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Gas Sensor by Direct Growth and Functionalization of Metal Oxide/Metal Sulfide Core–Shell Nanowires on Flexible Substrates

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 27, 24298-24307
    Research Article

    Gas Sensor by Direct Growth and Functionalization of Metal Oxide/Metal Sulfide Core–Shell Nanowires on Flexible Substrates
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    • Daejong Yang
      Daejong Yang
      Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24 Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31080, South Korea
      More by Daejong Yang
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-5843
    • Incheol Cho
      Incheol Cho
      Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
      More by Incheol Cho
    • Donghwan Kim
      Donghwan Kim
      Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI), Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), 105 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34056, South Korea
      More by Donghwan Kim
    • Mi Ae Lim
      Mi Ae Lim
      Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
      More by Mi Ae Lim
    • Zhiyong Li
      Zhiyong Li
      Systems Research Lab, Hewlett Packard Laboratory, 1501 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
      More by Zhiyong Li
    • Jong G. Ok
      Jong G. Ok
      Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, South Korea
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    • Moonjin Lee
      Moonjin Lee
      Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, 1312-32 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
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    • Inkyu Park*
      Inkyu Park
      Department of Mechanical Engineering  and  KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
      *E-mail: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-7739
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 27, 24298–24307
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b06951
    Published June 12, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    We have developed a novel fabrication method for flexible gas sensors for toxic gases based on sequential wet chemical reaction. In specific, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were locally synthesized and directly integrated on a flexible polymer substrate using localized hydrothermal synthesis methods and their surfaces were selectively functionalized with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles using a liquid phase deposition process. Because the entire process is conducted at a low temperature in a mild precursor solution, it can be applied for flexible substrates. Furthermore, the surface of ZnO nanowires was sulfurized by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas to form zinc oxide/zinc sulfide (ZnO/ZnS) core–shell nanowires for stable sensing of H2S gas. The locally synthesized ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanowires enable an ultracompact-sized device, and Pd nanoparticles improve the sensing performance and reduce the operating temperature (200 °C). The device shows a high sensitivity [(Ggas – Gair)/Gair × 100% = 4491% to 10 ppm], fast response (response/recovery time <100 s) to hydrogen sulfide, and outstanding selectivity (>100 times) to other toxic gases (e.g., carbon monoxide, acetone, ethanol, and toluene). Moreover, vertically synthesized nanowires provide a long bending path, which reduces the mechanical stresses on the structure. The devices showed stable gas sensing performance under 9 mm positive radius of curvature and 5 mm negative radius of curvature. The mechanical robustness of the device was also verified by numerical simulations which showed dramatic decrease of maximum stress and strain to 4.2 and 5.0%, respectively.

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06951.

    • Fabrication process of the flexible microheater device; estimation of temperature of the microheater; TEM analysis of sulfurized ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanowires; synthesis of uniform ZnO nanowires by in situ current measurement; EDS data after palladium (Pd) decoration; numerical simulation of ZnO nanowire devices under positive bending; numerical simulation of ZnO nanowire devices under negative bending; and comparison of performance with state-of-the-art research studies (PDF)

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    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 27, 24298–24307
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