggered by movement (i.e., magnetic actuation), we are unable to ensure that the acetaminophen concentration is homogeneous throughout the test solution. This may result in greater differences in duplicate experiments conducted for actuated samples compared to the controls, bringing about larger experimental errors for the former. In contrast, the control samples released significantly lower amounts of drug during the first 5 min, followed by a slower gradual increase in drug release over the next 20 min, and finally showed a slight decrease during the last 5 min. This behavior can be attributed to simple diffusion of the immobilized acetaminophen from the fiber network.
The difference between the cumulative % of acetaminophen released over time from the actuated and nonactuated fibers, for the 5–30 min time frame, is depicted in Figure 5C. By the end of the first 5 min, there is a stark difference of about 71% of acetaminophen release between the two types of samples. This amounts to approximately 28 times higher drug release from actuated fibers compared to a nonactuated sample, as depicted by the ratios in Figure 5D. This is followed by steadily decreasing ratios of release up to 15 min, and by the end of the 30 min study period, about twice as much acetaminophen continues to release via magnetic actuation, compared to diffusion. The above is clear evidence that remote magnetic actuation can bring about significant changes in both an absolute and a relative sense, for the release of drugs from PVA–MNP fibers.
On the basis of the above results, it is evident that the PVA–MNP fibers are capable of fast drug release during smaller time scales and slower, consistent drug release over time, via magnetic actuation. This novel, biocompatible, cost-effective, and controllable technique has the potential to be used clinically, as an effective tool for triggered drug release. Application of this mode of drug delivery is particularly attractive in wound care due to several reasons: (1) it can be used in the community by tissue viability nurses, (2) repeated drug delivery can be effected, without necessarily changing or removing the dressings, and (3) chemical debridement of wounds (as opposed to surgical debridement for which one needs an anesthetic, theater time, and, often, a physician to conduct the procedure) can be carried out if the relevant drug is incorporated into the PVA–MNP fibers. Moreover, there is increasingly a focus to move the management of wound care into the community, which achieves two important NHS objectives: (a) it relieves hospital bed pressures and (b) patients can be managed in the convenience of their own homes and are not subjected to the challenges of being an inpatient.
This technology also has potential applications for “site-specific” treatment due to its customizable properties. For example, the sensitivity of magnetic actuation of the fibers, namely, the minimum depth and distance from the magnetic source needed for actuation, can be improved by increasing either the MNP concentration or the power of the magnet. Then, the material can possibly be applied in treatment of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery or, in simpler terms, for prevention of a stroke. In this instance, the magnetic fibers could be administered intravenously, and then the magnetic actuation could be directed to the carotid artery in the neck so that the drug would be released only at this specific site. If deeper penetration of the magnetic force can be achieved safely, then one could envisage widening the portfolio of use within the body in a number of conditions, for example, acute conditions such as sepsis and chronic diseases, such as inflammation in arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, and in a range of oncological therapies.

4. Conclusions

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
PVA nanofibers incorporating 5% (w/w) of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully and reproducibly prepared by infusion gyration. The fibers were shown to be stable when stored in ethanol, without any leaching of MNPs. The magnetic particles impart sufficient magnetization to the fibers to support actuation via external magnets. Acetaminophen was used to successfully demonstrate controlled drug release using the PVA–MNP fibers, when subject to magnetic actuation, bringing about over 90% cumulative release in 15 min. Compared to nonactuated controls, the magnetic fibers showed approximately 71% more release of the drug within 5 min, in absolute terms, and nearly 28 times higher release, in relative terms. This is promising for applications of this technology as an efficient remote-controlled method for drug delivery. The above, coupled together with facile, cost-effective material synthesis, with proven ability to scale up, offers attractive opportunities in clinical application of the magnetic fibers.

Supporting Information

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04774.

  • SEM images of pure PVA fibers; MNP leaching studies for PVA–MNP fibers conducted via UV–vis absorbance of supernatant solutions; mass magnetization behavior of both pure MNP (M = 2.6 A m2 kg–1) and 5% MNP–PVA fiber (M = 53.8 A m2 kg–1) samples; and concentration of acetaminophen released with time (PDF)

  • High-speed camera video showing fiber formation during the infusion gyration process (ZIP)

  • Procedure for magnetic actuation of fibers loaded with acetaminophen (ZIP)

  • Transportation of the magnetic fibers along a tube using magnetic actuation, demonstrating the scope of actuation (ZIP)

Terms & Conditions

Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

Author Information

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
  • Corresponding Authors
  • Authors
    • Ayomi S. Perera - Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering  and  Department of Chemical Engineering, , and , University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.;  Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-040X
    • Siqi Zhang - Department of Mechanical Engineering, , and , University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
    • Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam - Department of Mechanical Engineering, , and , University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
  • Funding

    The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) is gratefully acknowledged for support of gyratory forming work (grants EP/L023059/1 and EP/N034228/1) and for a “Frontier Engineering” award, EP/K038656/1.

  • Notes
    The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Acknowledgments

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions from Justin Siefker and Michele Lynch of the Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, for assistance with FTIR and UV–vis experiments, Dr. Paul Southern of the UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory for SQUID analysis, and Dr. Tom Gregory of the UCL Institute of Archaeology for SEM and EDX.

Abbreviations

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
PVA

polyvinyl alcohol

MNPs

magnetic nanoparticles

dc

direct current

EDX

energy-dispersive X-ray

Mw

molecular weight

UV–vis

ultraviolet–visible

SQUID

superconducting quantum interference device

FESEM

field emission scanning electron microscope

FTIR

Fourier transform infrared

NHS

National Health Service (UK)

References

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

This article references 61 other publications.

  1. 1
    Ulbrich, K.; Holá, K.; Šubr, V.; Bakandritsos, A.; Tuček, J.; Zbořil, R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 5338– 5431,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589
    Google Scholar
    1
    Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies
    Ulbrich, Karel; Hola, Katerina; Subr, Vladimir; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Tucek, Jiri; Zboril, Radek
    Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2016), 116 (9), 5338-5431CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
    Targeted delivery combined with controlled drug release has a pivotal role in the future of personalized medicine. This review covers the principles, advantages, and drawbacks of passive and active targeting based on various polymer and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle carriers with drug attached by both covalent and noncovalent pathways. Attention is devoted to the tailored conjugation of targeting ligands (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, peptides) to drug carrier systems. Similarly, the approaches toward controlled drug release are discussed. Various polymer-drug conjugates based, for example, on polyethylene glycol (PEG), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), polymeric micelles, and nanoparticle carriers are explored with respect to absorption, distribution, metab., and excretion (ADME scheme) of administrated drug. Design and structure of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and condensed magnetic clusters are classified according to the mechanism of noncovalent drug loading involving hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, coordination chem., and encapsulation in porous materials. Principles of covalent conjugation of drugs with SPIONs including thermo- and pH-degradable bonds, amide linkage, redox-cleavable bonds, and enzymically-cleavable bonds are also thoroughly described. Finally, results of clin. trials obtained with polymeric and magnetic carriers are analyzed highlighting the potential advantages and future directions in targeted anticancer therapy.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XmsFCksr8%253D&md5=7be43f31bde1e683328259580f9256b7
  2. 2
    Wang, Y.; Kohane, D. S. External triggering and triggered targeting strategies for drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2017, 2, 17020,  DOI: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.20
    Google Scholar
    2
    External triggering and triggered targeting strategies for drug delivery
    Wang, Yanfei; Kohane, Daniel S.
    Nature Reviews Materials (2017), 2 (2), 17020CODEN: NRMADL; ISSN:2058-8437. (Nature Publishing Group)
    A review. Drug delivery systems that are externally triggered to release drugs and/or target tissues hold considerable promise for improving the treatment of many diseases by minimizing nonspecific toxicity and enhancing the efficacy of therapy. These drug delivery systems are constructed from materials that are sensitive to a wide range of external stimuli, including light, ultrasound, elec. and magnetic fields, and specific mols. The responsiveness conferred by these materials allows the release of therapeutics to be triggered on demand and remotely by a physician or patient. In this Review, we describe the rationales for such systems and the types of stimuli that can be deployed, and provide an outlook for the field.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXnsVaiurs%253D&md5=65224bd6e1a7ec1c67ac5eaa3f66688a
  3. 3
    Chandna, A.; Batra, D.; Kakar, S.; Singh, R. A review on target drug delivery: magnetic microspheres. J. Acute Dis. 2013, 2, 189– 195,  DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60125-0
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  4. 4
    Arruebo, M.; Fernández-Pacheco, R.; Ibarra, M. R.; Santamaría, J. Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nano Today 2007, 2, 22– 32,  DOI: 10.1016/s1748-0132(07)70084-1
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  5. 5
    Jurgons, R.; Seliger, C.; Hilpert, A.; Trahms, L.; Odenbach, S.; Alexiou, C. Drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2006, 18, S2893,  DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/s24
    Google Scholar
    5
    Drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy
    Jurgons, R.; Seliger, C.; Hilpert, A.; Trahms, L.; Odenbach, S.; Alexiou, C.
    Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2006), 18 (38), S2893-S2902CODEN: JCOMEL; ISSN:0953-8984. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
    Magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated for biomedical applications for more than 30 years. In medicine they are used for several approaches such as magnetic cell sepn. or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The development of biocompatible nanosized drug delivery systems for specific targeting of therapeutics is the focus of medical research, esp. for the treatment of cancer and diseases of the vascular system. In an exptl. cancer model, the authors performed targeted drug delivery and used magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, bound to a chemotherapeutic agent, which were attracted to an exptl. tumor in rabbits by an external magnetic field (magnetic drug targeting). Complete tumor remission could be achieved. An important advantage of these carriers is the possibility for detecting these nanoparticles after treatment with common imaging techniques (i.e. x-ray-tomog., magnetorelaxometry, magnetic resonance imaging), which can be correlated to histol.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFelsr%252FK&md5=7f343d0aa507ca11ce06e218d23579a2
  6. 6
    Perera, A. S. Sustainable Magnetic Nanocatalysts in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Magnetic Nanomaterials: Applications in Catalysis and Life Sciences; Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017; Chapter 4, pp 99– 119.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  7. 7
    Hoare, T.; Timko, B. P.; Santamaria, J.; Goya, G. F.; Irusta, S.; Lau, S.; Stefanescu, C. F.; Lin, D.; Langer, R.; Kohane, D. S. Magnetically Triggered Nanocomposite Membranes: A Versatile Platform for Triggered Drug Release. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1395– 1400,  DOI: 10.1021/nl200494t
    Google Scholar
    7
    Magnetically triggered nanocomposite membranes: A versatile platform for triggered drug release
    Hoare, Todd; Timko, Brian P.; Santamaria, Jesus; Goya, Gerardo F.; Irusta, Silvia; Lau, Samantha; Stefanescu, Cristina F.; Lin, Debora; Langer, Robert; Kohane, Daniel S.
    Nano Letters (2011), 11 (3), 1395-1400CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
    Drug delivery devices based on nanocomposite membranes contg. thermoresponsive nanogels and superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been demonstrated to provide reversible, on-off drug release upon application (and removal) of an oscillating magnetic field. We show that the dose of drug delivered across the membrane can be tuned by engineering the phase transition temp. of the nanogel, the loading d. of nanogels in the membrane, and the membrane thickness, allowing for on-state delivery of model drugs over at least 2 orders of magnitude (0.1-10 μg/h). The zero-order kinetics of drug release across the membranes permit drug doses from a specific device to be tuned according to the duration of the magnetic field. Drugs over a broad range of mol. wts. (500-40000 Da) can be delivered by the same membrane device. Membrane-to-membrane and cycle-to-cycle reproducibility is demonstrated, suggesting the general utility of these membranes for drug delivery.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXisVWrsLo%253D&md5=6fee69c942847b2d5adc41bb9745ef64
  8. 8
    Oliveira, H.; Pérez-Andrés, E.; Thevenot, J.; Sandre, O.; Berra, E.; Lecommandoux, S. Magnetic field triggered drug release from polymersomes for cancer therapeutics. J. Controlled Release 2013, 169, 165– 170,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.013
    Google Scholar
    8
    Magnetic field triggered drug release from polymersomes for cancer therapeutics
    Oliveira, Hugo; Perez-Andres, Encarnacion; Thevenot, Julie; Sandre, Olivier; Berra, Edurne; Lecommandoux, Sebastien
    Journal of Controlled Release (2013), 169 (3), 165-170CODEN: JCREEC; ISSN:0168-3659. (Elsevier B.V.)
    Local and temporal control of drug release has for long been a main focus in the development of novel drug carriers. Polymersomes, which can load both hydrophilic and hydrophobic species and, at the same time, be tailored to respond to a desired stimulus, have drawn much attention over the last decade. Here the authors describe polymersomes able to encapsulate up to 6% (wt./wt.) of doxorubicin (DOX) together with 30% (wt./wt.) of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO; γ-Fe2O3). Upon internalization in HeLa cells and when a high frequency AC magnetic field (14 mT at 750 kHz) was applied, the developed delivery system elicited an 18% increase in cell toxicity, assocd. with augmented DOX release kinetics. In order to ensure that the obsd. cytotoxicity arose from the increased doxorubicin release and not from a pure magnetic hyperthermia effect, polymersomes loaded with magnetic nanoparticles alone were also tested. In this case, no increased toxicity was obsd. The authors hypothesize that the magnetic field is inducing a very local hyperthermia effect at the level of the polymersome membrane, increasing drug release. This approach opens new perspectives in the development of smart delivery systems able to release drug upon demand and therefore, improving treatment control.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXisVGmsb4%253D&md5=1449d8378d16d5b18886df2043bbac54
  9. 9
    Lee, J.-H.; Ivkov, R.; Blumenthal, R. Magnetically Triggered Drug Release from Liposome Embedded Gel. J. Nanomed. Biother. Discovery 2014, 4, 130– 136,  DOI: 10.4172/2155-983x.1000130
    Google Scholar
    9
    Magnetically triggered drug release from liposome embedded gel
    Lee, Jae-Ho; Ivkov, Robert; Blumenthal, Robert
    Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery (2014), 4 (3), 130/1-130/6CODEN: JNBDB3; ISSN:2155-983X. (OMICS Publishing Group)
    Triggering drug release in tumor or disease sites at specific times can be one approach to treat diseases efficiently by limiting side effects from high systemic or off-target exposure. In this study we investigated triggered drug release of a liposome gel by magnetic heating from Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles (IMN). The liposome gel was prepd. by self-assembly of drug encapsulated liposomes, IMN, and hydrophobically-modified chitosan (hmC) soln. The triggering release of the liposome gel was investigated in the Alternating Magnetic Field (AMF). In addn., AMF effect in cell toxicity of the doxorubicin liposome was evaluated. Drug release from the liposome gel via AMF demonstrated triggered release and enhanced cancer cell killing effect.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXnsleqtrs%253D&md5=3c8b60b2985eb964ba5e14d0b730e2ac
  10. 10
    Bi, H.; Ma, S.; Li, Q.; Han, X. Magnetically triggered drug release from biocompatible microcapsules for potential cancer therapeutics. J. Mater. Chem. B 2016, 4, 3269– 3277,  DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02464a
    Google Scholar
    10
    Magnetically triggered drug release from biocompatible microcapsules for potential cancer therapeutics
    Bi, Hongmei; Ma, Shenghua; Li, Qingchuan; Han, Xiaojun
    Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine (2016), 4 (19), 3269-3277CODEN: JMCBDV; ISSN:2050-7518. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    This paper demonstrates that magnetic field triggered drug release from magnetic lipid microcapsules (MLMs) in a controlled manner. Two types of MLMs were fabricated, i.e., MLMs with neg. charged magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) inside and MLMs with pos. charged MNPs on their surfaces. The release of carboxyfluorescein (CF) and the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (Dox) induced by the AC magnetic field (AMF) was investigated in detail both exptl. and theor. Although the drug release of these two types of MLMs synchronizes the switch of the AMF, they exhibited different mechanisms. The magnetic heating effect dominates the release of MLMs with MNPs inside, while both magnetic heating and oscillation effects play important roles in the release of MLMs with MNPs on the surfaces. The in vitro cytotoxicity expts. of Dox loaded microcapsules toward HeLa cells were further performed, which confirmed that these magnetic responsive drug carriers had obvious effects on cell death triggered by the external non-invasive AMF.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xltlakurc%253D&md5=77b101d83ce0fe96b63fc3250e08c077
  11. 11
    Hoare, T.; Timko, B. P.; Santamaria, J.; Goya, G. F.; Irusta, S.; Lau, S.; Stefanescu, C. F.; Lin, D.; Langer, R.; Kohane, D. S. Magnetically-triggered Nanocomposite Membranes: a Versatile Platform for Triggered Drug Release. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1395– 1400,  DOI: 10.1021/nl200494t
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  12. 12
    Veiseh, O.; Gunn, J. W.; Zhang, M. Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2010, 62, 284– 304,  DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.002
    Google Scholar
    12
    Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging
    Veiseh, Omid; Gunn, Jonathan W.; Zhang, Miqin
    Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2010), 62 (3), 284-304CODEN: ADDREP; ISSN:0169-409X. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A review. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of non-invasive imaging agents that have been developed for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. These MNPs have traditionally been used for disease imaging via passive targeting, but recent advances have opened the door to cellular-specific targeting, drug delivery, and multi-modal imaging by these nanoparticles. As more elaborate MNPs are envisioned, adherence to proper design criteria (e.g. size, coating, mol. functionalization) becomes even more essential. This review summarizes the design parameters that affect MNP performance in vivo, including the physicochem. properties and nanoparticle surface modifications, such as MNP coating and targeting ligand functionalization that can enhance MNP management of biol. barriers. A careful review of the chemistries used to modify the surfaces of MNPs is also given, with attention paid to optimizing the activity of bound ligands while maintaining favorable physicochem. properties.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXit1Ont7s%253D&md5=2de920152c2119cf6d770cba27277315
  13. 13
    Gobbo, O. L.; Sjaastad, K.; Radomski, M. W.; Volkov, Y.; Prina-Mello, A. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics. Theranostics 2015, 5, 1249– 1263,  DOI: 10.7150/thno.11544
    Google Scholar
    13
    Magnetic nanoparticles in cancer theranostics
    Gobbo, Oliviero L.; Sjaastad, Kristine; Radomski, Marek W.; Volkov, Yuri; Prina-Mello, Adriele
    Theranostics (2015), 5 (11), 1249-1263CODEN: THERDS; ISSN:1838-7640. (Ivyspring International Publisher)
    In a report from 2008, The International Agency for Research on Cancer predicted a tripled cancer incidence from 1975, projecting a possible 13-17 million cancer deaths worldwide by 2030. While new treatments are evolving and reaching approval for different cancer types, the main prevention of cancer mortality is through early diagnosis, detection and treatment of malignant cell growth. The last decades have seen a development of new imaging techniques now in widespread clin. use. The development of nano-imaging through fluorescent imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to detect and diagnose cancer at an earlier stage than with current imaging methods. The characteristic properties of nanoparticles result in their theranostic potential allowing for simultaneous detection of and treatment of the disease. This review provides state of the art of the nanotechnol. applications for cancer therapy. Furthermore, it advances a novel concept of personalized nanomedical theranostic therapy using iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in conjunction with MRI imaging. Regulatory and industrial perspectives are also included to outline future perspectives in nanotechnol. cancer research.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XptlWiu7Y%253D&md5=ed4f8ae8c37b4474a2b8943b645f7e39
  14. 14
    Sun, C.; Lee, J.; Zhang, M. Magnetic Nanoparticles in MR Imaging and Drug Delivery. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2008, 60, 1252– 1265,  DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.018
    Google Scholar
    14
    Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery
    Sun, Conroy; Lee, Jerry S. H.; Zhang, Miqin
    Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2008), 60 (11), 1252-1265CODEN: ADDREP; ISSN:0169-409X. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A review. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) possess unique magnetic properties and the ability to function at the cellular and mol. level of biol. interactions making them an attractive platform as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and as carriers for drug delivery. Recent advances in nanotechnol. have improved the ability to specifically tailor the features and properties of MNPs for these biomedical applications. To better address specific clin. needs, MNPs with higher magnetic moments, non-fouling surfaces, and increased functionalities are now being developed for applications in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of malignant tumors, cardiovascular disease, and neurol. disease. Through the incorporation of highly specific targeting agents and other functional ligands, such as fluorophores and permeation enhancers, the applicability and efficacy of these MNPs have greatly increased. This review provides a background on applications of MNPs as MR imaging contrast agents and as carriers for drug delivery and an overview of the recent developments in this area of research.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXosVOnsro%253D&md5=2f719e491df6cdb3c8a41a60f7734cf4
  15. 15
    Qureshi, A.; Gurbuz, Y.; Niazi, J. H. Biosensors for cardiac biomarkers detection: A review. Sens. Actuators, B 2012, 171, 62– 76,  DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.05.077
    Google Scholar
    15
    Biosensors for cardiac biomarkers detection: A review
    Qureshi, Anjum; Gurbuz, Yasar; Niazi, Javed H.
    Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical (2012), 171-172 (), 62-76CODEN: SABCEB; ISSN:0925-4005. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A review. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered as a major threat to global health. Therefore, there is a growing demand for a range of portable, rapid and low cost biosensing devices for the detection of CVD. Biosensors can play an important role in the early diagnosis of CVD without having to rely on hospital visits where expensive and time-consuming lab. tests are recommended. Over the last decade, many biosensors have been developed to detect a wide range of cardiac marker to reduce the costs for healthcare. One of the major challenges is to find a way of predicting the risk that an individual can suffer from CVD. There has been considerable interest in finding diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that can be detected in blood and predict CVD risk. Of these, C-reactive protein (CRP) is the best known biomarker followed by cardiac troponin I or T (cTnI/T), myoglobin, lipoprotein-assocd. phospholipase A(2), interlukin-6 (IL-6), interlukin-1 (IL-1), low-d. lipoprotein (LDL), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has been used to predict cardiovascular events. This review provides an overview of the available biosensor platforms for the detection of various CVD markers and considerations of future prospects for the technol. are addressed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xos12ns74%253D&md5=755c160aad2ab369282c31c344519e02
  16. 16
    Gao, Y.; Lim, J.; Teoh, S.-H.; Xu, C. Emerging translational research on magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 6306– 6329,  DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00322e
    Google Scholar
    16
    Emerging translational research on magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine
    Gao, Yu; Lim, Jing; Teoh, Swee-Hin; Xu, Chenjie
    Chemical Society Reviews (2015), 44 (17), 6306-6329CODEN: CSRVBR; ISSN:0306-0012. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    Regenerative medicine, which replaces or regenerates human cells, tissues or organs, to restore or establish normal function, is one of the fastest-evolving interdisciplinary fields in health care. Over 200 regenerative medicine products, including cell-based therapies, tissue-engineered biomaterials, scaffolds and implantable devices, have been used in clin. development for diseases such as diabetes and inflammatory and immune diseases. To facilitate the translation of regenerative medicine from research to clinic, nanotechnol., esp. magnetic nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention due to their unique optical, elec., and magnetic properties and specific dimensions. In this review paper, we intend to summarize current advances, challenges, and future opportunities of magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVSgsLfM&md5=f62f02d98ba06361eb668f4fe49fedb3
  17. 17
    Hergt, R.; Dutz, S.; Müller, R.; Zeisberger, M. Magnetic particle hyperthermia: nanoparticle magnetism and materials development for cancer therapy. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2006, 18, S2919,  DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/s26
    Google Scholar
    17
    Magnetic particle hyperthermia: nanoparticle magnetism and materials development for cancer therapy
    Hergt, Rudolf; Dutz, Silvio; Mueller, Robert; Zeisberger, Matthias
    Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2006), 18 (38), S2919-S2934CODEN: JCOMEL; ISSN:0953-8984. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
    Loss processes in magnetic nanoparticles are discussed with respect to optimization of the specific loss power (SLP) for application in tumor hyperthermia. Several types of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles representative for different prepn. methods (wet chem. pptn., grinding, bacterial synthesis, magnetic size fractionation) are the subject of a comparative study of structural and magnetic properties. Since the specific loss power useful for hyperthermia is restricted by serious limitations of the alternating field amplitude and frequency, the effects of the latter are investigated exptl. in detail. The dependence of the SLP on the mean particle size is studied over a broad size range from superparamagnetic up to multidomain particles, and guidelines for achieving large SLP under the constraints valid for the field parameters are derived. Particles with the mean size of 18 nm having a narrow size distribution proved particularly useful. In particular, very high heating power may be delivered by bacterial magnetosomes, the best sample of which showed nearly 1 kW g-1 at 410 kHz and 10 kA m-1. This value may even be exceeded by metallic magnetic particles, as indicated by measurements on cobalt particles.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFelsr%252FE&md5=76bdb844f818e8a37f7cc9efbd39e09b
  18. 18
    Pankhurst, Q. A.; Thanh, N. T. K.; Jones, S. K.; Dobson, J. Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2009, 42, 224001,  DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/42/22/224001
    Google Scholar
    18
    Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine
    Pankhurst, Q. A.; Thanh, N. K. T.; Jones, S. K.; Dobson, J.
    Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics (2009), 42 (22), 224001/1-224001/15CODEN: JPAPBE; ISSN:0022-3727. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
    A review and progress report on a selection of scientific, technol., and com. advances in the biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles since 2003. Particular attention is paid to (1) magnetic actuation for in vitro nonviral transfection and tissue engineering and in vivo drug delivery and gene therapy, (2) recent clin. results for magnetic hyperthermia treatments of brain and prostate cancer via direct injection, and continuing efforts to develop new agents suitable for targeted hyperthermia following i.v. injection, and (3) developments in medical sensing technologies involving a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, and the invention of magnetic particle imaging as a new modality. Ongoing prospects are also discussed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhsFeksr%252FM&md5=b18381643f157f66a155154560582b25
  19. 19
    Fusco, S.; Huang, H.-W.; Peyer, K. E.; Peters, C.; Häberli, M.; Ulbers, A.; Spyrogianni, A.; Pellicer, E.; Sort, J.; Pratsinis, S. E.; Nelson, B. J.; Sakar, M. S.; Pané, S. Shape-Switching Microrobots for Medical Applications: The Influence of Shape in Drug Delivery and Locomotion. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 6803– 6811,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00181
    Google Scholar
    19
    Shape-Switching Microrobots for Medical Applications: The Influence of Shape in Drug Delivery and Locomotion
    Fusco, Stefano; Huang, Hen-Wei; Peyer, Kathrin E.; Peters, Christian; Haberli, Moritz; Ulbers, Andre; Spyrogianni, Anastasia; Pellicer, Eva; Sort, Jordi; Pratsinis, Sotiris E.; Nelson, Bradley J.; Sakar, Mahmut Selman; Pane, Salvador
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2015), 7 (12), 6803-6811CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    The effect of dynamic shape switching of hydrogel bilayers on the performance of self-folding microrobots is investigated for navigation in body orifices and drug release on demand. Tubular microrobots are fabricated by coupling a thermoresponsive hydrogel nanocomposite with a poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) layer, to achieve spontaneous and reversible folding from a planar rectangular structure. Graphene oxide (GO) or silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are dispersed in the thermoresponsive hydrogel matrix to provide near-IR (NIR) light sensitivity or magnetic actuation, resp. The NIR light-responsive microstructures are fabricated for triggered drug delivery while magnetic nanocomposite-based microrobots are used to analyze the role of shape in locomotion. Exptl. anal. and computational simulations of tubular structures show that drug release and motility can be optimized through controlled shape change. These concepts are finally applied to helical microrobots to show a possible way to achieve autonomous behavior.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXjvFygur4%253D&md5=d00aa683b1205cc70259476c42e722d3
  20. 20
    Temel, F. Z.; Yesilyurt, S. Magnetically actuated micro swimming of bio-inspired robots in mini channels. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics , 13–15 April 2011, 2011; Vol. 2011, pp 342– 347.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  21. 21
    Xu, T.; Yu, J.; Yan, X.; Choi, H.; Zhang, L. Magnetic Actuation Based Motion Control for Microrobots: An Overview. Micromachines 2015, 6, 1346– 1364,  DOI: 10.3390/mi6091346
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  22. 22
    Floyd, S.; Pawashe, C.; Sitti, M. An untethered magnetically actuated micro-robot capable of motion on arbitrary surfaces. 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation , 19–23 May 2008, 2008; Vol. 2008, pp 419– 424.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  23. 23
    Thomas, C. R.; Ferris, D. P.; Lee, J.-H.; Choi, E.; Cho, M. H.; Kim, E. S.; Stoddart, J. F.; Shin, J.-S.; Cheon, J.; Zink, J. I. Noninvasive Remote-Controlled Release of Drug Molecules in Vitro Using Magnetic Actuation of Mechanized Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 10623– 10625,  DOI: 10.1021/ja1022267
    Google Scholar
    23
    Noninvasive Remote-Controlled Release of Drug Molecules in Vitro Using Magnetic Actuation of Mechanized Nanoparticles
    Thomas, Courtney R.; Ferris, Daniel P.; Lee, Jae-Hyun; Choi, Eunjoo; Cho, Mi Hyeon; Kim, Eun Sook; Stoddart, J. Fraser; Shin, Jeon-Soo; Cheon, Jinwoo; Zink, Jeffrey I.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society (2010), 132 (31), 10623-10625CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
    Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are useful nanomaterials that have demonstrated the ability to contain and release cargos with mediation by gatekeepers. Magnetic nanocrystals have the ability to exhibit hyperthermic effects when placed in an oscillating magnetic field. In a system combining these two materials and a thermally sensitive gatekeeper, a unique drug delivery system can be produced. A novel material that incorporates zinc-doped iron oxide nanocrystals within a mesoporous silica framework that has been surface-modified with pseudorotaxanes is described. Upon application of an AC magnetic field, the nanocrystals generate local internal heating, causing the mol. machines to disassemble and allowing the cargos (drugs) to be released. When breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were treated with doxorubicin-loaded particles and exposed to an AC field, cell death occurred. This material promises to be a noninvasive, externally controlled drug delivery system with cancer-killing properties.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXovFemsbY%253D&md5=82d4b0a6e1725868e92f6b445f755534
  24. 24
    Singh, R. K.; Patel, K. D.; Kim, J.-J.; Kim, T.-H.; Kim, J.-H.; Shin, U. S.; Lee, E.-J.; Knowles, J. C.; Kim, H.-W. Multifunctional Hybrid Nanocarrier: Magnetic CNTs Ensheathed with Mesoporous Silica for Drug Delivery and Imaging System. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 2201– 2208,  DOI: 10.1021/am4056936
    Google Scholar
    24
    Multifunctional hybrid nanocarrier: Magnetic CNTs ensheathed with mesoporous silica for drug delivery and imaging system
    Singh, Rajendra K.; Patel, Kapil D.; Kim, Jung-Ju; Kim, Tae-Hyun; Kim, Joong-Hyun; Shin, Ueon Sang; Lee, Eun-Jung; Know, Jonathan C.; Kim, Hae-Won
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2014), 6 (4), 2201-2208CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    Here we communicate the development of a novel multifunctional hybrid nanomaterial, magnetic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ensheathed with mesoporous silica, for the simultaneous applications of drug delivery and imaging. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were first decorated onto the multiwalled CNTs, which was then layered with mesoporous silica (mSiO2) to facilitate the loading of bioactive mols. to a large quantity while exerting magnetic properties. The hybrid nanomaterial showed a high mesoporosity due to the surface-layered mSiO2, and excellent magnetic properties, including magnetic resonance imaging in vitro and in vivo. The mesoporous and magnetic hybrid nanocarriers showed high loading capacity for therapeutic mols. including drug gentamicin and protein cytochrome C. In particular, genetic mol. siRNA was effectively loaded and then released over a period of days to a week. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocarriers exhibited a high cell uptake rate through magnetism, while eliciting favorable biol. efficacy within the cells. This novel hybrid multifunctional nanocarrier may be potentially applicable as drug delivery and imaging systems.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhsVOjt7k%253D&md5=6ee8b36dce5d081201205ec9ae117f0a
  25. 25
    Chen, J.-P.; Yang, P.-C.; Ma, Y.-H.; Tu, S.-J.; Lu, Y.-J. Targeted delivery of tissue plasminogen activator by binding to silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle. Int. J. Nanomed. 2012, 7, 5137– 5149,  DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36197
    Google Scholar
    25
    Targeted delivery of tissue plasminogen activator by binding to silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle
    Chen, Jyh-Ping; Yang, Pei-Ching; Ma, Yunn-Hwa; Tu, Su-Ju; Lu, Yu-Jen
    International Journal of Nanomedicine (2012), 7 (), 5137-5149CODEN: IJNNHQ; ISSN:1178-2013. (Dove Medical Press Ltd.)
    Background and Methods: Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SiO2-MNP) prepd. by the sol-gel method was studied as a nanocarrier for targeted delivery of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The nanocarrier consists of a superparamagnetic iron oxide core and an SiO2 shell and is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, superconducting quantum interference device and thermogravimetric anal. An amine-terminated surface silanizing agent (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) was used to functionalize the SiO2 surface, which provides abundant -NH2 functional groups for conjugating with tPA. Results: The optimum drug loading is reached when 0.5 mg/mL tPA is conjugated with 5 mg SiO2-MNP where 94% tPA is attached to the carrier with 86% retention of amidolytic activity and full retention of fibrinolytic activity. In vitro biocompatibility detd. by lactate dehydrogenase release and cell proliferation indicated that SiO2-MNP does not elicit cytotoxicity. Hematol. anal. of blood samples withdrawn from mice after venous administration indicates that tPA-conjugated SiO2-MNP (SiO2-MNP-tPA) did not alter blood component concns. After conjugating to SiO2-MNP, tPA showed enhanced storage stability in buffer and operation stability in whole blood up to 9.5- and 2.8-fold, resp. Effective thrombolysis with SiO2-MNP-tPA under magnetic guidance is demonstrated in an ex vivo thrombolysis model where 34% and 40% redns. in blood clot lysis time were obsd. compared with runs without magnetic targeting and with free tPA, resp., using the same drug dosage. Enhanced penetration of SiO2-MNP-tPA into blood clots under magnetic guidance was confirmed from microcomputed tomog. anal. Conclusion: Biocompatible SiO2-MNP developed in this study will be useful as a magnetic targeting drug carrier to improve clin. thrombolytic therapy.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhsFylu77J&md5=06e371575a7bc607830e99bf28b62ac6
  26. 26
    Mody, V. V.; Cox, A.; Shah, S.; Singh, A.; Bevins, W.; Parihar, H. Magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery systems for targeting tumor. Appl. Nanosci. 2014, 4, 385– 392,  DOI: 10.1007/s13204-013-0216-y
    Google Scholar
    26
    Magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery systems for targeting tumor
    Mody, Vicky V.; Cox, Arthur; Shah, Samit; Singh, Ajay; Bevins, Wesley; Parihar, Harish
    Applied Nanoscience (2014), 4 (4), 385-392CODEN: ANPACY; ISSN:2190-5517. (Springer GmbH)
    A review. Tumor hypoxia, or low oxygen concn., is a result of disordered vasculature that lead to distinctive hypoxic microenvironments not found in normal tissues. Many traditional anti-cancer agents are not able to penetrate into these hypoxic zones, whereas, conventional cancer therapies that work by blocking cell division are not effective to treat tumors within hypoxic zones. Under these circumstances the use of magnetic nanoparticles as a drug delivering agent system under the influence of external magnetic field has received much attention, based on their simplicity, ease of prepn., and ability to tailor their properties for specific biol. applications. Hence in this review article we have reviewed current magnetic drug delivery systems, along with their application and clin. status in the field of magnetic drug delivery.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXkslekurs%253D&md5=29cd54f12c903197dbe4753d0df89c88
  27. 27
    Leung, V.; Ko, F. Biomedical applications of nanofibers. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011, 22, 350– 365,  DOI: 10.1002/pat.1813
    Google Scholar
    27
    Biomedical applications of nanofibers
    Leung, Victor; Ko, Frank
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies (2011), 22 (3), 350-365CODEN: PADTE5; ISSN:1042-7147. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
    A review. Nanofiber technol. is an exciting area attracting the attention of many researchers as a potential soln. to the current challenges in the biomedical field such as burn and wound care, organ repair, and treatment for osteoporosis and various diseases. Nanofibers are attractive in this field for several reasons. First, surface area on nanofibers is much higher compared to bulk materials, which allows for enhanced adhesion of cells, proteins, and drugs. Second, nanofibers can be fabricated into sophisticated macro-scale structures. The ability to fabricate nanofibers allows renewed efforts in developing hierarchical structures that mimic those in animals and human. On top of that, a wide range of polymers can be fabricated into nanofibers to suit different applications. Nanofibers are most commonly fabricated through electrospinning, which is a low cost method that allows control over fiber morphol. and is capable of being scaled-up for mass prodn. This review explored two popular areas of biomedical nanofiber development: tissue regeneration and drug delivery, and included discussions on the basic principles for how nanofibers promote tissue regeneration and drug delivery, the parameters that affect nanofiber performance and the recent progress in these areas. The recent work on biomedical nanofibers showed that the large surface area on nanofibers could be translated into enhanced cell activities, drug encapsulation, and drug release rate control. Furthermore, by optimizing the electrospinning process via adjusting the material choices and fiber orientation, for example, further enhancement in cell differentiation and drug release control could be achieved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXitFaqtro%253D&md5=d99626c6e55577a80c60017a97da1402
  28. 28
    Suwantong, O. Biomedical applications of electrospun polycaprolactone fiber mats. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2016, 27, 1264– 1273,  DOI: 10.1002/pat.3876
    Google Scholar
    28
    Biomedical applications of electrospun polycaprolactone fiber mats
    Suwantong, Orawan
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies (2016), 27 (10), 1264-1273CODEN: PADTE5; ISSN:1042-7147. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
    A review. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester emerging into biomedical applications because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, chem. stability, thermal stability and good mech. properties. Electrospinning is a versatile method using electrostatic forces for fabricating continuous ultrafine fibers that offer various advantages such as high surface area and high porosity. Thus, this method has gained interest for use in many fields, esp. biomedical fields. This review focuses on researches and studies in electrospinning, PCL, electrospinning of PCL and also biomedical applications of the electrospun PCL fiber mats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xht1ygsLbN&md5=b5476692a142f279119e293a06aa1327
  29. 29
    Liu, H.; Ding, X.; Zhou, G.; Li, P.; Wei, X.; Fan, Y. Electrospinning of nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. J. Nanomater. 2013, 2013, 1– 11,  DOI: 10.1155/2013/495708
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  30. 30
    Rodríguez, K.; Gatenholm, P.; Renneckar, S. Electrospinning cellulosic nanofibers for biomedical applications: structure and in vitro biocompatibility. Cellulose 2012, 19, 1583– 1598,  DOI: 10.1007/s10570-012-9734-0
    Google Scholar
    30
    Electrospinning cellulosic nanofibers for biomedical applications: structure and in vitro biocompatibility
    Rodriguez, Katia; Gatenholm, Paul; Renneckar, Scott
    Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2012), 19 (5), 1583-1598CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
    Electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) was studied in relation to factors of solvent compn., polymer concn., and flow rate to elucidate how the processing parameters impact electrospun CA structure. Fibrous cellulose-based mats were produced from electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA, Mn = 30,000, DS = 2.45) in acetone, acetone/isopropanol (2:1), and acetone/dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (2:1) solns. The effect of CA concn. and flow rate was evaluated in acetone/DMAc (2:1) soln. The morphol. of electrospun CA mats was impacted by solvent system, polymer concn., and soln. flow rate. Fibers produced from acetone and the mixt. of acetone/isopropanol (2:1) exhibited a ribbon structure, while acetone/DMAc (2:1) system produced the common cylindrical fiber shape. It was detd. that the electrospinning of 17 % CA soln. in acetone/DMAc (2:1, wt./wt.) produced fibers with an av. fiber diam. in the submicron range and the lowest size distribution among the solvents tested. The soln. flow rate had a power law relationship of 0.26 with the CA fiber size for 17 % CA in acetone/DMAc (2:1). Solvent compn. and flow rate also impacted the stability of the network structure of the electrospun fibers. Only samples from acetone/DMAc (2:1) at soln. flow rates equal or higher than 1 mL/h produced fibrous meshes that were able to preserve their original network structure after deacetylation. These samples after regeneration showed no residual DMAc and exhibited no cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xht1eksL7E&md5=a026ff1ca2bd7e3cffa67a9edef646de
  31. 31
    Agarwal, S.; Wendorff, J. H.; Greiner, A. Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. Polymer 2008, 49, 5603– 5621,  DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.014
    Google Scholar
    31
    Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications
    Agarwal, Seema; Wendorff, Joachim H.; Greiner, Andreas
    Polymer (2008), 49 (26), 5603-5621CODEN: POLMAG; ISSN:0032-3861. (Elsevier Ltd.)
    A review. The electrospinning technique provides non-wovens to the order of few nanometers with large surface areas, ease of functionalization for various purposes and superior mech. properties. Also, the possibility of large scale productions combined with the simplicity of the process makes this technique very attractive for many different applications. Biomedical field is one of the important application areas among others utilizing the technique of electrospinning like filtration and protective material, elec. and optical applications, sensors, nanofiber reinforced composites etc. Electrospinning assembly can be modified in different ways for combining materials properties with different morphol. structures for these applications. The importance of electrospinning, in general, for biomedical applications like tissue engineering drug release, wound dressing, enzyme immobilization etc. is highlighted in this feature article. The focus is also on the types of materials that were electrospun and the modifications that were carried out in conventional electrospinning app. keeping in view the specific needs for various biomedical applications.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhsVKht7jN&md5=971aba42f737038323ca3c8fdb1ccba4
  32. 32
    Ashammakhi, N.; Ndreu, A.; Piras, A. M.; Nikkola, L.; Sindelar, T.; Jukola, H.; Harlin, A.; Gomes, M. E.; Neves, N. M.; Chiellini, E.; Chiellini, F.; Hasirci, V.; Redl, H.; Reis, R. L. Biodegradable nanomats produced by electrospinning: Expanding multifunctionality and potential for tissue engineering. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2007, 7, 862– 882,  DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.485
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  33. 33
    Teo, W.-E.; He, W.; Ramakrishna, S. Electrospun scaffold tailored for tissue-specific extracellular matrix. Biotechnol. J. 2006, 1, 918– 929,  DOI: 10.1002/biot.200600044
    Google Scholar
    33
    Electrospun scaffold tailored for tissue-specific extracellular matrix
    Teo, Wee-Eong; He, Wei; Ramakrishna, Seeram
    Biotechnology Journal (2006), 1 (9), 918-929CODEN: BJIOAM; ISSN:1860-6768. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    A review. The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structure that is built to meet the specific requirements of the tissue and organ. Primarily consisting of nanometer diam. fibrils, ECM may contain other vital substances such as proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycan and various minerals. Current research in tissue engineering involves trying to replicate the ECM such that it provides the environment for tissue regeneration. Electrospinning is a versatile process that results in nanofibers by applying a high voltage to elec. charge a liq. A variety of polymers and other substances have been incorporated into the artificial nanofibrous scaffold. Surface modification and crosslinking of the nanofibers are some ways to improve the biocompatibility and stability of the scaffold. Electrospun scaffolds with oriented nanofibers and other assemblies can be constructed by modifying the electrospinning setup. Using electrospinning, researchers are able to specifically tailor the electrospun scaffold to meet the requirements of the tissue that they seek to regenerate. In vitro and in vivo expts. demonstrate that electrospun scaffolds hold great potential for tissue engineering applications.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFartrvL&md5=ad41cb30d6ee44762c2fc3d4e3a4e880
  34. 34
    Hipler, U.-C.; Elsner, P.; Fluhr, J. W. Antifungal and antibacterial properties of a silver-loaded cellulosic fiber. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B 2006, 77, 156– 163,  DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30413
    Google Scholar
    34
    Antifungal and antibacterial properties of a silver-loaded cellulosic fiber
    Hipler, Uta-Christina; Elsner, Peter; Fluhr, Joachim W.
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials (2006), 77B (1), 156-163CODEN: JBMRGL; ISSN:1552-4973. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
    The skin is the interface between the body and the environment. Each skin type has a specific skin physiol. and is more or less adapted for protection against multiple stress factors. Textiles on the other hand are the tissues with the longest contact to the human skin. They play a crit. role esp. in skin conditions with an increased rate of bacterial and fungal infections like atopic dermatitis and hyperhidrosis, and in diabetic patients and aged skin. The present study demonstrates the antifungal and antibacterial effects of SeaCell Active in an in vitro test system against Candida albicans (DSM 11225), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 1169), and Candida krusei (ATCC 6258). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of fibers with different amts. of SeaCell Active fibers in a dose-dependent manner against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 22923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218) could be demonstrated. If this fiber seems to be suited for bioactive textiles in specific anatomical regions and skin conditions with a susceptibility for fungal and bacterial infections due to Candida species, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, must be examd. by further investigations, esp. in vivo tests in human, considering allergic and toxic effects of the fiber.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XjsFChu7Y%253D&md5=f8cbf2f0438ed2a2f88301e2c5b09895
  35. 35
    Townsend-Nicholson, A.; Jayasinghe, S. N. Cell Electrospinning: a Unique Biotechnique for Encapsulating Living Organisms for Generating Active Biological Microthreads/Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2006, 7, 3364– 3369,  DOI: 10.1021/bm060649h
    Google Scholar
    35
    Cell Electrospinning: a Unique Biotechnique for Encapsulating Living Organisms for Generating Active Biological Microthreads/Scaffolds
    Townsend-Nicholson, Andrea; Jayasinghe, Suwan N.
    Biomacromolecules (2006), 7 (12), 3364-3369CODEN: BOMAF6; ISSN:1525-7797. (American Chemical Society)
    Jet-based technologies are increasingly being explored as potential high-throughput and high-resoln. methods for the manipulation of biol. materials. Previously shown to be of use in generating scaffolds from biocompatible materials, the authors were interested to explore the possibility of using electrospinning technol. for the generation of scaffolds comprised of living cells. For this, it was necessary to identify appropriate parameters under which viable threads contg. living cells could be produced. Here, the authors describe a method of electrospinning that can be used to deposit active biol. threads and scaffolds. This has been achieved by use of a coaxial needle arrangement where a concd. living biosuspension flows through the inner needle and a medical-grade poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) medium with high viscosity (12 500 mPa s) and low elec. cond. (10-15 S m-1) flows through the outer needle. Using this technique, the authors have identified the operational conditions under which the finest cell-bearing composite microthreads are formed. Collected cells that have been cultured, postelectrospinning, have been viable and show no evidence of having incurred any cellular damage during the bionanofabrication process. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using coaxial electrospinning technol. for biol. and biomedical applications requiring the deposition of living cells as composite microthreads for forming active biol. scaffolds.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFCqt7%252FI&md5=fd8cc1fb26bb5cbea6efc4cf13436793
  36. 36
    Jayasinghe, S. N.; Irvine, S.; McEwan, J. R. Cell electrospinning highly concentrated cellular suspensions containing primary living organisms into cell-bearing threads and scaffolds. Nanomedicine 2007, 2, 555– 567,  DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.4.555
    Google Scholar
    36
    Cell electrospinning highly concentrated cellular suspensions containing primary living organisms into cell-bearing threads and scaffolds
    Jayasinghe, Suwan N.; Irvine, Scott; McEwan, Jean R.
    Nanomedicine (London, United Kingdom) (2007), 2 (4), 555-567CODEN: NLUKAC; ISSN:1743-5889. (Future Medicine Ltd.)
    Aims: We recently pioneered the cell electrospinning of living cells as viable biol. threads and scaffolds. In that study, we demonstrated the process with an immortalized human brain astrocytoma (1321N1, European Collection of Cell Cultures) cell line at a cell concn. of 106 cells/mL. The next stage was to demonstrate the ability to cell electrospin primary living cells at cell concns. of 107 cells/mL (the highest-ever cell concn. threaded by any threading methodol.). Furthermore, the post-threaded cells needed their viability assessed over a long period of time by way of flow cytometry, which accurately assesses the viable cell populations. Materials & methods: In this work, we employ primary porcine vascular and rabbit aorta smooth-muscle cells prepd. as cellular suspensions at cell concns. of 107 cells/mL. The cell electrospinning device employs a coaxial needle arrangement that enables the flow of either highly concd. cellular suspension in the inner needle while the outer needle accommodates the flow of a viscoelasticity medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane medium. Cell viability was assessed over a long timeframe by way of flow cytometry in comparison with controls. Results & discussion: The work reported here demonstrates the ability to cell electrospin primary living organisms as highly concd. cellular suspensions. The viable population of cells post-cell electrospinning are significant and remain viable over both the short and long term, as assessed by flow cytometry. Conclusion: Our work elucidates the ability to cell electrospin primary cells as highly concd. cellular suspensions. The post-cell electrospun organisms are viable over long periods of time, demonstrating a significant active cell population when compared with controls.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXpsVaqurc%253D&md5=54b166abfd2391438b9ad9682d56830a
  37. 37
    Yan, S.; Li, X.; Dai, J.; Wang, Y.; Wang, B.; Lu, Y.; Shi, J.; Huang, P.; Gong, J.; Yao, Y. Electrospinning of PVA/sericin nanofiber and the effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2017, 79, 436– 444,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.048
    Google Scholar
    37
    Electrospinning of PVA/sericin nanofiber and the effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells
    Yan, Shanshan; Li, Xiuchun; Dai, Jing; Wang, Yiqun; Wang, Binbin; Lu, Yi; Shi, Jianlin; Huang, Pengyu; Gong, Jinkang; Yao, Yuan
    Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications (2017), 79 (), 436-444CODEN: MSCEEE; ISSN:0928-4931. (Elsevier B.V.)
    This research aims to investigate the cell-nanomaterial interaction between epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cell and electrospinning nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alc. (PVA)/silk sericin (SS). The electrospinning of regenerated nanofiber was performed with water as a spinning solvent and glutaraldehyde as a chem. crosslinnker. Soln. concn., applied voltage and spin distances as well as other parameters were optimized to generate fine nanofibers with smooth surface in good homogeneity. From the SEM (SEM) anal., the nanofibers had an av. diam. of 200 nm. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity to become mesenchymal stem cells. This transition is affected by multiple biochem. and phys. factors in cell metab. cascade. Herein, we investigate the biophys. effect on A549 EMT by culturing cells on nanofibrous mats with different topog. and compn. The cell viability was evaluated by biochem. assay and its morphol. was obsd. with SEM. The results demonstrate that cells appropriately attached to the surface of the nanofibrous mats with extended morphol. by their filopodia. Gene expression anal. was conducted by real-time PCR using multiple markers for detecting EMT: N-cadherin (NCad), Vimentin (Vim), Fibronectin (Fib) and Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP9). An increasing expression pattern was obsd. on NCad, Vim, Fib, with respect to a neg. control as cell cultured on polystyrene dish. This result indicates the 200 nm PVA/SS nanofibers may induce A549 cells to process epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the culturing.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXotFyisLs%253D&md5=f131f72257cebd892485905a405eddf8
  38. 38
    Persano, L.; Camposeo, A.; Tekmen, C.; Pisignano, D. Industrial Upscaling of Electrospinning and Applications of Polymer Nanofibers: A Review. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2013, 298, 504– 520,  DOI: 10.1002/mame.201200290
    Google Scholar
    38
    Industrial Upscaling of Electrospinning and Applications of Polymer Nanofibers: A Review
    Persano, Luana; Camposeo, Andrea; Tekmen, Cagri; Pisignano, Dario
    Macromolecular Materials and Engineering (2013), 298 (5), 504-520CODEN: MMENFA; ISSN:1438-7492. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    A review. Electrospun nanofibers are extensively studied and their potential applications are largely demonstrated. Today, electrospinning equipment and technol. solns., and electrospun materials are rapidly moving to commercialization. Dedicated companies supply lab. and industrial-scale components and app. for electrospinning, and others commercialize electrospun products. This paper focuses on relevant technol. approaches developed by research, which show perspectives for scaling-up and for fulfilling requirements of industrial prodn. in terms of throughput, accuracy, and functionality of the realized nanofibers. A crit. anal. is provided about technol. weakness and strength points in combination with expected challenges from the market.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXltVWrsQ%253D%253D&md5=6e8bede4c2a2ca20c974a43d8e6187e0
  39. 39
    Guimarães, A.; Martins, A.; Pinho, E. D.; Faria, S.; Reis, R. L.; Neves, N. M. Solving cell infiltration limitations of electrospun nanofiber meshes for tissue engineering applications. Nanomedicine 2010, 5, 539– 554,  DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.31
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  40. 40
    Martins, A.; Araújo, J. V.; Reis, R. L.; Neves, N. M. Electrospun nanostructured scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Nanomedicine 2007, 2, 929– 942,  DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.6.929
    Google Scholar
    40
    Electrospun nanostructured scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
    Martins Albino; Araujo Jose V; Reis Rui L; Neves Nuno M
    Nanomedicine (London, England) (2007), 2 (6), 929-42 ISSN:.
    Despite being known for decades (since 1934), electrospinning has emerged recently as a very widespread technology to produce synthetic nanofibrous structures. These structures have morphologies and fiber diameters in a range comparable with those found in the extracellular matrix of human tissues. Therefore, nanofibrous scaffolds are intended to provide improved environments for cell attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation when compared with traditional scaffolds. In addition, the process versatility and the highly specific surface area of nanofiber meshes may facilitate their use as local drug-release systems. Common electrospun nanofiber meshes are characterized by a random orientation. However, in some special cases, aligned distributions of the fibers can be obtained, with an interconnected microporous structure. The characteristic pore sizes and the inherent planar structure of the meshes can be detrimental for the desired cell infiltration into the inner regions, and eventually compromise tissue regeneration. Several strategies can be followed to overcome these limitations, and are discussed in detail here.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD2sjlsl2ksA%253D%253D&md5=22701692f428e17350753271b4f62728
  41. 41
    Zhang, Y.; Lim, C. T.; Ramakrishna, S.; Huang, Z.-M. Recent development of polymer nanofibers for biomedical and biotechnological applications. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 2005, 16, 933– 946,  DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-4428-x
    Google Scholar
    41
    Recent development of polymer nanofibers for biomedical and biotechnological applications
    Zhang, Yanzhong; Lim, Chwee Teck; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Huang, Zheng-Ming
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2005), 16 (10), 933-946CODEN: JSMMEL; ISSN:0957-4530. (Springer)
    A review. Research in polymer nanofibers has undergone significant progress in the last one decade. One of the main driving forces for this progress is the increasing use of these polymer nanofibers for biomedical and biotechnol. applications. This article presents a review on the latest research advancement made in the use of polymer nanofibers for applications such as tissue engineering, controlled drug release, wound dressings, medical implants, nanocomposites for dental restoration, mol. sepn., biosensors, and preservation of bioactive agents.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXhtVSqurbO&md5=0dc06562ba6c2e0bc138debd831358ec
  42. 42
    Zafar, M.; Najeeb, S.; Khurshid, Z.; Vazirzadeh, M.; Zohaib, S.; Najeeb, B.; Sefat, F. Potential of Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical and Dental Applications. Materials 2016, 9, 73,  DOI: 10.3390/ma9020073
    Google Scholar
    42
    Potential of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications
    Zafar, Muhammad; Najeeb, Shariq; Khurshid, Zohaib; Vazirzadeh, Masoud; Zohaib, Sana; Najeeb, Bilal; Sefat, Farshid
    Materials (2016), 9 (2), 73/1-73/21CODEN: MATEG9; ISSN:1996-1944. (MDPI AG)
    Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applications in recent years. Electrospinning is being used for fabricating nanofibers for various biomedical and dental applications such as tooth regeneration, wound healing and prevention of dental caries. Electrospun materials have the benefits of unique properties for instance, high surface area to vol. ratio, enhanced cellular interactions, protein absorption to facilitate binding sites for cell receptors. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the potential of electrospun nanofibers for repair and regeneration of various dental and oral tissues including dental pulp, dentin, periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and skeletal tissues. However, there are a few limitations of electrospinning hindering the progress of these materials to practical or clin. applications. In terms of biomaterials aspects, the better understanding of controlled fabrication, properties and functioning of electrospun materials is required to overcome the limitations. More in vivo studies are definitely required to evaluate the biocompatibility of electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, mech. properties of such scaffolds should be enhanced so that they resist mech. stresses during tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this article is to review the current progress of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications. In addn., various aspects of electrospun materials in relation to potential dental applications have been discussed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXmt1yjs7k%253D&md5=8696fe03ed47b09c527269ee32d63939
  43. 43
    Tamimi, E.; Ardila, D. C.; Haskett, D. G.; Doetschman, T.; Slepian, M. J.; Kellar, R. S.; Vande Geest, J. P. Biomechanical Comparison of Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Gelatin Fibrinogen Electrospun Scaffolds to Porcine Coronary Arteries. J. Biomech. Eng. 2015, 138, 011001,  DOI: 10.1115/1.4031847
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  44. 44
    Tamayol, A.; Akbari, M.; Annabi, N.; Paul, A.; Khademhosseini, A.; Juncker, D. Fiber-based tissue engineering: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Biotechnol. Adv. 2013, 31, 669– 687,  DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.11.007
    Google Scholar
    44
    Fiber-based tissue engineering: Progress, challenges, and opportunities
    Tamayol, Ali; Akbari, Mohsen; Annabi, Nasim; Paul, Arghya; Khademhosseini, Ali; Juncker, David
    Biotechnology Advances (2013), 31 (5), 669-687CODEN: BIADDD; ISSN:0734-9750. (Elsevier)
    A review. Tissue engineering aims to improve the function of diseased or damaged organs by creating biol. substitutes. To fabricate a functional tissue, the engineered construct should mimic the physiol. environment including its structural, topog., and mech. properties. Moreover, the construct should facilitate nutrients and oxygen diffusion as well as removal of metabolic waste during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, fiber-based techniques such as weaving, knitting, braiding, as well as electrospinning, and direct writing have emerged as promising platforms for making 3D tissue constructs that can address the abovementioned challenges. Here, we critically review the techniques used to form cell-free and cell-laden fibers and to assemble them into scaffolds. We compare their mech. properties, morphol. features and biol. activity. We discuss current challenges and future opportunities of fiber-based tissue engineering (FBTE) for use in research and clin. practice.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhtVyhsA%253D%253D&md5=9b2e4148de1cdad2551f28a34e2f9e73
  45. 45
    Gosline, J. M.; Guerette, P. A.; Ortlepp, C. S.; Savage, K. N. The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202, 3295– 3303
    Google Scholar
    45
    The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function
    Gosline J M; Guerette P A; Ortlepp C S; Savage K N
    The Journal of experimental biology (1999), 202 (Pt 23), 3295-303 ISSN:0022-0949.
    Spiders produce a variety of silks, and the cloning of genes for silk fibroins reveals a clear link between protein sequence and structure-property relationships. The fibroins produced in the spider's major ampullate (MA) gland, which forms the dragline and web frame, contain multiple repeats of motifs that include an 8-10 residue long poly-alanine block and a 24-35 residue long glycine-rich block. When fibroins are spun into fibres, the poly-alanine blocks form (&bgr;)-sheet crystals that crosslink the fibroins into a polymer network with great stiffness, strength and toughness. As illustrated by a comparison of MA silks from Araneus diadematus and Nephila clavipes, variation in fibroin sequence and properties between spider species provides the opportunity to investigate the design of these remarkable biomaterials.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD3c%252FjtF2qtQ%253D%253D&md5=405f9bc84917f3aebed8a0f7c20cb1b5
  46. 46
    Gomes, M. E.; Azevedo, H. S.; Moreira, A. R.; Ellä, V.; Kellomäki, M.; Reis, R. L. Starch–poly(ε-caprolactone) and starch–poly(lactic acid) fibre-mesh scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: structure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviour. J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med. 2008, 2, 243– 252,  DOI: 10.1002/term.89
    Google Scholar
    46
    Starch-poly(ε-caprolactone) and starch-poly(lactic acid) fibre-mesh scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: structure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviour
    Gomes, M. E.; Azevedo, H. S.; Moreira, A. R.; Ella, V.; Kellomaki, M.; Reis, R. L.
    Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2008), 2 (5), 243-252CODEN: JTERAX; ISSN:1932-6254. (John Wiley & Sons Inc.)
    In scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies, the successful regeneration of tissues from matrix-producing connective tissue cells or anchorage-dependent cells (e.g. osteoblasts) relies on the use of a suitable scaffold. This study describes the development and characterization of SPCL (starch with ε-polycaprolactone, 30:70%) and SPLA [starch with poly(lactic acid), 30:70%] fiber-meshes, aimed at application in bone tissue-engineering strategies. Scaffolds based on SPCL and SPLA were prepd. from fibers obtained by melt-spinning by a fiber-bonding process. The porosity of the scaffolds was characterized by microcomputerized tomog. (μCT) and SEM. Scaffold degrdn. behavior was assessed in solns. contg. hydrolytic enzymes (α-amylase and lipase) in physiol. concns., in order to simulate in vivo conditions. Mech. properties were also evaluated in compression tests. The results show that these scaffolds exhibit adequate porosity and mech. properties to support cell adhesion and proliferation and also tissue ingrowth upon implantation of the construct. The results of the degrdn. studies showed that these starch-based scaffolds are susceptible to enzymic degrdn., as detected by increased wt. loss (within 2 wk, wt. loss in the SPCL samples reached 20%). With increasing degrdn. time, the diam. of the SPCL and SPLA fibers decreases significantly, increasing the porosity and consequently the available space for cells and tissue ingrowth during implantation time. These results, in combination with previous cell culture studies showing the ability of these scaffolds to induce cell adhesion and proliferation, clearly demonstrate the potential of these scaffolds to be used in tissue engineering strategies to regenerate bone tissue defects.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXls1Ghtrg%253D&md5=5fe2e8c4bf166de5fa4f54bc9c07320e
  47. 47
    Sinclair, K. D.; Webb, K.; Brown, P. J. The effect of various denier capillary channel polymer fibers on the alignment of NHDF cells and type I collagen. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 2010, 95, 1194– 1202,  DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32941
    Google Scholar
    47
    The effect of various denier capillary channel polymer fibers on the alignment of NHDF cells and Type I collagen
    Sinclair, Kristofer D.; Webb, Ken; Brown, Philip J.
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A (2010), 95A (4), 1194-1202CODEN: JBMRCH; ISSN:1549-3296. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
    If tissue engineers are to successfully repair and regenerate native tendons and ligaments, it will be essential to implement contact guidance to induce cellular and type I collagen alignment to replicate the native structure. Capillary channel polymer (CC-P) fibers fabricated by melt-extrusion have aligned micrometer scale surface channels that may serve the goal of achieving biomimetic, phys. templates for ligament growth and regeneration. Previous work characterizing the behavior of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), on the 19 denier per filament (dpf) CC-P fibers, demonstrated a need for improved cellular and type I collagen alignment. Therefore, 5 and 9 dpf CC-P fibers were manufd. to det. whether their channel dimensions would achieve greater alignment. A 29 dpf CC-P fiber was also examd. to det. whether cellular guidance could still be achieved within the larger dimensions of the fiber's channels. The 9 dpf CC-P fiber appeared to approach the topog. constraints necessary to induce the cellular and type I collagen architecture that most closely mirrored that of native ACL tissue. This work demonstrated that the novel cross-section of the CC-P fiber geometry could approach the necessary surface topog. to align NHDF cells along the longitudinal axis of each fiber. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtlygs7bF&md5=de84d364089fab87b1728b4b413ae38f
  48. 48
    Wan, A. C. A.; Liao, I.-C.; Yim, E. K. F.; Leong, K. W. Mechanism of Fiber Formation by Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 7019– 7025,  DOI: 10.1021/ma0498868
    Google Scholar
    48
    Mechanism of Fiber Formation by Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation
    Wan, Andrew C. A.; Liao, I-Chien; Yim, Evelyn K. F.; Leong, Kam W.
    Macromolecules (2004), 37 (18), 7019-7025CODEN: MAMOBX; ISSN:0024-9297. (American Chemical Society)
    A four-step mechanism is hypothesized for the process of fiber formation by interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation: (1) formation of a polyionic complex film at the interface that acts as a viscous barrier to free mixing; (2) scattering of this complex by a drawing motion, creating submicron "nuclear fibers"; (3) growth of "nuclear fibers", with an accompanying decrease in the viscosity of the surrounding polyelectrolyte matrix; (4) coalescence of "nuclear fibers", resulting in a thicker primary fiber and gel droplets at regular intervals along its axis. Presented evidence include light and confocal microscopy of the fiber structure, detailed observation of the fiber drawing process, turbidity expts. (for chitosan, sodium alginate, heparin) to measure the stability of the interface, effect of polyelectrolyte soln. concns. and contact area at the interface on fiber dimensions, and identification of two crit. draw rates that can be related to the proposed fiber-forming mechanism.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2cXmt12qur8%253D&md5=678e27efcb504b41d8521e0e4efe3bc2
  49. 49
    Mahalingam, S.; Edirisinghe, M. Forming of Polymer Nanofibers by a Pressurised Gyration Process. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2013, 34, 1134– 1139,  DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300339
    Google Scholar
    49
    Forming of Polymer Nanofibers by a Pressurised Gyration Process
    Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan; Edirisinghe, Mohan
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications (2013), 34 (14), 1134-1139CODEN: MRCOE3; ISSN:1022-1336. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    A new route consisting of simultaneous centrifugal spinning and soln. blowing to form polymer nanofibers is reported. The fiber diam. (60-1000 nm) is shown to be a function of polymer concn., rotational speed, and working pressure of the processing system. The fiber length is dependent on the rotational speed. The process can deliver 6 kg of fiber per h and therefore offers mass prodn. capabilities compared with other established polymer nanofiber generation methods such as electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, and blowing.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXptVanu70%253D&md5=0fd3dd63de655c022f24867ff79958f6
  50. 50
    Mahalingam, S.; Raimi-Abraham, B. T.; Craig, D. Q. M.; Edirisinghe, M. Solubility–spinnability map and model for the preparation of fibres of polyethylene (terephthalate) using gyration and pressure. Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 280, 344– 353,  DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.114
    Google Scholar
    50
    Solubility-spinnability map and model for the preparation of fibres of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using gyration and pressure
    Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan; Raimi-Abraham, Bahijja Tolulope; Craig, Duncan Q. M.; Edirisinghe, Mohan
    Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2015), 280 (), 344-353CODEN: CMEJAJ; ISSN:1385-8947. (Elsevier B.V.)
    The selection of a solvent or a solvent system is a fundamental and a crucial step in spinning fibers using a selected process. Solvent selection dets. the crit. min. polymer concn. and the crit. min. chain entanglement which allows the spinning of nanofibres rather than other hybrid morphologies such as beaded structures. Pressurised gyration, which simultaneously combines the use of gas pressure and rotation, is used as the processing and forming route for spinning fibers in this work. This study investigates 23 different solvents and solvent systems spread on a wide area of a Teas graph and able to dissolve the functional polymer polyethylene (terephthalate) (PET) and spin products by the application of pressurised gyration. The results are mapped on a Teas graph to identify the soly.-spinnability region. Based on this soly.-spinnability region, various solvents and binary solvent systems that allow the making of PET fibers are suggested. Scaling laws for the relationship between polymer concn. and specific viscosity are identified. The structural evolution in the fibers prepd. is elucidated. For the first time, a math. model to scale fiber diam. with respect to flow properties and processing parameters encountered in pressurised gyration has been successfully developed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVaisLfE&md5=c200463a2682de194848636ba8483f2e
  51. 51
    Illangakoon, U. E.; Mahalingam, S.; Wang, K.; Cheong, Y.-K.; Canales, E.; Ren, G. G.; Cloutman-Green, E.; Edirisinghe, M.; Ciric, L. Gyrospun antimicrobial nanoparticle loaded fibrous polymeric filters. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2017, 74, 315– 324,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.001
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  52. 52
    Zhang, S.; Karaca, B. T.; VanOosten, S. K.; Yuca, E.; Mahalingam, S.; Edirisinghe, M.; Tamerler, C. Coupling Infusion and Gyration for the Nanoscale Assembly of Functional Polymer Nanofibers Integrated with Genetically Engineered Proteins. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2015, 36, 1322– 1328,  DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500174
    Google Scholar
    52
    Coupling Infusion and Gyration for the Nanoscale Assembly of Functional Polymer Nanofibers Integrated with Genetically Engineered Proteins
    Zhang, Siqi; Karaca, Banu Taktak; Van Oosten, Sarah Kay; Yuca, Esra; Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan; Edirisinghe, Mohan; Tamerler, Candan
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications (2015), 36 (14), 1322-1328CODEN: MRCOE3; ISSN:1022-1336. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    Nanofibers featuring functional nanoassemblies show great promise as enabling constituents for a diverse range of applications in areas such as tissue engineering, sensing, optoelectronics, and nanophotonics due to their controlled organization and architecture. An infusion gyration method is reported that enables the prodn. of nanofibers with inherent biol. functions by simply adjusting the flow rate of a polymer soln. Sufficient polymer chain entanglement is obtained at Berry no. > 1.6 to make bead-free fibers integrated with gold nanoparticles and proteins, in the diam. range of 117-216 nm. Integration of gold nanoparticles into the nanofiber assembly is followed using a gold-binding peptide tag genetically conjugated to red fluorescence protein (DsRed). Fluorescence microscopy anal. corroborated with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirms the integration of the engineered red fluorescence protein with the nanofibers. The gold nanoparticle decorated nanofibers having red fluorescence protein as an integral part keep their biol. functionality including copper-induced fluorescence quenching of the DsRed protein due to its selective Cu+2 binding. Thus, coupling the infusion gyration method in this way offers a simple nanoscale assembly approach to integrate a diverse repertoire of protein functionalities into nanofibers to generate biohybrid materials for imaging, sensing, and biomaterial applications.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXpt1ehsrw%253D&md5=32a9bfb260919c4467bb5113a3757bf8
  53. 53
    Hong, X.; Edirisinghe, M.; Mahalingam, S. Beads, beaded-fibres and fibres: Tailoring the morphology of poly(caprolactone) using pressurised gyration. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2016, 69, 1373– 1382,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.071
    Google Scholar
    53
    Beads, beaded-fibres and fibres: Tailoring the morphology of poly(caprolactone) using pressurised gyration
    Hong, Xianze; Edirisinghe, Mohan; Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan
    Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications (2016), 69 (), 1373-1382CODEN: MSCEEE; ISSN:0928-4931. (Elsevier B.V.)
    This work focuses on forming bead on string poly(caprolactone) (PCL) by using gyration under pressure. The fiber morphol. of bead on string is an interesting feature that falls between bead-free fibers and droplets, and it could be effectively controlled by the rheol. properties of spinning dopes and the major processing parameters of the pressurized gyration system which are working pressure and rotating speed. Bead products were not always spherical in shape and tended to be more elliptical, therefore both their width and length were measured. The av. bead width and length produced spanned a range 145-660 μm and 140-1060 μm, resp. The av. distance between two adjacent beads (i.e. inter-bead distance) and the bead size (width and length) are shown to be a function of processing parameters and polymer concn. An interesting morphol. i.e. beads with short fiber was obsd. when using a high polymer concn. Bead on string structure agglomeration was promoted by a low polymer concn. Formation of droplets or agglomerated bead on string is promoted below 5 wt.% polymer concn., and beads with short fiber were present in the microstructure beyond a polymer concn. of 20 wt.%.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVKjtrfE&md5=bdfcdfa85673b5dd2a7846ea39d7dfeb
  54. 54
    Mallapragada, S. K.; Peppas, N. A. Dissolution mechanism of semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) in water. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1996, 34, 1339– 1346,  DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(199605)34:7<1339::aid-polb15>3.0.co;2-b
    Google Scholar
    54
    Dissolution mechanism of semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) in water
    Mallapragada, Surya K.; Peppas, Nikolaos A.
    Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics (1996), 34 (7), 1339-46CODEN: JPBPEM; ISSN:0887-6266. (Wiley)
    Changes occurring in the degree of crystallinity and lamellar thickness distribution of poly(vinyl alc.) (PVA) samples during dissoln. in water were investigated. PVA samples of three different mol. wts. were crystd. by annealing at 90, 110, and 120°. The initial degrees of crystallinity measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) varied from 43 to 60% and the av. lamellar thicknesses measured by DSC ranged from 50 to 400 Å. PVA dissoln. was followed at 25, 35, and 45° from 30 s up to 195 min. Lamellar thicknesses were detd. as a function of dissoln. time using DSC. There was an initial drastic decrease in the degree of crystallinity, which leveled off to a fairly const. value before reaching zero by the time the polymer dissolved completely. Increase in mol. wt. led to a lesser no. of crystals, but with larger av. lamellar thickness, which were more stable in the presence of water. Increase in crystn. temp. or decrease in dissoln. temp. led to a larger av. lamellar thickness. Based on these findings, a dissoln. mechanism involving unfolding of the polymer chains of the crystal was proposed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK28XisVOlsLs%253D&md5=98d29a59920fedb4191342eb23fbd372
  55. 55
    Mansur, H. S.; Sadahira, C. M.; Souza, A. N.; Mansur, A. A. P. FTIR spectroscopy characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with different hydrolysis degree and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2008, 28, 539– 548,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.10.088
    Google Scholar
    55
    FTIR spectroscopy characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with different hydrolysis degree and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde
    Mansur, Herman S.; Sadahira, Carolina M.; Souza, Adriana N.; Mansur, Alexandra A. P.
    Materials Science & Engineering, C: Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems (2008), 28 (4), 539-548CODEN: MSCEEE; ISSN:0928-4931. (Elsevier B.V.)
    In this work, poly (vinyl alc.) (PVA) hydrogels with different degree of hydrolysis (DH) were prepd. by chem. crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA). The nanostructure of the resulting hydrogels was investigated by Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering characterization (SAXS). In vitro tests were performed by swelling ratio assays in different pH solns. The IR spectra of the crosslinked PVA showed absorption bands of the acetal bridges resulted from the reaction of the GA with the OH groups from PVA. Also the FTIR spectroscopy was used to det. the crystallinity of the PVA film based on the relative intensity of the vibration band at 1141 cm-1. The results have showed an increase of hydrogel crystallinity with higher DH of PVA. SAXS patterns have clearly indicated important modifications on the PVA semicryst. structure when it was crosslinked by GA. The swelling ratio was significantly reduced by chem. crosslinking the PVA network. PVA-derived hydrogel with chem. modified network was found to be pH-sensitive, indicating a high potential to be used in drug delivery polymer system.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXjvF2rtro%253D&md5=4bff42a537456c5b5c353899e558288c
  56. 56
    Bichara, L. C.; Lanús, H. E.; Ferrer, E. G.; Gramajo, M. B.; Brandán, S. A. Vibrational Study and Force Field of the Citric Acid Dimer Based on the SQM Methodology. Adv. Phys. Chem. 2011, 2011, 1– 10,  DOI: 10.1155/2011/347072
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  57. 57
    Cornell, R. M.; Schwertmann, U. The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrences and Uses; Wiley, 2006.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  58. 58
    Granberg, R. A.; Rasmuson, Å. C. Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents. J. Chem. Eng. Data 1999, 44, 1391– 1395,  DOI: 10.1021/je990124v
    Google Scholar
    58
    Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents
    Granberg, Roger A.; Rasmuson, Aake C.
    Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data (1999), 44 (6), 1391-1395CODEN: JCEAAX; ISSN:0021-9568. (American Chemical Society)
    The soly. of paracetamol in 26 solvents in the temp. range from -5 to +30 °C is reported. Paracetamol has a very low soly. in nonpolar and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as toluene and carbon tetrachloride whereas the soly. is very high in solvents of medium polarity such as N,N-dimethylformamide, DMSO, and diethylamine. Paracetamol is sol. in alcs., but the soly. decreases with an increase in the length of the carbon chain in the n-alc. homologous series (methanol to 1-octanol). The soly. of paracetamol in water is much lower than in other polar solvents such as the alcs. The ideal soly. of paracetamol is calcd., and the activity coeff. in the satd. solns. is estd.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1MXntFOqtLo%253D&md5=8dd90ca64b3a3636b14da42bc588ddd0
  59. 59
    Glavanović, S.; Glavanović, M.; Tomišić, V. Simultaneous quantitative determination of paracetamol and tramadol in tablet formulation using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric methods. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 2016, 157, 258– 264,  DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.12.020
    Google Scholar
    59
    Simultaneous quantitative determination of paracetamol and tramadol in tablet formulation using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric methods
    Glavanovic, Sinisa; Glavanovic, Marija; Tomisic, Vladislav
    Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (2016), 157 (), 258-264CODEN: SAMCAS; ISSN:1386-1425. (Elsevier B.V.)
    The UV spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous quant. detn. of paracetamol and tramadol in paracetamol-tramadol tablets were developed. The spectrophotometric data obtained were processed by means of partial least squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm coupled with PLS (GA-PLS) methods in order to det. the content of active substances in the tablets. The results gained by chemometric processing of the spectroscopic data were statistically compared with those obtained by means of validated ultra-high performance liq. chromatog. (UHPLC) method. The accuracy and precision of data obtained by the developed chemometric models were verified by analyzing the synthetic mixt. of drugs, and by calcg. recovery as well as relative std. error (RSE). A statistically good agreement was found between the amts. of paracetamol detd. using PLS and GA-PLS algorithms, and that obtained by UHPLC anal., whereas for tramadol GA-PLS results were proven to be more reliable compared to those of PLS. The simplest and the most accurate and precise models were constructed by using the PLS method for paracetamol (mean recovery 99.5%, RSE 0.89%) and the GA-PLS method for tramadol (mean recovery 99.4%, RSE 1.69%).
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XovFelsg%253D%253D&md5=cab76ecef20117907ee62ac9f1210fa4
  60. 60
    Behera, S.; Ghanty, S.; Ahmad, F.; Santra, S.; Banerjee, S. UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation of Assay of Paracetamol Tablet Formulation. J. Anal. Bioanal. Tech. 2012, 3, 151– 157,  DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000151
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  61. 61
    Huang, X.; Brazel, C. S. On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems. J. Controlled Release 2001, 73, 121– 136,  DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00248-6
    Google Scholar
    61
    On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems
    Huang, X.; Brazel, C. S.
    Journal of Controlled Release (2001), 73 (2-3), 121-136CODEN: JCREEC; ISSN:0168-3659. (Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.)
    A review with refs. Although the significance of burst release in controlled delivery systems has not been entirely ignored, no successful theories have been put forth to fully describe the phenomenon. Despite the fact that the fast release of drug in a burst stage is utilized in certain drug administration strategies, the neg. effects brought about by burst can be pharmacol. dangerous and economically inefficient. Therefore a thorough understanding of the burst effect in controlled release systems is undoubtedly necessary. In this article, we review exptl. observations of burst release in monolithic polymer controlled drug delivery systems, theories of the phys. mechanisms causing burst, some of the unique ideas used to prevent burst, and the treatment of burst release in controlled release models.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3MXksVSqtb0%253D&md5=2857f9a4b03b40d55caa18922b986803

Cited By

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

This article is cited by 58 publications.

  1. Danilo M. dos Santos, Daniel S. Correa, Eliton S. Medeiros, Juliano E. Oliveira, Luiz H. C. Mattoso. Advances in Functional Polymer Nanofibers: From Spinning Fabrication Techniques to Recent Biomedical Applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020, 12 (41) , 45673-45701. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12410
  2. Yanjing Yang, Yao He, Zhiwei Deng, Jiacheng Li, Jin Huang, Shian Zhong. Intelligent Nanoprobe: Acid-Responsive Drug Release and In Situ Evaluation of Its Own Therapeutic Effect. Analytical Chemistry 2020, 92 (18) , 12371-12378. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02099
  3. Jaber Keyvan Rad, Zeinab Alinejad, Samideh Khoei, Ali Reza Mahdavian. Controlled Release and Photothermal Behavior of Multipurpose Nanocomposite Particles Containing Encapsulated Gold-Decorated Magnetite and 5-FU in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide). ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2019, 5 (9) , 4425-4434. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00790
  4. Luoran Shang, Yunru Yu, Yuxiao Liu, Zhuoyue Chen, Tiantian Kong, Yuanjin Zhao. Spinning and Applications of Bioinspired Fiber Systems. ACS Nano 2019, 13 (3) , 2749-2772. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b09651
  5. Zahra Sayyar, Gholam Reza Mahdavinia, Alireza Khataee. Dual-drug (Curcumin/Ciprofloxacin) loading and release from chitosan-based hydrogels embedded with magnetic Montmorillonite/Hyaluronic acid for enhancing wound healing. Journal of Biological Engineering 2023, 17 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-023-00385-1
  6. Parinaz Jabbari, Gholam Reza Mahdavinia, Parisa Fathi Rezaei, Bagher Kazemi Heragh, Parisa Labib, Hessam Jafari, Shahrzad Javanshir. pH-responsive magnetic biocompatible chitosan-based nanocomposite carrier for ciprofloxacin release. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2023, 250 , 126228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126228
  7. Danli Zhou, Dong Zhang, Ming Zhang, Ting Lü, Jingang Huang, Hongting Zhao, Jun Lin. Efficient Treatment of PAH-Contaminated Water Using Magnetic-Modified Myriophyllum aquaticum Waste Biomass. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2023, 234 (7) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06496-1
  8. Qian Li, Zhen Lu, Xiaojun Liu. Focusing and rotating magnetic nanoparticle clusters for fast ablation of thrombus. Journal of Materials Science 2023, 58 (19) , 8022-8033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08500-9
  9. Yingying Cai, Jinzhi Pan. Ropivacaine combined with MNP in mouse anesthesia. Applied Nanoscience 2023, 13 (5) , 3589-3598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02734-w
  10. Aakanksha Mohan, Richa Singhal, Sutapa Roy Ramanan. A study on the effect of the collector properties on the fabrication of magnetic polystyrene nanocomposite fibers using the electrospinning technique. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2023, 140 (6) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.53461
  11. Gholam Reza Mahdavinia, Hamed Hoseinzadeh, Parisa Labib, Parinaz Jabbari, Alisa Mohebbi, Shahram Barzeger, Hessam Jafari. (Magnetic laponite/κ-carrageenan)@chitosan core–shell carrier for pH-sensitive release of doxorubicin. Polymer Bulletin 2023, 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04688-7
  12. Pratikshkumar R. Patel, Rathna Venkata Naga Gundloori. A review on electrospun nanofibers for multiple biomedical applications. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2023, 34 (1) , 44-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.5896
  13. Ali Farzin, Nima Beheshtizadeh, Ahmad Vaez, Paniz Siminzar, Mohammad Varzandeh, Mahmoud Azami. Encapsulation: Controlled drug delivery. 2023, 149-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824345-9.00008-8
  14. Ateev Vohra, Prateek Raturi, Emran Hussain. Scope of using hollow fibers as a medium for drug delivery. 2023, 169-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96117-2.00013-3
  15. Victoriya Popova, Elena Dmitrienko, Alexey Chubarov. Magnetic Nanocomposites and Imprinted Polymers for Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids. Magnetochemistry 2023, 9 (1) , 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9010012
  16. Ayomi S. Perera, Richard J. Jackson, Reece M. D. Bristow, Chinyere A. White. Magnetic cryogels as a shape-selective and customizable platform for hyperthermia-mediated drug delivery. Scientific Reports 2022, 12 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13572-9
  17. Mariana Acosta, Marvin D. Santiago, Jennifer A. Irvin. Electrospun Conducting Polymers: Approaches and Applications. Materials 2022, 15 (24) , 8820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248820
  18. Stephen Strassburg, Kai Mayer, Thomas Scheibel. Functionalization of biopolymer fibers with magnetic nanoparticles. Physical Sciences Reviews 2022, 7 (10) , 1091-1117. https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0118
  19. Stefan H. Bossmann, Macy M. Payne, Mausam Kalita, Reece M. D. Bristow, Ayda Afshar, Ayomi S. Perera. Iron-Based Magnetic Nanosystems for Diagnostic Imaging and Drug Delivery: Towards Transformative Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14 (10) , 2093. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102093
  20. Pratikshkumar R. Patel, Amarnath Singam, Arun Dadwal, Rathna Venkata Naga Gundloori. Blend of neem oil based polyesteramide as magnetic nanofiber mat for efficient cancer therapy. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2022, 75 , 103629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103629
  21. Ivana Jarak, Inês Silva, Cátia Domingues, Ana Isabel Santos, Francisco Veiga, Ana Figueiras. Nanofiber Carriers of Therapeutic Load: Current Trends. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2022, 23 (15) , 8581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158581
  22. Francesca Garello, Yulia Svenskaya, Bogdan Parakhonskiy, Miriam Filippi. Micro/Nanosystems for Magnetic Targeted Delivery of Bioagents. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14 (6) , 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061132
  23. Maria Nerantzaki, Aude Michel, Laurence Petit, Maylis Garnier, Christine Ménager, Nébéwia Griffete. Biotinylated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for cancer cell targeting and controlled drug delivery. Chemical Communications 2022, 58 (37) , 5642-5645. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC00740A
  24. Shilu Zhu, Yin Chen, Guangli Liu, Haisheng Qian, Fuzhou Niu, Ying Wang, Yuliang Zhao, Tingting Luo, Runhuai Yang. External Field‐Driven Untethered Microrobots for Targeted Cargo Delivery. Advanced Materials Technologies 2022, 7 (5) https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101256
  25. Devan L. Puhl, Divya Mohanraj, Derek W. Nelson, Ryan J. Gilbert. Designing electrospun fiber platforms for efficient delivery of genetic material and genome editing tools. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2022, 183 , 114161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114161
  26. Amrendra K. Tiwari, Pavan K. Yadav, Keerti Mishra, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Manish K. Chourasia. Magnetic nanoparticles. 2022, 235-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85041-4.00018-4
  27. Paula I.P. Soares, João Paulo Borges. Recent advances in magnetic electrospun nanofibers for cancer theranostics application. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 2021, 31 (6) , 835-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2021.11.003
  28. Ziwei Zhang, Connor J.R. Wells, Gemma-Louise Davies, Gareth R. Williams. The effect of formulation morphology on stimuli-triggered co-delivery of chemotherapeutic and MRI contrast agents. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2021, 609 , 121155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121155
  29. Prina Mehta, Manoochehr Rasekh, Mohammed Patel, Ekhoerose Onaiwu, Kazem Nazari, I. Kucuk, Philippe B. Wilson, Muhammad Sohail Arshad, Zeeshan Ahmad, Ming-Wei Chang. Recent applications of electrical, centrifugal, and pressurised emerging technologies for fibrous structure engineering in drug delivery, regenerative medicine and theranostics. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2021, 175 , 113823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.033
  30. Hessam Jafari, Ziba Atlasi, Gholam Reza Mahdavinia, Somayeh Hadifar, Mohammad Sabzi. Magnetic κ-carrageenan/chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels with controlled sunitinib release. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2021, 124 , 112042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2021.112042
  31. Li Jingcheng, Vundrala Sumedha Reddy, Wanasinghe A. D. M. Jayathilaka, Amutha Chinnappan, Seeram Ramakrishna, Rituparna Ghosh. Intelligent Polymers, Fibers and Applications. Polymers 2021, 13 (9) , 1427. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091427
  32. Hao-Ran Yu, Qing Shen. Fabrication, characterization and drug release behaviors of chitosan microfibers loaded with herbal or non-herbal drugs. The Journal of The Textile Institute 2021, 112 (4) , 676-682. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1775033
  33. Sijie Zhou, Liangjun Xia, Zhuan Fu, Chunhua Zhang, Xiangyu Duan, Shiyu Zhang, Yunli Wang, Cailing Ding, Xin Liu, Weilin Xu. Purification of dye-contaminated ethanol-water mixture using magnetic cellulose powders derived from agricultural waste biomass. Carbohydrate Polymers 2021, 258 , 117690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117690
  34. Paula I.P. Soares, Joana Romão, Ricardo Matos, Jorge Carvalho Silva, João Paulo Borges. Design and engineering of magneto-responsive devices for cancer theranostics: Nano to macro perspective. Progress in Materials Science 2021, 116 , 100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100742
  35. Kevser Kuşat, Sinan Akgöl. Advanced Functional Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Drug, Sensor, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. 2021, 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64410-9_10
  36. M. Samim, Aarzoo. Hyaluronic acid-magnetic nanocomposites for gene delivery. 2021, 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821230-1.00011-6
  37. Andreza M Ribeiro, Thais H. S. Flores-Sahagun. Application of stimulus-sensitive polymers in wound healing formulation. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials 2020, 69 (15) , 979-989. https://doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2019.1655744
  38. Sanaz Gholami, Sheyda Labbaf, Ahmad Kermanpur, Arezou Baharlou Houreh, Chaojie Luo, Mohan Edirisinghe, Mohammad‐Hossein Nasr Esfahani. Poly(Caprolactone)‐Poly( N ‐Isopropyl Acrylamide)‐Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic Nanofibrous Structure with Stimuli Responsive Drug Release. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 2020, 305 (9) https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202000208
  39. Ioan Bica, Eugen Mircea Anitas. Graphene Platelets-Based Magnetoactive Materials with Tunable Magnetoelectric and Magnetodielectric Properties. Nanomaterials 2020, 10 (9) , 1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091783
  40. Ziwei Zhang, Connor J. R. Wells, Aaron M. King, Joseph C. Bear, Gemma-Louise Davies, Gareth R. Williams. pH-Responsive nanocomposite fibres allowing MRI monitoring of drug release. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2020, 8 (32) , 7264-7274. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB01033B
  41. Shuting Zhang, Peng Yu, Yi Zhang, Zequn Ma, Kaixuan Teng, Xiantong Hu, Limei Lu, Yihe Zhang, Yantao Zhao, Qi An. Remarkably Boosted Molecular Delivery Triggered by Combined Thermal and Flexoelectrical Field Dual Stimuli. ChemistrySelect 2020, 5 (22) , 6715-6722. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202000423
  42. Rajesh Vadlapatla, Zhijun Wang, Priyank Kumar, Nina Pavuluri. Use of Physical Approaches for Systemic Drug Delivery. 2020, 299-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54490-4_11
  43. Shadpour Mallakpour, Maryam Tukhani. Green organo-modification of cyclodextrin metal oxide hybrids: Characterization, properties, and applications. 2020, 379-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819539-0.00015-4
  44. Osama M. Darwesh, Sameh S. Ali, Ibrahim A. Matter, Tamer Elsamahy, Yehia A. Mahmoud. Enzymes immobilization onto magnetic nanoparticles to improve industrial and environmental applications. 2020, 481-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2019.11.006
  45. Yazhen Wang, Zhen Shi, Yu Sun, Xueying Wu, Shuang Li, Shaobo Dong, Tianyu Lan. Preparation of amphiphilic magnetic polyvinyl alcohol targeted drug carrier and drug delivery research. Designed Monomers and Polymers 2020, 23 (1) , 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2020.1837442
  46. Elizabeth J. Bealer, Kyril Kavetsky, Sierra Dutko, Samuel Lofland, Xiao Hu. Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Magnetic Composite Materials for Medical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21 (1) , 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010186
  47. Xiang‐Yun Du, Qing Li, Guan Wu, Su Chen. Multifunctional Micro/Nanoscale Fibers Based on Microfluidic Spinning Technology. Advanced Materials 2019, 31 (52) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903733
  48. Aitang Zhang, Kenward Jung, Aihua Li, Jingquan Liu, Cyrille Boyer. Recent advances in stimuli-responsive polymer systems for remotely controlled drug release. Progress in Polymer Science 2019, 99 , 101164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101164
  49. Ranjeetkumar Gupta, Ketan Pancholi, Rulston De Sa, Duncan Murray, Dehong Huo, Ghazi Droubi, Maggie White, James Njuguna. Effect of Oleic Acid Coating of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Properties of Magnetic Polyamide-6 Nanocomposite. JOM 2019, 71 (9) , 3119-3128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03622-5
  50. Ruquan Zhang, Boya Zhang, Wenjun Dou, Ying Wu, Lei Luo. Preparation of Nano-Fe3O4/Nylon Composite Fabric with Magnetic Properties by Post Finishing Method. Fibers and Polymers 2019, 20 (7) , 1396-1403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-1242-5
  51. Suzana Natour, Anat Levi-Zada, Raed Abu-Reziq. Magnetic Polyurea Nano-Capsules Synthesized via Interfacial Polymerization in Inverse Nano-Emulsion. Molecules 2019, 24 (14) , 2663. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142663
  52. Ayomi S. Perera, Marc-Olivier Coppens. Re-designing materials for biomedical applications: from biomimicry to nature-inspired chemical engineering. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2019, 377 (2138) , 20180268. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0268
  53. Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Pattubala Adinaraya Reddy, Chandragiri Venkata Reddy, Nagaraj P. Shetti, Bhatula Babu, Koutavarapu Ravindranadh, Muthukonda Venkatakrishnan Shankar, Madhava C. Reddy, Sarvesh Soni, Shivalingegowda Naveen. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles/biopolymer hybrids: Synthesis methods, properties and biomedical applications. 2019, 227-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2019.04.005
  54. Lei Jiang, Chen Su, Shan Ye, Jimin Wu, Zhongjie Zhu, Yanyi Wen, Rui Zhang, Wei Shao. Synergistic antibacterial effect of tetracycline hydrochloride loaded functionalized graphene oxide nanostructures. Nanotechnology 2018, 29 (50) , 505102. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aae424
  55. Paige M. Price, Waleed E. Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi, Lyudmila M. Bronstein. Magnetic Drug Delivery: Where the Field Is Going. Frontiers in Chemistry 2018, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00619
  56. Jorge Fernández, Isabel A.C. Ribeiro, Victor Martin, Olatz L. Martija, Ester Zuza, Ana F. Bettencourt, Jose-Ramon Sarasua. Release mechanisms of urinary tract antibiotics when mixed with bioabsorbable polyesters. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2018, 93 , 529-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.008
  57. Md Musavvir Mahmud, Asma Perveen, Md Abdul Matin, M Tarik Arafat. Effects of binary solvent mixtures on the electrospinning behavior of poly (vinyl alcohol). Materials Research Express 2018, 5 (11) , 115407. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aadf1f
  58. Phoebe L. Heseltine, Jubair Ahmed, Mohan Edirisinghe. Developments in Pressurized Gyration for the Mass Production of Polymeric Fibers. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 2018, 303 (9) https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800218
Download PDF

  • Abstract

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 1

    Figure 1. Making polymer-based fibers via infusion gyration. (A) Schematic diagram of the spinning process. (B) High-speed camera image of the spinning cylinder showing fiber formation.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 2

    Figure 2. PVA–MNP fibers (5% (w/w)). (A,B) Optical microscopy images, (C,D) SEM images, and (E,F) SEM dot mapping: the red dots indicate the presence of Fe in fibers.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 3

    Figure 3. Characterization of chemical composition and magnetic content of the PVA–MNP fibers. (A) FTIR spectrum, (B) elemental analysis using EDX, (C) area of fiber sample subject to EDX analysis, and (D) mass magnetization behavior of the MNP–PVA fiber sample.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 4

    Figure 4. Drug release experiments using magnetic fibers. (A) Loading of acetaminophen onto the fibers, (B) control experiment without any actuation, and (C) fiber–drug system actuated via an external magnet.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 5

    Figure 5. Use of magnetic fibers for controlled release of acetaminophen with and without magnetic actuation. (A) Chemical structure and UV–vis absorption spectrum of acetaminophen, (B) cumulative weight percentages of acetaminophen released with time. Here, the control experiment represents the equivalent release of acetaminophen without magnetic (or any other type of) actuation. (C) Effect of magnetic actuation on drug release with time: the difference between actuated and nonactuated cumulative release curves. (D) Ratio of acetaminophen release from actuated and nonactuated fibers.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

  • References

    ARTICLE SECTIONS
    Jump To

    This article references 61 other publications.

    1. 1
      Ulbrich, K.; Holá, K.; Šubr, V.; Bakandritsos, A.; Tuček, J.; Zbořil, R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 5338– 5431,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589
      Google Scholar
      1
      Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies
      Ulbrich, Karel; Hola, Katerina; Subr, Vladimir; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Tucek, Jiri; Zboril, Radek
      Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2016), 116 (9), 5338-5431CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
      Targeted delivery combined with controlled drug release has a pivotal role in the future of personalized medicine. This review covers the principles, advantages, and drawbacks of passive and active targeting based on various polymer and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle carriers with drug attached by both covalent and noncovalent pathways. Attention is devoted to the tailored conjugation of targeting ligands (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, peptides) to drug carrier systems. Similarly, the approaches toward controlled drug release are discussed. Various polymer-drug conjugates based, for example, on polyethylene glycol (PEG), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), polymeric micelles, and nanoparticle carriers are explored with respect to absorption, distribution, metab., and excretion (ADME scheme) of administrated drug. Design and structure of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and condensed magnetic clusters are classified according to the mechanism of noncovalent drug loading involving hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, coordination chem., and encapsulation in porous materials. Principles of covalent conjugation of drugs with SPIONs including thermo- and pH-degradable bonds, amide linkage, redox-cleavable bonds, and enzymically-cleavable bonds are also thoroughly described. Finally, results of clin. trials obtained with polymeric and magnetic carriers are analyzed highlighting the potential advantages and future directions in targeted anticancer therapy.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XmsFCksr8%253D&md5=7be43f31bde1e683328259580f9256b7
    2. 2
      Wang, Y.; Kohane, D. S. External triggering and triggered targeting strategies for drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2017, 2, 17020,  DOI: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.20
      Google Scholar
      2
      External triggering and triggered targeting strategies for drug delivery
      Wang, Yanfei; Kohane, Daniel S.
      Nature Reviews Materials (2017), 2 (2), 17020CODEN: NRMADL; ISSN:2058-8437. (Nature Publishing Group)
      A review. Drug delivery systems that are externally triggered to release drugs and/or target tissues hold considerable promise for improving the treatment of many diseases by minimizing nonspecific toxicity and enhancing the efficacy of therapy. These drug delivery systems are constructed from materials that are sensitive to a wide range of external stimuli, including light, ultrasound, elec. and magnetic fields, and specific mols. The responsiveness conferred by these materials allows the release of therapeutics to be triggered on demand and remotely by a physician or patient. In this Review, we describe the rationales for such systems and the types of stimuli that can be deployed, and provide an outlook for the field.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXnsVaiurs%253D&md5=65224bd6e1a7ec1c67ac5eaa3f66688a
    3. 3
      Chandna, A.; Batra, D.; Kakar, S.; Singh, R. A review on target drug delivery: magnetic microspheres. J. Acute Dis. 2013, 2, 189– 195,  DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60125-0
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    4. 4
      Arruebo, M.; Fernández-Pacheco, R.; Ibarra, M. R.; Santamaría, J. Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nano Today 2007, 2, 22– 32,  DOI: 10.1016/s1748-0132(07)70084-1
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    5. 5
      Jurgons, R.; Seliger, C.; Hilpert, A.; Trahms, L.; Odenbach, S.; Alexiou, C. Drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2006, 18, S2893,  DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/s24
      Google Scholar
      5
      Drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy
      Jurgons, R.; Seliger, C.; Hilpert, A.; Trahms, L.; Odenbach, S.; Alexiou, C.
      Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2006), 18 (38), S2893-S2902CODEN: JCOMEL; ISSN:0953-8984. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
      Magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated for biomedical applications for more than 30 years. In medicine they are used for several approaches such as magnetic cell sepn. or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The development of biocompatible nanosized drug delivery systems for specific targeting of therapeutics is the focus of medical research, esp. for the treatment of cancer and diseases of the vascular system. In an exptl. cancer model, the authors performed targeted drug delivery and used magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, bound to a chemotherapeutic agent, which were attracted to an exptl. tumor in rabbits by an external magnetic field (magnetic drug targeting). Complete tumor remission could be achieved. An important advantage of these carriers is the possibility for detecting these nanoparticles after treatment with common imaging techniques (i.e. x-ray-tomog., magnetorelaxometry, magnetic resonance imaging), which can be correlated to histol.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFelsr%252FK&md5=7f343d0aa507ca11ce06e218d23579a2
    6. 6
      Perera, A. S. Sustainable Magnetic Nanocatalysts in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Magnetic Nanomaterials: Applications in Catalysis and Life Sciences; Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017; Chapter 4, pp 99– 119.
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    7. 7
      Hoare, T.; Timko, B. P.; Santamaria, J.; Goya, G. F.; Irusta, S.; Lau, S.; Stefanescu, C. F.; Lin, D.; Langer, R.; Kohane, D. S. Magnetically Triggered Nanocomposite Membranes: A Versatile Platform for Triggered Drug Release. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1395– 1400,  DOI: 10.1021/nl200494t
      Google Scholar
      7
      Magnetically triggered nanocomposite membranes: A versatile platform for triggered drug release
      Hoare, Todd; Timko, Brian P.; Santamaria, Jesus; Goya, Gerardo F.; Irusta, Silvia; Lau, Samantha; Stefanescu, Cristina F.; Lin, Debora; Langer, Robert; Kohane, Daniel S.
      Nano Letters (2011), 11 (3), 1395-1400CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
      Drug delivery devices based on nanocomposite membranes contg. thermoresponsive nanogels and superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been demonstrated to provide reversible, on-off drug release upon application (and removal) of an oscillating magnetic field. We show that the dose of drug delivered across the membrane can be tuned by engineering the phase transition temp. of the nanogel, the loading d. of nanogels in the membrane, and the membrane thickness, allowing for on-state delivery of model drugs over at least 2 orders of magnitude (0.1-10 μg/h). The zero-order kinetics of drug release across the membranes permit drug doses from a specific device to be tuned according to the duration of the magnetic field. Drugs over a broad range of mol. wts. (500-40000 Da) can be delivered by the same membrane device. Membrane-to-membrane and cycle-to-cycle reproducibility is demonstrated, suggesting the general utility of these membranes for drug delivery.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXisVWrsLo%253D&md5=6fee69c942847b2d5adc41bb9745ef64
    8. 8
      Oliveira, H.; Pérez-Andrés, E.; Thevenot, J.; Sandre, O.; Berra, E.; Lecommandoux, S. Magnetic field triggered drug release from polymersomes for cancer therapeutics. J. Controlled Release 2013, 169, 165– 170,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.013
      Google Scholar
      8
      Magnetic field triggered drug release from polymersomes for cancer therapeutics
      Oliveira, Hugo; Perez-Andres, Encarnacion; Thevenot, Julie; Sandre, Olivier; Berra, Edurne; Lecommandoux, Sebastien
      Journal of Controlled Release (2013), 169 (3), 165-170CODEN: JCREEC; ISSN:0168-3659. (Elsevier B.V.)
      Local and temporal control of drug release has for long been a main focus in the development of novel drug carriers. Polymersomes, which can load both hydrophilic and hydrophobic species and, at the same time, be tailored to respond to a desired stimulus, have drawn much attention over the last decade. Here the authors describe polymersomes able to encapsulate up to 6% (wt./wt.) of doxorubicin (DOX) together with 30% (wt./wt.) of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO; γ-Fe2O3). Upon internalization in HeLa cells and when a high frequency AC magnetic field (14 mT at 750 kHz) was applied, the developed delivery system elicited an 18% increase in cell toxicity, assocd. with augmented DOX release kinetics. In order to ensure that the obsd. cytotoxicity arose from the increased doxorubicin release and not from a pure magnetic hyperthermia effect, polymersomes loaded with magnetic nanoparticles alone were also tested. In this case, no increased toxicity was obsd. The authors hypothesize that the magnetic field is inducing a very local hyperthermia effect at the level of the polymersome membrane, increasing drug release. This approach opens new perspectives in the development of smart delivery systems able to release drug upon demand and therefore, improving treatment control.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXisVGmsb4%253D&md5=1449d8378d16d5b18886df2043bbac54
    9. 9
      Lee, J.-H.; Ivkov, R.; Blumenthal, R. Magnetically Triggered Drug Release from Liposome Embedded Gel. J. Nanomed. Biother. Discovery 2014, 4, 130– 136,  DOI: 10.4172/2155-983x.1000130
      Google Scholar
      9
      Magnetically triggered drug release from liposome embedded gel
      Lee, Jae-Ho; Ivkov, Robert; Blumenthal, Robert
      Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery (2014), 4 (3), 130/1-130/6CODEN: JNBDB3; ISSN:2155-983X. (OMICS Publishing Group)
      Triggering drug release in tumor or disease sites at specific times can be one approach to treat diseases efficiently by limiting side effects from high systemic or off-target exposure. In this study we investigated triggered drug release of a liposome gel by magnetic heating from Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles (IMN). The liposome gel was prepd. by self-assembly of drug encapsulated liposomes, IMN, and hydrophobically-modified chitosan (hmC) soln. The triggering release of the liposome gel was investigated in the Alternating Magnetic Field (AMF). In addn., AMF effect in cell toxicity of the doxorubicin liposome was evaluated. Drug release from the liposome gel via AMF demonstrated triggered release and enhanced cancer cell killing effect.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXnsleqtrs%253D&md5=3c8b60b2985eb964ba5e14d0b730e2ac
    10. 10
      Bi, H.; Ma, S.; Li, Q.; Han, X. Magnetically triggered drug release from biocompatible microcapsules for potential cancer therapeutics. J. Mater. Chem. B 2016, 4, 3269– 3277,  DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02464a
      Google Scholar
      10
      Magnetically triggered drug release from biocompatible microcapsules for potential cancer therapeutics
      Bi, Hongmei; Ma, Shenghua; Li, Qingchuan; Han, Xiaojun
      Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine (2016), 4 (19), 3269-3277CODEN: JMCBDV; ISSN:2050-7518. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      This paper demonstrates that magnetic field triggered drug release from magnetic lipid microcapsules (MLMs) in a controlled manner. Two types of MLMs were fabricated, i.e., MLMs with neg. charged magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) inside and MLMs with pos. charged MNPs on their surfaces. The release of carboxyfluorescein (CF) and the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (Dox) induced by the AC magnetic field (AMF) was investigated in detail both exptl. and theor. Although the drug release of these two types of MLMs synchronizes the switch of the AMF, they exhibited different mechanisms. The magnetic heating effect dominates the release of MLMs with MNPs inside, while both magnetic heating and oscillation effects play important roles in the release of MLMs with MNPs on the surfaces. The in vitro cytotoxicity expts. of Dox loaded microcapsules toward HeLa cells were further performed, which confirmed that these magnetic responsive drug carriers had obvious effects on cell death triggered by the external non-invasive AMF.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xltlakurc%253D&md5=77b101d83ce0fe96b63fc3250e08c077
    11. 11
      Hoare, T.; Timko, B. P.; Santamaria, J.; Goya, G. F.; Irusta, S.; Lau, S.; Stefanescu, C. F.; Lin, D.; Langer, R.; Kohane, D. S. Magnetically-triggered Nanocomposite Membranes: a Versatile Platform for Triggered Drug Release. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1395– 1400,  DOI: 10.1021/nl200494t
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    12. 12
      Veiseh, O.; Gunn, J. W.; Zhang, M. Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2010, 62, 284– 304,  DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.002
      Google Scholar
      12
      Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging
      Veiseh, Omid; Gunn, Jonathan W.; Zhang, Miqin
      Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2010), 62 (3), 284-304CODEN: ADDREP; ISSN:0169-409X. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A review. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of non-invasive imaging agents that have been developed for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. These MNPs have traditionally been used for disease imaging via passive targeting, but recent advances have opened the door to cellular-specific targeting, drug delivery, and multi-modal imaging by these nanoparticles. As more elaborate MNPs are envisioned, adherence to proper design criteria (e.g. size, coating, mol. functionalization) becomes even more essential. This review summarizes the design parameters that affect MNP performance in vivo, including the physicochem. properties and nanoparticle surface modifications, such as MNP coating and targeting ligand functionalization that can enhance MNP management of biol. barriers. A careful review of the chemistries used to modify the surfaces of MNPs is also given, with attention paid to optimizing the activity of bound ligands while maintaining favorable physicochem. properties.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXit1Ont7s%253D&md5=2de920152c2119cf6d770cba27277315
    13. 13
      Gobbo, O. L.; Sjaastad, K.; Radomski, M. W.; Volkov, Y.; Prina-Mello, A. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics. Theranostics 2015, 5, 1249– 1263,  DOI: 10.7150/thno.11544
      Google Scholar
      13
      Magnetic nanoparticles in cancer theranostics
      Gobbo, Oliviero L.; Sjaastad, Kristine; Radomski, Marek W.; Volkov, Yuri; Prina-Mello, Adriele
      Theranostics (2015), 5 (11), 1249-1263CODEN: THERDS; ISSN:1838-7640. (Ivyspring International Publisher)
      In a report from 2008, The International Agency for Research on Cancer predicted a tripled cancer incidence from 1975, projecting a possible 13-17 million cancer deaths worldwide by 2030. While new treatments are evolving and reaching approval for different cancer types, the main prevention of cancer mortality is through early diagnosis, detection and treatment of malignant cell growth. The last decades have seen a development of new imaging techniques now in widespread clin. use. The development of nano-imaging through fluorescent imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to detect and diagnose cancer at an earlier stage than with current imaging methods. The characteristic properties of nanoparticles result in their theranostic potential allowing for simultaneous detection of and treatment of the disease. This review provides state of the art of the nanotechnol. applications for cancer therapy. Furthermore, it advances a novel concept of personalized nanomedical theranostic therapy using iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in conjunction with MRI imaging. Regulatory and industrial perspectives are also included to outline future perspectives in nanotechnol. cancer research.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XptlWiu7Y%253D&md5=ed4f8ae8c37b4474a2b8943b645f7e39
    14. 14
      Sun, C.; Lee, J.; Zhang, M. Magnetic Nanoparticles in MR Imaging and Drug Delivery. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2008, 60, 1252– 1265,  DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.018
      Google Scholar
      14
      Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery
      Sun, Conroy; Lee, Jerry S. H.; Zhang, Miqin
      Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2008), 60 (11), 1252-1265CODEN: ADDREP; ISSN:0169-409X. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A review. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) possess unique magnetic properties and the ability to function at the cellular and mol. level of biol. interactions making them an attractive platform as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and as carriers for drug delivery. Recent advances in nanotechnol. have improved the ability to specifically tailor the features and properties of MNPs for these biomedical applications. To better address specific clin. needs, MNPs with higher magnetic moments, non-fouling surfaces, and increased functionalities are now being developed for applications in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of malignant tumors, cardiovascular disease, and neurol. disease. Through the incorporation of highly specific targeting agents and other functional ligands, such as fluorophores and permeation enhancers, the applicability and efficacy of these MNPs have greatly increased. This review provides a background on applications of MNPs as MR imaging contrast agents and as carriers for drug delivery and an overview of the recent developments in this area of research.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXosVOnsro%253D&md5=2f719e491df6cdb3c8a41a60f7734cf4
    15. 15
      Qureshi, A.; Gurbuz, Y.; Niazi, J. H. Biosensors for cardiac biomarkers detection: A review. Sens. Actuators, B 2012, 171, 62– 76,  DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.05.077
      Google Scholar
      15
      Biosensors for cardiac biomarkers detection: A review
      Qureshi, Anjum; Gurbuz, Yasar; Niazi, Javed H.
      Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical (2012), 171-172 (), 62-76CODEN: SABCEB; ISSN:0925-4005. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A review. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered as a major threat to global health. Therefore, there is a growing demand for a range of portable, rapid and low cost biosensing devices for the detection of CVD. Biosensors can play an important role in the early diagnosis of CVD without having to rely on hospital visits where expensive and time-consuming lab. tests are recommended. Over the last decade, many biosensors have been developed to detect a wide range of cardiac marker to reduce the costs for healthcare. One of the major challenges is to find a way of predicting the risk that an individual can suffer from CVD. There has been considerable interest in finding diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that can be detected in blood and predict CVD risk. Of these, C-reactive protein (CRP) is the best known biomarker followed by cardiac troponin I or T (cTnI/T), myoglobin, lipoprotein-assocd. phospholipase A(2), interlukin-6 (IL-6), interlukin-1 (IL-1), low-d. lipoprotein (LDL), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has been used to predict cardiovascular events. This review provides an overview of the available biosensor platforms for the detection of various CVD markers and considerations of future prospects for the technol. are addressed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xos12ns74%253D&md5=755c160aad2ab369282c31c344519e02
    16. 16
      Gao, Y.; Lim, J.; Teoh, S.-H.; Xu, C. Emerging translational research on magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 6306– 6329,  DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00322e
      Google Scholar
      16
      Emerging translational research on magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine
      Gao, Yu; Lim, Jing; Teoh, Swee-Hin; Xu, Chenjie
      Chemical Society Reviews (2015), 44 (17), 6306-6329CODEN: CSRVBR; ISSN:0306-0012. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      Regenerative medicine, which replaces or regenerates human cells, tissues or organs, to restore or establish normal function, is one of the fastest-evolving interdisciplinary fields in health care. Over 200 regenerative medicine products, including cell-based therapies, tissue-engineered biomaterials, scaffolds and implantable devices, have been used in clin. development for diseases such as diabetes and inflammatory and immune diseases. To facilitate the translation of regenerative medicine from research to clinic, nanotechnol., esp. magnetic nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention due to their unique optical, elec., and magnetic properties and specific dimensions. In this review paper, we intend to summarize current advances, challenges, and future opportunities of magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVSgsLfM&md5=f62f02d98ba06361eb668f4fe49fedb3
    17. 17
      Hergt, R.; Dutz, S.; Müller, R.; Zeisberger, M. Magnetic particle hyperthermia: nanoparticle magnetism and materials development for cancer therapy. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2006, 18, S2919,  DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/s26
      Google Scholar
      17
      Magnetic particle hyperthermia: nanoparticle magnetism and materials development for cancer therapy
      Hergt, Rudolf; Dutz, Silvio; Mueller, Robert; Zeisberger, Matthias
      Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2006), 18 (38), S2919-S2934CODEN: JCOMEL; ISSN:0953-8984. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
      Loss processes in magnetic nanoparticles are discussed with respect to optimization of the specific loss power (SLP) for application in tumor hyperthermia. Several types of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles representative for different prepn. methods (wet chem. pptn., grinding, bacterial synthesis, magnetic size fractionation) are the subject of a comparative study of structural and magnetic properties. Since the specific loss power useful for hyperthermia is restricted by serious limitations of the alternating field amplitude and frequency, the effects of the latter are investigated exptl. in detail. The dependence of the SLP on the mean particle size is studied over a broad size range from superparamagnetic up to multidomain particles, and guidelines for achieving large SLP under the constraints valid for the field parameters are derived. Particles with the mean size of 18 nm having a narrow size distribution proved particularly useful. In particular, very high heating power may be delivered by bacterial magnetosomes, the best sample of which showed nearly 1 kW g-1 at 410 kHz and 10 kA m-1. This value may even be exceeded by metallic magnetic particles, as indicated by measurements on cobalt particles.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFelsr%252FE&md5=76bdb844f818e8a37f7cc9efbd39e09b
    18. 18
      Pankhurst, Q. A.; Thanh, N. T. K.; Jones, S. K.; Dobson, J. Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2009, 42, 224001,  DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/42/22/224001
      Google Scholar
      18
      Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine
      Pankhurst, Q. A.; Thanh, N. K. T.; Jones, S. K.; Dobson, J.
      Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics (2009), 42 (22), 224001/1-224001/15CODEN: JPAPBE; ISSN:0022-3727. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
      A review and progress report on a selection of scientific, technol., and com. advances in the biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles since 2003. Particular attention is paid to (1) magnetic actuation for in vitro nonviral transfection and tissue engineering and in vivo drug delivery and gene therapy, (2) recent clin. results for magnetic hyperthermia treatments of brain and prostate cancer via direct injection, and continuing efforts to develop new agents suitable for targeted hyperthermia following i.v. injection, and (3) developments in medical sensing technologies involving a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, and the invention of magnetic particle imaging as a new modality. Ongoing prospects are also discussed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhsFeksr%252FM&md5=b18381643f157f66a155154560582b25
    19. 19
      Fusco, S.; Huang, H.-W.; Peyer, K. E.; Peters, C.; Häberli, M.; Ulbers, A.; Spyrogianni, A.; Pellicer, E.; Sort, J.; Pratsinis, S. E.; Nelson, B. J.; Sakar, M. S.; Pané, S. Shape-Switching Microrobots for Medical Applications: The Influence of Shape in Drug Delivery and Locomotion. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 6803– 6811,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00181
      Google Scholar
      19
      Shape-Switching Microrobots for Medical Applications: The Influence of Shape in Drug Delivery and Locomotion
      Fusco, Stefano; Huang, Hen-Wei; Peyer, Kathrin E.; Peters, Christian; Haberli, Moritz; Ulbers, Andre; Spyrogianni, Anastasia; Pellicer, Eva; Sort, Jordi; Pratsinis, Sotiris E.; Nelson, Bradley J.; Sakar, Mahmut Selman; Pane, Salvador
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2015), 7 (12), 6803-6811CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      The effect of dynamic shape switching of hydrogel bilayers on the performance of self-folding microrobots is investigated for navigation in body orifices and drug release on demand. Tubular microrobots are fabricated by coupling a thermoresponsive hydrogel nanocomposite with a poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) layer, to achieve spontaneous and reversible folding from a planar rectangular structure. Graphene oxide (GO) or silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are dispersed in the thermoresponsive hydrogel matrix to provide near-IR (NIR) light sensitivity or magnetic actuation, resp. The NIR light-responsive microstructures are fabricated for triggered drug delivery while magnetic nanocomposite-based microrobots are used to analyze the role of shape in locomotion. Exptl. anal. and computational simulations of tubular structures show that drug release and motility can be optimized through controlled shape change. These concepts are finally applied to helical microrobots to show a possible way to achieve autonomous behavior.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXjvFygur4%253D&md5=d00aa683b1205cc70259476c42e722d3
    20. 20
      Temel, F. Z.; Yesilyurt, S. Magnetically actuated micro swimming of bio-inspired robots in mini channels. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics , 13–15 April 2011, 2011; Vol. 2011, pp 342– 347.
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    21. 21
      Xu, T.; Yu, J.; Yan, X.; Choi, H.; Zhang, L. Magnetic Actuation Based Motion Control for Microrobots: An Overview. Micromachines 2015, 6, 1346– 1364,  DOI: 10.3390/mi6091346
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    22. 22
      Floyd, S.; Pawashe, C.; Sitti, M. An untethered magnetically actuated micro-robot capable of motion on arbitrary surfaces. 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation , 19–23 May 2008, 2008; Vol. 2008, pp 419– 424.
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    23. 23
      Thomas, C. R.; Ferris, D. P.; Lee, J.-H.; Choi, E.; Cho, M. H.; Kim, E. S.; Stoddart, J. F.; Shin, J.-S.; Cheon, J.; Zink, J. I. Noninvasive Remote-Controlled Release of Drug Molecules in Vitro Using Magnetic Actuation of Mechanized Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 10623– 10625,  DOI: 10.1021/ja1022267
      Google Scholar
      23
      Noninvasive Remote-Controlled Release of Drug Molecules in Vitro Using Magnetic Actuation of Mechanized Nanoparticles
      Thomas, Courtney R.; Ferris, Daniel P.; Lee, Jae-Hyun; Choi, Eunjoo; Cho, Mi Hyeon; Kim, Eun Sook; Stoddart, J. Fraser; Shin, Jeon-Soo; Cheon, Jinwoo; Zink, Jeffrey I.
      Journal of the American Chemical Society (2010), 132 (31), 10623-10625CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
      Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are useful nanomaterials that have demonstrated the ability to contain and release cargos with mediation by gatekeepers. Magnetic nanocrystals have the ability to exhibit hyperthermic effects when placed in an oscillating magnetic field. In a system combining these two materials and a thermally sensitive gatekeeper, a unique drug delivery system can be produced. A novel material that incorporates zinc-doped iron oxide nanocrystals within a mesoporous silica framework that has been surface-modified with pseudorotaxanes is described. Upon application of an AC magnetic field, the nanocrystals generate local internal heating, causing the mol. machines to disassemble and allowing the cargos (drugs) to be released. When breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were treated with doxorubicin-loaded particles and exposed to an AC field, cell death occurred. This material promises to be a noninvasive, externally controlled drug delivery system with cancer-killing properties.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXovFemsbY%253D&md5=82d4b0a6e1725868e92f6b445f755534
    24. 24
      Singh, R. K.; Patel, K. D.; Kim, J.-J.; Kim, T.-H.; Kim, J.-H.; Shin, U. S.; Lee, E.-J.; Knowles, J. C.; Kim, H.-W. Multifunctional Hybrid Nanocarrier: Magnetic CNTs Ensheathed with Mesoporous Silica for Drug Delivery and Imaging System. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 2201– 2208,  DOI: 10.1021/am4056936
      Google Scholar
      24
      Multifunctional hybrid nanocarrier: Magnetic CNTs ensheathed with mesoporous silica for drug delivery and imaging system
      Singh, Rajendra K.; Patel, Kapil D.; Kim, Jung-Ju; Kim, Tae-Hyun; Kim, Joong-Hyun; Shin, Ueon Sang; Lee, Eun-Jung; Know, Jonathan C.; Kim, Hae-Won
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2014), 6 (4), 2201-2208CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      Here we communicate the development of a novel multifunctional hybrid nanomaterial, magnetic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ensheathed with mesoporous silica, for the simultaneous applications of drug delivery and imaging. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were first decorated onto the multiwalled CNTs, which was then layered with mesoporous silica (mSiO2) to facilitate the loading of bioactive mols. to a large quantity while exerting magnetic properties. The hybrid nanomaterial showed a high mesoporosity due to the surface-layered mSiO2, and excellent magnetic properties, including magnetic resonance imaging in vitro and in vivo. The mesoporous and magnetic hybrid nanocarriers showed high loading capacity for therapeutic mols. including drug gentamicin and protein cytochrome C. In particular, genetic mol. siRNA was effectively loaded and then released over a period of days to a week. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocarriers exhibited a high cell uptake rate through magnetism, while eliciting favorable biol. efficacy within the cells. This novel hybrid multifunctional nanocarrier may be potentially applicable as drug delivery and imaging systems.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhsVOjt7k%253D&md5=6ee8b36dce5d081201205ec9ae117f0a
    25. 25
      Chen, J.-P.; Yang, P.-C.; Ma, Y.-H.; Tu, S.-J.; Lu, Y.-J. Targeted delivery of tissue plasminogen activator by binding to silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle. Int. J. Nanomed. 2012, 7, 5137– 5149,  DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36197
      Google Scholar
      25
      Targeted delivery of tissue plasminogen activator by binding to silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle
      Chen, Jyh-Ping; Yang, Pei-Ching; Ma, Yunn-Hwa; Tu, Su-Ju; Lu, Yu-Jen
      International Journal of Nanomedicine (2012), 7 (), 5137-5149CODEN: IJNNHQ; ISSN:1178-2013. (Dove Medical Press Ltd.)
      Background and Methods: Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SiO2-MNP) prepd. by the sol-gel method was studied as a nanocarrier for targeted delivery of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The nanocarrier consists of a superparamagnetic iron oxide core and an SiO2 shell and is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, superconducting quantum interference device and thermogravimetric anal. An amine-terminated surface silanizing agent (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) was used to functionalize the SiO2 surface, which provides abundant -NH2 functional groups for conjugating with tPA. Results: The optimum drug loading is reached when 0.5 mg/mL tPA is conjugated with 5 mg SiO2-MNP where 94% tPA is attached to the carrier with 86% retention of amidolytic activity and full retention of fibrinolytic activity. In vitro biocompatibility detd. by lactate dehydrogenase release and cell proliferation indicated that SiO2-MNP does not elicit cytotoxicity. Hematol. anal. of blood samples withdrawn from mice after venous administration indicates that tPA-conjugated SiO2-MNP (SiO2-MNP-tPA) did not alter blood component concns. After conjugating to SiO2-MNP, tPA showed enhanced storage stability in buffer and operation stability in whole blood up to 9.5- and 2.8-fold, resp. Effective thrombolysis with SiO2-MNP-tPA under magnetic guidance is demonstrated in an ex vivo thrombolysis model where 34% and 40% redns. in blood clot lysis time were obsd. compared with runs without magnetic targeting and with free tPA, resp., using the same drug dosage. Enhanced penetration of SiO2-MNP-tPA into blood clots under magnetic guidance was confirmed from microcomputed tomog. anal. Conclusion: Biocompatible SiO2-MNP developed in this study will be useful as a magnetic targeting drug carrier to improve clin. thrombolytic therapy.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhsFylu77J&md5=06e371575a7bc607830e99bf28b62ac6
    26. 26
      Mody, V. V.; Cox, A.; Shah, S.; Singh, A.; Bevins, W.; Parihar, H. Magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery systems for targeting tumor. Appl. Nanosci. 2014, 4, 385– 392,  DOI: 10.1007/s13204-013-0216-y
      Google Scholar
      26
      Magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery systems for targeting tumor
      Mody, Vicky V.; Cox, Arthur; Shah, Samit; Singh, Ajay; Bevins, Wesley; Parihar, Harish
      Applied Nanoscience (2014), 4 (4), 385-392CODEN: ANPACY; ISSN:2190-5517. (Springer GmbH)
      A review. Tumor hypoxia, or low oxygen concn., is a result of disordered vasculature that lead to distinctive hypoxic microenvironments not found in normal tissues. Many traditional anti-cancer agents are not able to penetrate into these hypoxic zones, whereas, conventional cancer therapies that work by blocking cell division are not effective to treat tumors within hypoxic zones. Under these circumstances the use of magnetic nanoparticles as a drug delivering agent system under the influence of external magnetic field has received much attention, based on their simplicity, ease of prepn., and ability to tailor their properties for specific biol. applications. Hence in this review article we have reviewed current magnetic drug delivery systems, along with their application and clin. status in the field of magnetic drug delivery.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXkslekurs%253D&md5=29cd54f12c903197dbe4753d0df89c88
    27. 27
      Leung, V.; Ko, F. Biomedical applications of nanofibers. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011, 22, 350– 365,  DOI: 10.1002/pat.1813
      Google Scholar
      27
      Biomedical applications of nanofibers
      Leung, Victor; Ko, Frank
      Polymers for Advanced Technologies (2011), 22 (3), 350-365CODEN: PADTE5; ISSN:1042-7147. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
      A review. Nanofiber technol. is an exciting area attracting the attention of many researchers as a potential soln. to the current challenges in the biomedical field such as burn and wound care, organ repair, and treatment for osteoporosis and various diseases. Nanofibers are attractive in this field for several reasons. First, surface area on nanofibers is much higher compared to bulk materials, which allows for enhanced adhesion of cells, proteins, and drugs. Second, nanofibers can be fabricated into sophisticated macro-scale structures. The ability to fabricate nanofibers allows renewed efforts in developing hierarchical structures that mimic those in animals and human. On top of that, a wide range of polymers can be fabricated into nanofibers to suit different applications. Nanofibers are most commonly fabricated through electrospinning, which is a low cost method that allows control over fiber morphol. and is capable of being scaled-up for mass prodn. This review explored two popular areas of biomedical nanofiber development: tissue regeneration and drug delivery, and included discussions on the basic principles for how nanofibers promote tissue regeneration and drug delivery, the parameters that affect nanofiber performance and the recent progress in these areas. The recent work on biomedical nanofibers showed that the large surface area on nanofibers could be translated into enhanced cell activities, drug encapsulation, and drug release rate control. Furthermore, by optimizing the electrospinning process via adjusting the material choices and fiber orientation, for example, further enhancement in cell differentiation and drug release control could be achieved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXitFaqtro%253D&md5=d99626c6e55577a80c60017a97da1402
    28. 28
      Suwantong, O. Biomedical applications of electrospun polycaprolactone fiber mats. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2016, 27, 1264– 1273,  DOI: 10.1002/pat.3876
      Google Scholar
      28
      Biomedical applications of electrospun polycaprolactone fiber mats
      Suwantong, Orawan
      Polymers for Advanced Technologies (2016), 27 (10), 1264-1273CODEN: PADTE5; ISSN:1042-7147. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
      A review. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester emerging into biomedical applications because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, chem. stability, thermal stability and good mech. properties. Electrospinning is a versatile method using electrostatic forces for fabricating continuous ultrafine fibers that offer various advantages such as high surface area and high porosity. Thus, this method has gained interest for use in many fields, esp. biomedical fields. This review focuses on researches and studies in electrospinning, PCL, electrospinning of PCL and also biomedical applications of the electrospun PCL fiber mats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xht1ygsLbN&md5=b5476692a142f279119e293a06aa1327
    29. 29
      Liu, H.; Ding, X.; Zhou, G.; Li, P.; Wei, X.; Fan, Y. Electrospinning of nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. J. Nanomater. 2013, 2013, 1– 11,  DOI: 10.1155/2013/495708
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    30. 30
      Rodríguez, K.; Gatenholm, P.; Renneckar, S. Electrospinning cellulosic nanofibers for biomedical applications: structure and in vitro biocompatibility. Cellulose 2012, 19, 1583– 1598,  DOI: 10.1007/s10570-012-9734-0
      Google Scholar
      30
      Electrospinning cellulosic nanofibers for biomedical applications: structure and in vitro biocompatibility
      Rodriguez, Katia; Gatenholm, Paul; Renneckar, Scott
      Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2012), 19 (5), 1583-1598CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
      Electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) was studied in relation to factors of solvent compn., polymer concn., and flow rate to elucidate how the processing parameters impact electrospun CA structure. Fibrous cellulose-based mats were produced from electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA, Mn = 30,000, DS = 2.45) in acetone, acetone/isopropanol (2:1), and acetone/dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (2:1) solns. The effect of CA concn. and flow rate was evaluated in acetone/DMAc (2:1) soln. The morphol. of electrospun CA mats was impacted by solvent system, polymer concn., and soln. flow rate. Fibers produced from acetone and the mixt. of acetone/isopropanol (2:1) exhibited a ribbon structure, while acetone/DMAc (2:1) system produced the common cylindrical fiber shape. It was detd. that the electrospinning of 17 % CA soln. in acetone/DMAc (2:1, wt./wt.) produced fibers with an av. fiber diam. in the submicron range and the lowest size distribution among the solvents tested. The soln. flow rate had a power law relationship of 0.26 with the CA fiber size for 17 % CA in acetone/DMAc (2:1). Solvent compn. and flow rate also impacted the stability of the network structure of the electrospun fibers. Only samples from acetone/DMAc (2:1) at soln. flow rates equal or higher than 1 mL/h produced fibrous meshes that were able to preserve their original network structure after deacetylation. These samples after regeneration showed no residual DMAc and exhibited no cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xht1eksL7E&md5=a026ff1ca2bd7e3cffa67a9edef646de
    31. 31
      Agarwal, S.; Wendorff, J. H.; Greiner, A. Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. Polymer 2008, 49, 5603– 5621,  DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.014
      Google Scholar
      31
      Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications
      Agarwal, Seema; Wendorff, Joachim H.; Greiner, Andreas
      Polymer (2008), 49 (26), 5603-5621CODEN: POLMAG; ISSN:0032-3861. (Elsevier Ltd.)
      A review. The electrospinning technique provides non-wovens to the order of few nanometers with large surface areas, ease of functionalization for various purposes and superior mech. properties. Also, the possibility of large scale productions combined with the simplicity of the process makes this technique very attractive for many different applications. Biomedical field is one of the important application areas among others utilizing the technique of electrospinning like filtration and protective material, elec. and optical applications, sensors, nanofiber reinforced composites etc. Electrospinning assembly can be modified in different ways for combining materials properties with different morphol. structures for these applications. The importance of electrospinning, in general, for biomedical applications like tissue engineering drug release, wound dressing, enzyme immobilization etc. is highlighted in this feature article. The focus is also on the types of materials that were electrospun and the modifications that were carried out in conventional electrospinning app. keeping in view the specific needs for various biomedical applications.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhsVKht7jN&md5=971aba42f737038323ca3c8fdb1ccba4
    32. 32
      Ashammakhi, N.; Ndreu, A.; Piras, A. M.; Nikkola, L.; Sindelar, T.; Jukola, H.; Harlin, A.; Gomes, M. E.; Neves, N. M.; Chiellini, E.; Chiellini, F.; Hasirci, V.; Redl, H.; Reis, R. L. Biodegradable nanomats produced by electrospinning: Expanding multifunctionality and potential for tissue engineering. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2007, 7, 862– 882,  DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.485
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    33. 33
      Teo, W.-E.; He, W.; Ramakrishna, S. Electrospun scaffold tailored for tissue-specific extracellular matrix. Biotechnol. J. 2006, 1, 918– 929,  DOI: 10.1002/biot.200600044
      Google Scholar
      33
      Electrospun scaffold tailored for tissue-specific extracellular matrix
      Teo, Wee-Eong; He, Wei; Ramakrishna, Seeram
      Biotechnology Journal (2006), 1 (9), 918-929CODEN: BJIOAM; ISSN:1860-6768. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      A review. The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structure that is built to meet the specific requirements of the tissue and organ. Primarily consisting of nanometer diam. fibrils, ECM may contain other vital substances such as proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycan and various minerals. Current research in tissue engineering involves trying to replicate the ECM such that it provides the environment for tissue regeneration. Electrospinning is a versatile process that results in nanofibers by applying a high voltage to elec. charge a liq. A variety of polymers and other substances have been incorporated into the artificial nanofibrous scaffold. Surface modification and crosslinking of the nanofibers are some ways to improve the biocompatibility and stability of the scaffold. Electrospun scaffolds with oriented nanofibers and other assemblies can be constructed by modifying the electrospinning setup. Using electrospinning, researchers are able to specifically tailor the electrospun scaffold to meet the requirements of the tissue that they seek to regenerate. In vitro and in vivo expts. demonstrate that electrospun scaffolds hold great potential for tissue engineering applications.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFartrvL&md5=ad41cb30d6ee44762c2fc3d4e3a4e880
    34. 34
      Hipler, U.-C.; Elsner, P.; Fluhr, J. W. Antifungal and antibacterial properties of a silver-loaded cellulosic fiber. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B 2006, 77, 156– 163,  DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30413
      Google Scholar
      34
      Antifungal and antibacterial properties of a silver-loaded cellulosic fiber
      Hipler, Uta-Christina; Elsner, Peter; Fluhr, Joachim W.
      Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials (2006), 77B (1), 156-163CODEN: JBMRGL; ISSN:1552-4973. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
      The skin is the interface between the body and the environment. Each skin type has a specific skin physiol. and is more or less adapted for protection against multiple stress factors. Textiles on the other hand are the tissues with the longest contact to the human skin. They play a crit. role esp. in skin conditions with an increased rate of bacterial and fungal infections like atopic dermatitis and hyperhidrosis, and in diabetic patients and aged skin. The present study demonstrates the antifungal and antibacterial effects of SeaCell Active in an in vitro test system against Candida albicans (DSM 11225), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 1169), and Candida krusei (ATCC 6258). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of fibers with different amts. of SeaCell Active fibers in a dose-dependent manner against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 22923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218) could be demonstrated. If this fiber seems to be suited for bioactive textiles in specific anatomical regions and skin conditions with a susceptibility for fungal and bacterial infections due to Candida species, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, must be examd. by further investigations, esp. in vivo tests in human, considering allergic and toxic effects of the fiber.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XjsFChu7Y%253D&md5=f8cbf2f0438ed2a2f88301e2c5b09895
    35. 35
      Townsend-Nicholson, A.; Jayasinghe, S. N. Cell Electrospinning: a Unique Biotechnique for Encapsulating Living Organisms for Generating Active Biological Microthreads/Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2006, 7, 3364– 3369,  DOI: 10.1021/bm060649h
      Google Scholar
      35
      Cell Electrospinning: a Unique Biotechnique for Encapsulating Living Organisms for Generating Active Biological Microthreads/Scaffolds
      Townsend-Nicholson, Andrea; Jayasinghe, Suwan N.
      Biomacromolecules (2006), 7 (12), 3364-3369CODEN: BOMAF6; ISSN:1525-7797. (American Chemical Society)
      Jet-based technologies are increasingly being explored as potential high-throughput and high-resoln. methods for the manipulation of biol. materials. Previously shown to be of use in generating scaffolds from biocompatible materials, the authors were interested to explore the possibility of using electrospinning technol. for the generation of scaffolds comprised of living cells. For this, it was necessary to identify appropriate parameters under which viable threads contg. living cells could be produced. Here, the authors describe a method of electrospinning that can be used to deposit active biol. threads and scaffolds. This has been achieved by use of a coaxial needle arrangement where a concd. living biosuspension flows through the inner needle and a medical-grade poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) medium with high viscosity (12 500 mPa s) and low elec. cond. (10-15 S m-1) flows through the outer needle. Using this technique, the authors have identified the operational conditions under which the finest cell-bearing composite microthreads are formed. Collected cells that have been cultured, postelectrospinning, have been viable and show no evidence of having incurred any cellular damage during the bionanofabrication process. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using coaxial electrospinning technol. for biol. and biomedical applications requiring the deposition of living cells as composite microthreads for forming active biol. scaffolds.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XhtFCqt7%252FI&md5=fd8cc1fb26bb5cbea6efc4cf13436793
    36. 36
      Jayasinghe, S. N.; Irvine, S.; McEwan, J. R. Cell electrospinning highly concentrated cellular suspensions containing primary living organisms into cell-bearing threads and scaffolds. Nanomedicine 2007, 2, 555– 567,  DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.4.555
      Google Scholar
      36
      Cell electrospinning highly concentrated cellular suspensions containing primary living organisms into cell-bearing threads and scaffolds
      Jayasinghe, Suwan N.; Irvine, Scott; McEwan, Jean R.
      Nanomedicine (London, United Kingdom) (2007), 2 (4), 555-567CODEN: NLUKAC; ISSN:1743-5889. (Future Medicine Ltd.)
      Aims: We recently pioneered the cell electrospinning of living cells as viable biol. threads and scaffolds. In that study, we demonstrated the process with an immortalized human brain astrocytoma (1321N1, European Collection of Cell Cultures) cell line at a cell concn. of 106 cells/mL. The next stage was to demonstrate the ability to cell electrospin primary living cells at cell concns. of 107 cells/mL (the highest-ever cell concn. threaded by any threading methodol.). Furthermore, the post-threaded cells needed their viability assessed over a long period of time by way of flow cytometry, which accurately assesses the viable cell populations. Materials & methods: In this work, we employ primary porcine vascular and rabbit aorta smooth-muscle cells prepd. as cellular suspensions at cell concns. of 107 cells/mL. The cell electrospinning device employs a coaxial needle arrangement that enables the flow of either highly concd. cellular suspension in the inner needle while the outer needle accommodates the flow of a viscoelasticity medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane medium. Cell viability was assessed over a long timeframe by way of flow cytometry in comparison with controls. Results & discussion: The work reported here demonstrates the ability to cell electrospin primary living organisms as highly concd. cellular suspensions. The viable population of cells post-cell electrospinning are significant and remain viable over both the short and long term, as assessed by flow cytometry. Conclusion: Our work elucidates the ability to cell electrospin primary cells as highly concd. cellular suspensions. The post-cell electrospun organisms are viable over long periods of time, demonstrating a significant active cell population when compared with controls.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXpsVaqurc%253D&md5=54b166abfd2391438b9ad9682d56830a
    37. 37
      Yan, S.; Li, X.; Dai, J.; Wang, Y.; Wang, B.; Lu, Y.; Shi, J.; Huang, P.; Gong, J.; Yao, Y. Electrospinning of PVA/sericin nanofiber and the effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2017, 79, 436– 444,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.048
      Google Scholar
      37
      Electrospinning of PVA/sericin nanofiber and the effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells
      Yan, Shanshan; Li, Xiuchun; Dai, Jing; Wang, Yiqun; Wang, Binbin; Lu, Yi; Shi, Jianlin; Huang, Pengyu; Gong, Jinkang; Yao, Yuan
      Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications (2017), 79 (), 436-444CODEN: MSCEEE; ISSN:0928-4931. (Elsevier B.V.)
      This research aims to investigate the cell-nanomaterial interaction between epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cell and electrospinning nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alc. (PVA)/silk sericin (SS). The electrospinning of regenerated nanofiber was performed with water as a spinning solvent and glutaraldehyde as a chem. crosslinnker. Soln. concn., applied voltage and spin distances as well as other parameters were optimized to generate fine nanofibers with smooth surface in good homogeneity. From the SEM (SEM) anal., the nanofibers had an av. diam. of 200 nm. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity to become mesenchymal stem cells. This transition is affected by multiple biochem. and phys. factors in cell metab. cascade. Herein, we investigate the biophys. effect on A549 EMT by culturing cells on nanofibrous mats with different topog. and compn. The cell viability was evaluated by biochem. assay and its morphol. was obsd. with SEM. The results demonstrate that cells appropriately attached to the surface of the nanofibrous mats with extended morphol. by their filopodia. Gene expression anal. was conducted by real-time PCR using multiple markers for detecting EMT: N-cadherin (NCad), Vimentin (Vim), Fibronectin (Fib) and Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP9). An increasing expression pattern was obsd. on NCad, Vim, Fib, with respect to a neg. control as cell cultured on polystyrene dish. This result indicates the 200 nm PVA/SS nanofibers may induce A549 cells to process epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the culturing.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXotFyisLs%253D&md5=f131f72257cebd892485905a405eddf8
    38. 38
      Persano, L.; Camposeo, A.; Tekmen, C.; Pisignano, D. Industrial Upscaling of Electrospinning and Applications of Polymer Nanofibers: A Review. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2013, 298, 504– 520,  DOI: 10.1002/mame.201200290
      Google Scholar
      38
      Industrial Upscaling of Electrospinning and Applications of Polymer Nanofibers: A Review
      Persano, Luana; Camposeo, Andrea; Tekmen, Cagri; Pisignano, Dario
      Macromolecular Materials and Engineering (2013), 298 (5), 504-520CODEN: MMENFA; ISSN:1438-7492. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      A review. Electrospun nanofibers are extensively studied and their potential applications are largely demonstrated. Today, electrospinning equipment and technol. solns., and electrospun materials are rapidly moving to commercialization. Dedicated companies supply lab. and industrial-scale components and app. for electrospinning, and others commercialize electrospun products. This paper focuses on relevant technol. approaches developed by research, which show perspectives for scaling-up and for fulfilling requirements of industrial prodn. in terms of throughput, accuracy, and functionality of the realized nanofibers. A crit. anal. is provided about technol. weakness and strength points in combination with expected challenges from the market.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXltVWrsQ%253D%253D&md5=6e8bede4c2a2ca20c974a43d8e6187e0
    39. 39
      Guimarães, A.; Martins, A.; Pinho, E. D.; Faria, S.; Reis, R. L.; Neves, N. M. Solving cell infiltration limitations of electrospun nanofiber meshes for tissue engineering applications. Nanomedicine 2010, 5, 539– 554,  DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.31
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    40. 40
      Martins, A.; Araújo, J. V.; Reis, R. L.; Neves, N. M. Electrospun nanostructured scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Nanomedicine 2007, 2, 929– 942,  DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.6.929
      Google Scholar
      40
      Electrospun nanostructured scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
      Martins Albino; Araujo Jose V; Reis Rui L; Neves Nuno M
      Nanomedicine (London, England) (2007), 2 (6), 929-42 ISSN:.
      Despite being known for decades (since 1934), electrospinning has emerged recently as a very widespread technology to produce synthetic nanofibrous structures. These structures have morphologies and fiber diameters in a range comparable with those found in the extracellular matrix of human tissues. Therefore, nanofibrous scaffolds are intended to provide improved environments for cell attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation when compared with traditional scaffolds. In addition, the process versatility and the highly specific surface area of nanofiber meshes may facilitate their use as local drug-release systems. Common electrospun nanofiber meshes are characterized by a random orientation. However, in some special cases, aligned distributions of the fibers can be obtained, with an interconnected microporous structure. The characteristic pore sizes and the inherent planar structure of the meshes can be detrimental for the desired cell infiltration into the inner regions, and eventually compromise tissue regeneration. Several strategies can be followed to overcome these limitations, and are discussed in detail here.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD2sjlsl2ksA%253D%253D&md5=22701692f428e17350753271b4f62728
    41. 41
      Zhang, Y.; Lim, C. T.; Ramakrishna, S.; Huang, Z.-M. Recent development of polymer nanofibers for biomedical and biotechnological applications. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 2005, 16, 933– 946,  DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-4428-x
      Google Scholar
      41
      Recent development of polymer nanofibers for biomedical and biotechnological applications
      Zhang, Yanzhong; Lim, Chwee Teck; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Huang, Zheng-Ming
      Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2005), 16 (10), 933-946CODEN: JSMMEL; ISSN:0957-4530. (Springer)
      A review. Research in polymer nanofibers has undergone significant progress in the last one decade. One of the main driving forces for this progress is the increasing use of these polymer nanofibers for biomedical and biotechnol. applications. This article presents a review on the latest research advancement made in the use of polymer nanofibers for applications such as tissue engineering, controlled drug release, wound dressings, medical implants, nanocomposites for dental restoration, mol. sepn., biosensors, and preservation of bioactive agents.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXhtVSqurbO&md5=0dc06562ba6c2e0bc138debd831358ec
    42. 42
      Zafar, M.; Najeeb, S.; Khurshid, Z.; Vazirzadeh, M.; Zohaib, S.; Najeeb, B.; Sefat, F. Potential of Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical and Dental Applications. Materials 2016, 9, 73,  DOI: 10.3390/ma9020073
      Google Scholar
      42
      Potential of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications
      Zafar, Muhammad; Najeeb, Shariq; Khurshid, Zohaib; Vazirzadeh, Masoud; Zohaib, Sana; Najeeb, Bilal; Sefat, Farshid
      Materials (2016), 9 (2), 73/1-73/21CODEN: MATEG9; ISSN:1996-1944. (MDPI AG)
      Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applications in recent years. Electrospinning is being used for fabricating nanofibers for various biomedical and dental applications such as tooth regeneration, wound healing and prevention of dental caries. Electrospun materials have the benefits of unique properties for instance, high surface area to vol. ratio, enhanced cellular interactions, protein absorption to facilitate binding sites for cell receptors. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the potential of electrospun nanofibers for repair and regeneration of various dental and oral tissues including dental pulp, dentin, periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and skeletal tissues. However, there are a few limitations of electrospinning hindering the progress of these materials to practical or clin. applications. In terms of biomaterials aspects, the better understanding of controlled fabrication, properties and functioning of electrospun materials is required to overcome the limitations. More in vivo studies are definitely required to evaluate the biocompatibility of electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, mech. properties of such scaffolds should be enhanced so that they resist mech. stresses during tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this article is to review the current progress of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications. In addn., various aspects of electrospun materials in relation to potential dental applications have been discussed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXmt1yjs7k%253D&md5=8696fe03ed47b09c527269ee32d63939
    43. 43
      Tamimi, E.; Ardila, D. C.; Haskett, D. G.; Doetschman, T.; Slepian, M. J.; Kellar, R. S.; Vande Geest, J. P. Biomechanical Comparison of Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Gelatin Fibrinogen Electrospun Scaffolds to Porcine Coronary Arteries. J. Biomech. Eng. 2015, 138, 011001,  DOI: 10.1115/1.4031847
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    44. 44
      Tamayol, A.; Akbari, M.; Annabi, N.; Paul, A.; Khademhosseini, A.; Juncker, D. Fiber-based tissue engineering: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Biotechnol. Adv. 2013, 31, 669– 687,  DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.11.007
      Google Scholar
      44
      Fiber-based tissue engineering: Progress, challenges, and opportunities
      Tamayol, Ali; Akbari, Mohsen; Annabi, Nasim; Paul, Arghya; Khademhosseini, Ali; Juncker, David
      Biotechnology Advances (2013), 31 (5), 669-687CODEN: BIADDD; ISSN:0734-9750. (Elsevier)
      A review. Tissue engineering aims to improve the function of diseased or damaged organs by creating biol. substitutes. To fabricate a functional tissue, the engineered construct should mimic the physiol. environment including its structural, topog., and mech. properties. Moreover, the construct should facilitate nutrients and oxygen diffusion as well as removal of metabolic waste during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, fiber-based techniques such as weaving, knitting, braiding, as well as electrospinning, and direct writing have emerged as promising platforms for making 3D tissue constructs that can address the abovementioned challenges. Here, we critically review the techniques used to form cell-free and cell-laden fibers and to assemble them into scaffolds. We compare their mech. properties, morphol. features and biol. activity. We discuss current challenges and future opportunities of fiber-based tissue engineering (FBTE) for use in research and clin. practice.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhtVyhsA%253D%253D&md5=9b2e4148de1cdad2551f28a34e2f9e73
    45. 45
      Gosline, J. M.; Guerette, P. A.; Ortlepp, C. S.; Savage, K. N. The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202, 3295– 3303
      Google Scholar
      45
      The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function
      Gosline J M; Guerette P A; Ortlepp C S; Savage K N
      The Journal of experimental biology (1999), 202 (Pt 23), 3295-303 ISSN:0022-0949.
      Spiders produce a variety of silks, and the cloning of genes for silk fibroins reveals a clear link between protein sequence and structure-property relationships. The fibroins produced in the spider's major ampullate (MA) gland, which forms the dragline and web frame, contain multiple repeats of motifs that include an 8-10 residue long poly-alanine block and a 24-35 residue long glycine-rich block. When fibroins are spun into fibres, the poly-alanine blocks form (&bgr;)-sheet crystals that crosslink the fibroins into a polymer network with great stiffness, strength and toughness. As illustrated by a comparison of MA silks from Araneus diadematus and Nephila clavipes, variation in fibroin sequence and properties between spider species provides the opportunity to investigate the design of these remarkable biomaterials.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD3c%252FjtF2qtQ%253D%253D&md5=405f9bc84917f3aebed8a0f7c20cb1b5
    46. 46
      Gomes, M. E.; Azevedo, H. S.; Moreira, A. R.; Ellä, V.; Kellomäki, M.; Reis, R. L. Starch–poly(ε-caprolactone) and starch–poly(lactic acid) fibre-mesh scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: structure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviour. J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med. 2008, 2, 243– 252,  DOI: 10.1002/term.89
      Google Scholar
      46
      Starch-poly(ε-caprolactone) and starch-poly(lactic acid) fibre-mesh scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: structure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviour
      Gomes, M. E.; Azevedo, H. S.; Moreira, A. R.; Ella, V.; Kellomaki, M.; Reis, R. L.
      Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2008), 2 (5), 243-252CODEN: JTERAX; ISSN:1932-6254. (John Wiley & Sons Inc.)
      In scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies, the successful regeneration of tissues from matrix-producing connective tissue cells or anchorage-dependent cells (e.g. osteoblasts) relies on the use of a suitable scaffold. This study describes the development and characterization of SPCL (starch with ε-polycaprolactone, 30:70%) and SPLA [starch with poly(lactic acid), 30:70%] fiber-meshes, aimed at application in bone tissue-engineering strategies. Scaffolds based on SPCL and SPLA were prepd. from fibers obtained by melt-spinning by a fiber-bonding process. The porosity of the scaffolds was characterized by microcomputerized tomog. (μCT) and SEM. Scaffold degrdn. behavior was assessed in solns. contg. hydrolytic enzymes (α-amylase and lipase) in physiol. concns., in order to simulate in vivo conditions. Mech. properties were also evaluated in compression tests. The results show that these scaffolds exhibit adequate porosity and mech. properties to support cell adhesion and proliferation and also tissue ingrowth upon implantation of the construct. The results of the degrdn. studies showed that these starch-based scaffolds are susceptible to enzymic degrdn., as detected by increased wt. loss (within 2 wk, wt. loss in the SPCL samples reached 20%). With increasing degrdn. time, the diam. of the SPCL and SPLA fibers decreases significantly, increasing the porosity and consequently the available space for cells and tissue ingrowth during implantation time. These results, in combination with previous cell culture studies showing the ability of these scaffolds to induce cell adhesion and proliferation, clearly demonstrate the potential of these scaffolds to be used in tissue engineering strategies to regenerate bone tissue defects.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXls1Ghtrg%253D&md5=5fe2e8c4bf166de5fa4f54bc9c07320e
    47. 47
      Sinclair, K. D.; Webb, K.; Brown, P. J. The effect of various denier capillary channel polymer fibers on the alignment of NHDF cells and type I collagen. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 2010, 95, 1194– 1202,  DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32941
      Google Scholar
      47
      The effect of various denier capillary channel polymer fibers on the alignment of NHDF cells and Type I collagen
      Sinclair, Kristofer D.; Webb, Ken; Brown, Philip J.
      Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A (2010), 95A (4), 1194-1202CODEN: JBMRCH; ISSN:1549-3296. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
      If tissue engineers are to successfully repair and regenerate native tendons and ligaments, it will be essential to implement contact guidance to induce cellular and type I collagen alignment to replicate the native structure. Capillary channel polymer (CC-P) fibers fabricated by melt-extrusion have aligned micrometer scale surface channels that may serve the goal of achieving biomimetic, phys. templates for ligament growth and regeneration. Previous work characterizing the behavior of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), on the 19 denier per filament (dpf) CC-P fibers, demonstrated a need for improved cellular and type I collagen alignment. Therefore, 5 and 9 dpf CC-P fibers were manufd. to det. whether their channel dimensions would achieve greater alignment. A 29 dpf CC-P fiber was also examd. to det. whether cellular guidance could still be achieved within the larger dimensions of the fiber's channels. The 9 dpf CC-P fiber appeared to approach the topog. constraints necessary to induce the cellular and type I collagen architecture that most closely mirrored that of native ACL tissue. This work demonstrated that the novel cross-section of the CC-P fiber geometry could approach the necessary surface topog. to align NHDF cells along the longitudinal axis of each fiber. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtlygs7bF&md5=de84d364089fab87b1728b4b413ae38f
    48. 48
      Wan, A. C. A.; Liao, I.-C.; Yim, E. K. F.; Leong, K. W. Mechanism of Fiber Formation by Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 7019– 7025,  DOI: 10.1021/ma0498868
      Google Scholar
      48
      Mechanism of Fiber Formation by Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation
      Wan, Andrew C. A.; Liao, I-Chien; Yim, Evelyn K. F.; Leong, Kam W.
      Macromolecules (2004), 37 (18), 7019-7025CODEN: MAMOBX; ISSN:0024-9297. (American Chemical Society)
      A four-step mechanism is hypothesized for the process of fiber formation by interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation: (1) formation of a polyionic complex film at the interface that acts as a viscous barrier to free mixing; (2) scattering of this complex by a drawing motion, creating submicron "nuclear fibers"; (3) growth of "nuclear fibers", with an accompanying decrease in the viscosity of the surrounding polyelectrolyte matrix; (4) coalescence of "nuclear fibers", resulting in a thicker primary fiber and gel droplets at regular intervals along its axis. Presented evidence include light and confocal microscopy of the fiber structure, detailed observation of the fiber drawing process, turbidity expts. (for chitosan, sodium alginate, heparin) to measure the stability of the interface, effect of polyelectrolyte soln. concns. and contact area at the interface on fiber dimensions, and identification of two crit. draw rates that can be related to the proposed fiber-forming mechanism.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2cXmt12qur8%253D&md5=678e27efcb504b41d8521e0e4efe3bc2
    49. 49
      Mahalingam, S.; Edirisinghe, M. Forming of Polymer Nanofibers by a Pressurised Gyration Process. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2013, 34, 1134– 1139,  DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300339
      Google Scholar
      49
      Forming of Polymer Nanofibers by a Pressurised Gyration Process
      Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan; Edirisinghe, Mohan
      Macromolecular Rapid Communications (2013), 34 (14), 1134-1139CODEN: MRCOE3; ISSN:1022-1336. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      A new route consisting of simultaneous centrifugal spinning and soln. blowing to form polymer nanofibers is reported. The fiber diam. (60-1000 nm) is shown to be a function of polymer concn., rotational speed, and working pressure of the processing system. The fiber length is dependent on the rotational speed. The process can deliver 6 kg of fiber per h and therefore offers mass prodn. capabilities compared with other established polymer nanofiber generation methods such as electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, and blowing.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXptVanu70%253D&md5=0fd3dd63de655c022f24867ff79958f6
    50. 50
      Mahalingam, S.; Raimi-Abraham, B. T.; Craig, D. Q. M.; Edirisinghe, M. Solubility–spinnability map and model for the preparation of fibres of polyethylene (terephthalate) using gyration and pressure. Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 280, 344– 353,  DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.114
      Google Scholar
      50
      Solubility-spinnability map and model for the preparation of fibres of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using gyration and pressure
      Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan; Raimi-Abraham, Bahijja Tolulope; Craig, Duncan Q. M.; Edirisinghe, Mohan
      Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2015), 280 (), 344-353CODEN: CMEJAJ; ISSN:1385-8947. (Elsevier B.V.)
      The selection of a solvent or a solvent system is a fundamental and a crucial step in spinning fibers using a selected process. Solvent selection dets. the crit. min. polymer concn. and the crit. min. chain entanglement which allows the spinning of nanofibres rather than other hybrid morphologies such as beaded structures. Pressurised gyration, which simultaneously combines the use of gas pressure and rotation, is used as the processing and forming route for spinning fibers in this work. This study investigates 23 different solvents and solvent systems spread on a wide area of a Teas graph and able to dissolve the functional polymer polyethylene (terephthalate) (PET) and spin products by the application of pressurised gyration. The results are mapped on a Teas graph to identify the soly.-spinnability region. Based on this soly.-spinnability region, various solvents and binary solvent systems that allow the making of PET fibers are suggested. Scaling laws for the relationship between polymer concn. and specific viscosity are identified. The structural evolution in the fibers prepd. is elucidated. For the first time, a math. model to scale fiber diam. with respect to flow properties and processing parameters encountered in pressurised gyration has been successfully developed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVaisLfE&md5=c200463a2682de194848636ba8483f2e
    51. 51
      Illangakoon, U. E.; Mahalingam, S.; Wang, K.; Cheong, Y.-K.; Canales, E.; Ren, G. G.; Cloutman-Green, E.; Edirisinghe, M.; Ciric, L. Gyrospun antimicrobial nanoparticle loaded fibrous polymeric filters. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2017, 74, 315– 324,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.001
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    52. 52
      Zhang, S.; Karaca, B. T.; VanOosten, S. K.; Yuca, E.; Mahalingam, S.; Edirisinghe, M.; Tamerler, C. Coupling Infusion and Gyration for the Nanoscale Assembly of Functional Polymer Nanofibers Integrated with Genetically Engineered Proteins. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2015, 36, 1322– 1328,  DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500174
      Google Scholar
      52
      Coupling Infusion and Gyration for the Nanoscale Assembly of Functional Polymer Nanofibers Integrated with Genetically Engineered Proteins
      Zhang, Siqi; Karaca, Banu Taktak; Van Oosten, Sarah Kay; Yuca, Esra; Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan; Edirisinghe, Mohan; Tamerler, Candan
      Macromolecular Rapid Communications (2015), 36 (14), 1322-1328CODEN: MRCOE3; ISSN:1022-1336. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      Nanofibers featuring functional nanoassemblies show great promise as enabling constituents for a diverse range of applications in areas such as tissue engineering, sensing, optoelectronics, and nanophotonics due to their controlled organization and architecture. An infusion gyration method is reported that enables the prodn. of nanofibers with inherent biol. functions by simply adjusting the flow rate of a polymer soln. Sufficient polymer chain entanglement is obtained at Berry no. > 1.6 to make bead-free fibers integrated with gold nanoparticles and proteins, in the diam. range of 117-216 nm. Integration of gold nanoparticles into the nanofiber assembly is followed using a gold-binding peptide tag genetically conjugated to red fluorescence protein (DsRed). Fluorescence microscopy anal. corroborated with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirms the integration of the engineered red fluorescence protein with the nanofibers. The gold nanoparticle decorated nanofibers having red fluorescence protein as an integral part keep their biol. functionality including copper-induced fluorescence quenching of the DsRed protein due to its selective Cu+2 binding. Thus, coupling the infusion gyration method in this way offers a simple nanoscale assembly approach to integrate a diverse repertoire of protein functionalities into nanofibers to generate biohybrid materials for imaging, sensing, and biomaterial applications.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXpt1ehsrw%253D&md5=32a9bfb260919c4467bb5113a3757bf8
    53. 53
      Hong, X.; Edirisinghe, M.; Mahalingam, S. Beads, beaded-fibres and fibres: Tailoring the morphology of poly(caprolactone) using pressurised gyration. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2016, 69, 1373– 1382,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.071
      Google Scholar
      53
      Beads, beaded-fibres and fibres: Tailoring the morphology of poly(caprolactone) using pressurised gyration
      Hong, Xianze; Edirisinghe, Mohan; Mahalingam, Suntharavathanan
      Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications (2016), 69 (), 1373-1382CODEN: MSCEEE; ISSN:0928-4931. (Elsevier B.V.)
      This work focuses on forming bead on string poly(caprolactone) (PCL) by using gyration under pressure. The fiber morphol. of bead on string is an interesting feature that falls between bead-free fibers and droplets, and it could be effectively controlled by the rheol. properties of spinning dopes and the major processing parameters of the pressurized gyration system which are working pressure and rotating speed. Bead products were not always spherical in shape and tended to be more elliptical, therefore both their width and length were measured. The av. bead width and length produced spanned a range 145-660 μm and 140-1060 μm, resp. The av. distance between two adjacent beads (i.e. inter-bead distance) and the bead size (width and length) are shown to be a function of processing parameters and polymer concn. An interesting morphol. i.e. beads with short fiber was obsd. when using a high polymer concn. Bead on string structure agglomeration was promoted by a low polymer concn. Formation of droplets or agglomerated bead on string is promoted below 5 wt.% polymer concn., and beads with short fiber were present in the microstructure beyond a polymer concn. of 20 wt.%.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVKjtrfE&md5=bdfcdfa85673b5dd2a7846ea39d7dfeb
    54. 54
      Mallapragada, S. K.; Peppas, N. A. Dissolution mechanism of semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) in water. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1996, 34, 1339– 1346,  DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(199605)34:7<1339::aid-polb15>3.0.co;2-b
      Google Scholar
      54
      Dissolution mechanism of semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) in water
      Mallapragada, Surya K.; Peppas, Nikolaos A.
      Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics (1996), 34 (7), 1339-46CODEN: JPBPEM; ISSN:0887-6266. (Wiley)
      Changes occurring in the degree of crystallinity and lamellar thickness distribution of poly(vinyl alc.) (PVA) samples during dissoln. in water were investigated. PVA samples of three different mol. wts. were crystd. by annealing at 90, 110, and 120°. The initial degrees of crystallinity measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) varied from 43 to 60% and the av. lamellar thicknesses measured by DSC ranged from 50 to 400 Å. PVA dissoln. was followed at 25, 35, and 45° from 30 s up to 195 min. Lamellar thicknesses were detd. as a function of dissoln. time using DSC. There was an initial drastic decrease in the degree of crystallinity, which leveled off to a fairly const. value before reaching zero by the time the polymer dissolved completely. Increase in mol. wt. led to a lesser no. of crystals, but with larger av. lamellar thickness, which were more stable in the presence of water. Increase in crystn. temp. or decrease in dissoln. temp. led to a larger av. lamellar thickness. Based on these findings, a dissoln. mechanism involving unfolding of the polymer chains of the crystal was proposed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK28XisVOlsLs%253D&md5=98d29a59920fedb4191342eb23fbd372
    55. 55
      Mansur, H. S.; Sadahira, C. M.; Souza, A. N.; Mansur, A. A. P. FTIR spectroscopy characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with different hydrolysis degree and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2008, 28, 539– 548,  DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.10.088
      Google Scholar
      55
      FTIR spectroscopy characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with different hydrolysis degree and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde
      Mansur, Herman S.; Sadahira, Carolina M.; Souza, Adriana N.; Mansur, Alexandra A. P.
      Materials Science & Engineering, C: Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems (2008), 28 (4), 539-548CODEN: MSCEEE; ISSN:0928-4931. (Elsevier B.V.)
      In this work, poly (vinyl alc.) (PVA) hydrogels with different degree of hydrolysis (DH) were prepd. by chem. crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA). The nanostructure of the resulting hydrogels was investigated by Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering characterization (SAXS). In vitro tests were performed by swelling ratio assays in different pH solns. The IR spectra of the crosslinked PVA showed absorption bands of the acetal bridges resulted from the reaction of the GA with the OH groups from PVA. Also the FTIR spectroscopy was used to det. the crystallinity of the PVA film based on the relative intensity of the vibration band at 1141 cm-1. The results have showed an increase of hydrogel crystallinity with higher DH of PVA. SAXS patterns have clearly indicated important modifications on the PVA semicryst. structure when it was crosslinked by GA. The swelling ratio was significantly reduced by chem. crosslinking the PVA network. PVA-derived hydrogel with chem. modified network was found to be pH-sensitive, indicating a high potential to be used in drug delivery polymer system.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXjvF2rtro%253D&md5=4bff42a537456c5b5c353899e558288c
    56. 56
      Bichara, L. C.; Lanús, H. E.; Ferrer, E. G.; Gramajo, M. B.; Brandán, S. A. Vibrational Study and Force Field of the Citric Acid Dimer Based on the SQM Methodology. Adv. Phys. Chem. 2011, 2011, 1– 10,  DOI: 10.1155/2011/347072
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    57. 57
      Cornell, R. M.; Schwertmann, U. The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrences and Uses; Wiley, 2006.
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    58. 58
      Granberg, R. A.; Rasmuson, Å. C. Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents. J. Chem. Eng. Data 1999, 44, 1391– 1395,  DOI: 10.1021/je990124v
      Google Scholar
      58
      Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents
      Granberg, Roger A.; Rasmuson, Aake C.
      Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data (1999), 44 (6), 1391-1395CODEN: JCEAAX; ISSN:0021-9568. (American Chemical Society)
      The soly. of paracetamol in 26 solvents in the temp. range from -5 to +30 °C is reported. Paracetamol has a very low soly. in nonpolar and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as toluene and carbon tetrachloride whereas the soly. is very high in solvents of medium polarity such as N,N-dimethylformamide, DMSO, and diethylamine. Paracetamol is sol. in alcs., but the soly. decreases with an increase in the length of the carbon chain in the n-alc. homologous series (methanol to 1-octanol). The soly. of paracetamol in water is much lower than in other polar solvents such as the alcs. The ideal soly. of paracetamol is calcd., and the activity coeff. in the satd. solns. is estd.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1MXntFOqtLo%253D&md5=8dd90ca64b3a3636b14da42bc588ddd0
    59. 59
      Glavanović, S.; Glavanović, M.; Tomišić, V. Simultaneous quantitative determination of paracetamol and tramadol in tablet formulation using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric methods. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 2016, 157, 258– 264,  DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.12.020
      Google Scholar
      59
      Simultaneous quantitative determination of paracetamol and tramadol in tablet formulation using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric methods
      Glavanovic, Sinisa; Glavanovic, Marija; Tomisic, Vladislav
      Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (2016), 157 (), 258-264CODEN: SAMCAS; ISSN:1386-1425. (Elsevier B.V.)
      The UV spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous quant. detn. of paracetamol and tramadol in paracetamol-tramadol tablets were developed. The spectrophotometric data obtained were processed by means of partial least squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm coupled with PLS (GA-PLS) methods in order to det. the content of active substances in the tablets. The results gained by chemometric processing of the spectroscopic data were statistically compared with those obtained by means of validated ultra-high performance liq. chromatog. (UHPLC) method. The accuracy and precision of data obtained by the developed chemometric models were verified by analyzing the synthetic mixt. of drugs, and by calcg. recovery as well as relative std. error (RSE). A statistically good agreement was found between the amts. of paracetamol detd. using PLS and GA-PLS algorithms, and that obtained by UHPLC anal., whereas for tramadol GA-PLS results were proven to be more reliable compared to those of PLS. The simplest and the most accurate and precise models were constructed by using the PLS method for paracetamol (mean recovery 99.5%, RSE 0.89%) and the GA-PLS method for tramadol (mean recovery 99.4%, RSE 1.69%).
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XovFelsg%253D%253D&md5=cab76ecef20117907ee62ac9f1210fa4
    60. 60
      Behera, S.; Ghanty, S.; Ahmad, F.; Santra, S.; Banerjee, S. UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation of Assay of Paracetamol Tablet Formulation. J. Anal. Bioanal. Tech. 2012, 3, 151– 157,  DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000151
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    61. 61
      Huang, X.; Brazel, C. S. On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems. J. Controlled Release 2001, 73, 121– 136,  DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00248-6
      Google Scholar
      61
      On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems
      Huang, X.; Brazel, C. S.
      Journal of Controlled Release (2001), 73 (2-3), 121-136CODEN: JCREEC; ISSN:0168-3659. (Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.)
      A review with refs. Although the significance of burst release in controlled delivery systems has not been entirely ignored, no successful theories have been put forth to fully describe the phenomenon. Despite the fact that the fast release of drug in a burst stage is utilized in certain drug administration strategies, the neg. effects brought about by burst can be pharmacol. dangerous and economically inefficient. Therefore a thorough understanding of the burst effect in controlled release systems is undoubtedly necessary. In this article, we review exptl. observations of burst release in monolithic polymer controlled drug delivery systems, theories of the phys. mechanisms causing burst, some of the unique ideas used to prevent burst, and the treatment of burst release in controlled release models.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3MXksVSqtb0%253D&md5=2857f9a4b03b40d55caa18922b986803

  • Supporting Information

    Supporting Information

    ARTICLE SECTIONS
    Jump To

    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04774.

    • SEM images of pure PVA fibers; MNP leaching studies for PVA–MNP fibers conducted via UV–vis absorbance of supernatant solutions; mass magnetization behavior of both pure MNP (M = 2.6 A m2 kg–1) and 5% MNP–PVA fiber (M = 53.8 A m2 kg–1) samples; and concentration of acetaminophen released with time (PDF)

    • High-speed camera video showing fiber formation during the infusion gyration process (ZIP)

    • Procedure for magnetic actuation of fibers loaded with acetaminophen (ZIP)

    • Transportation of the magnetic fibers along a tube using magnetic actuation, demonstrating the scope of actuation (ZIP)


    Terms & Conditions

    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

PDF [ 3MB]

Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!

STEP 1:
Click to create an ACS ID

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

MENDELEY PAIRING EXPIRED
Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect