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Tropoelastin-Coated Tendon Biomimetic Scaffolds Promote Stem Cell Tenogenic Commitment and Deposition of Elastin-Rich Matrix
- Helena AlmeidaHelena Almeida3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalMore by Helena Almeida,
- Rui M. A. DominguesRui M. A. Domingues3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalThe Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalMore by Rui M. A. Domingues,
- Suzanne M. MithieuxSuzanne M. MithieuxSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaMore by Suzanne M. Mithieux,
- Ricardo A. PiresRicardo A. Pires3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalThe Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalMore by Ricardo A. Pires,
- Ana I. GonçalvesAna I. Gonçalves3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalMore by Ana I. Gonçalves,
- Manuel Gómez-Florit*Manuel Gómez-Florit*E-mail: [email protected] (M.G-F.).3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalMore by Manuel Gómez-Florit,
- Rui L. ReisRui L. Reis3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalThe Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalMore by Rui L. Reis,
- Anthony S. WeissAnthony S. WeissSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaMore by Anthony S. Weiss, and
- Manuela E. Gomes*Manuela E. Gomes*E-mail: [email protected] (M.E.G.).3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalThe Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, PortugalMore by Manuela E. Gomes
Abstract
Tendon tissue engineering strategies that recreate the biophysical and biochemical native microenvironment have a greater potential to achieve regeneration. Here, we developed tendon biomimetic scaffolds using mechanically competent yarns of poly-ε-caprolactone, chitosan, and cellulose nanocrystals to recreate the inherent tendon hierarchy from a nano-to-macro scale. These were then coated with tropoelastin (TROPO) through polydopamine (PDA) linking, to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and elasticity. Both PDA and TROPO coatings decreased surface stiffness without masking the underlying substrate. We found that human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) seeded onto these TROPO biomimetic scaffolds more rapidly acquired their spindle-shape morphology and high aspect ratio characteristic of tenocytes. Immunocytochemistry shows that the PDA and TROPO-coated surfaces boosted differentiation of hASCs toward the tenogenic lineage, with sustained expression of the tendon-related markers scleraxis and tenomodulin up to 21 days of culture. Furthermore, these surfaces enabled the deposition of a tendon-like ECM, supported by the expression of collagens type I and III, tenascin, and decorin. Gene expression analysis revealed a downregulation of osteogenic and fibrosis markers in the presence of TROPO when compared with the control groups, suggesting proper ECM deposition. Remarkably, differentiated cells exposed to TROPO acquired an elastogenic profile due to the evident elastin synthesis and deposition, contributing to the formation of a more mimetic matrix in comparison with the PDA-coated and uncoated conditions. In summary, our biomimetic substrates combining biophysical and biological cues modulate stem cell behavior potentiating their long-term tenogenic commitment and the production of an elastin-rich ECM.
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