ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
Quick View

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications
CONTENT TYPES

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2022, 5, 9, 12711-12719
RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT

Enhanced Assembly of Ag Nanoparticles for Surface-Independent Fabrication of Conductive Patterns

  • Michał Szuwarzyński
    Michał Szuwarzyński
    Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    More by Michał Szuwarzyński
  • , 
  • Łukasz Mazur
    Łukasz Mazur
    Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    More by Łukasz Mazur
  • , 
  • Mariusz Borkowski
    Mariusz Borkowski
    Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
    More by Mariusz Borkowski
  • , 
  • Krzysztof Maćkosz
    Krzysztof Maćkosz
    Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
    More by Krzysztof Maćkosz
  • , 
  • Konrad Giżyński
    Konrad Giżyński
    Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
    More by Konrad Giżyński
  • , and 
  • Tomasz Mazur*
    Tomasz Mazur
    Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    *Email: [email protected]
    More by Tomasz Mazur
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-6778
Cite this: ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2022, 5, 9, 12711–12719
Publication Date (Web):September 3, 2022
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c02559

Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under

CC-BY 4.0.
  • Open Access

Article Views

1757

Altmetric

-

Citations

2
LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS
PDF (6 MB)
Get e-Alerts
Supporting Info (1)»
SUBJECTS:

Abstract

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

Polymer stamping is a reliable and cost-effective method for producing charged patterned surfaces. However, charge stability is limited, and they discharge steadily while immersed in polar solvents. Here, we applied polyelectrolytes as the stamping medium to increase this stability. Charged line patterns were fabricated by pressing a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp covered with a polyethylenimine (PEI) solution against silicon, glass, or polystyrene. Then, the substrate was immersed in a solution of oppositely charged silver nanoparticles. Finally, silver crystallization on the deposited nanoparticle agglomerates was performed to homogenize the conductive surface. Fabricated structures were characterized by conductive AFM, SEM, and electrical measurements. Simulations of the electric field above the pattern and electrostatic deposition of nanoparticles were performed. The presented method allows for the production of high-resolution microstructures composed of parallel 45 mm paths with a width of 10 μm and a thickness below 100 nm. A conductivity of 104 S/m is high enough to keep a commercial LED on.

This publication is licensed under

CC-BY 4.0.
  • cc licence
  • by licence
KEYWORDS:

Introduction

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
Nowadays, we are surrounded by electronics. The number of sensors, wireless systems, home appliances, or “smart” devices around us is growing each year. (1,2) Most of these devices fall under modern buzzwords, such as “Industry 4.0”, “wearable electronics”, and “Internet of Things”. However, irrespective of their names and scope, each of these technologies requires precise, fast, cheap, and reproducible implementation methods. In the case of the industrial production of advanced modern electronics (e.g., microprocessors), large-area functionalization with nanometer resolution is widely used. (3) The typical processing and replication techniques require photolithographic methods or metal target sputtering, followed by chemical dissolution of photoresists─in total, substrate-, time-, and resource-consuming, step-by-step assembly. (4) On the other hand, fast prototyping and the production of other, less complicated electronic circuits can be done at micrometer resolution, (5) which brings many benefits: from the acceleration of the production process to freedom of creativity for in-house inventors.
Taking into account future high-throughput production, the processes called replica molding should be considered. (6−9) Stamping of bare polymeric stamps on insulating substrates leads to the generation of both radicals and static charges─a process named contact electrification. (10) The radicals can act as reaction centers, (11) and charges stabilize their longevity, but eventually are doomed to decay within hours, especially while immersed in polar solvents. Polymeric stamps are also used for stamping thin films of molecular or macromolecular materials, leading to a more permanent surface functionalization. The latter often exhibits different properties and performance from those of the parent compound. In particular, when surface-grafted polymers, layers, (12−15) and brushes (16−20) serve as a matrix, they may provide good control of structure, thickness, or mechanical properties of the whole composite. The stamped film usually needs enhancement to achieve additional functionalities. This can be easily accomplished by covering the surface with functionalized nanoparticles with unique properties. These include electric, optoelectronic, plasmonic, (21) magnetic, (22) catalytic, (23) and higher order of complexity intrinsic functions, such as synaptic-like behavior and information processing. (24) To use their assemblies in displays, photovoltaic devices, sensors, microreactors, or processing units, one must first find easy-to-use protocols for nanoparticle patterning on different substrates. Several strategies have been reported so far. Most of them are based on self-assembly driven by multiple forces (25−27) contributing to the implementation of 2D and 3D thin-layer devices (28,29) on either rigid or flexible substrates. (30−35) Others can rely on oxidation─as for gold nanoparticles with thiol ligands, for which aggregation is induced by UV-light exposure. (36)
Direct nanoparticle transfer printing is used to produce LED displays (37) or patterned surfaces with gold nanoparticles. (38) The same procedure can be applied to both non-functionalized nanoparticles and functionalized ligand-based nanoparticles.
Here, we propose a three-step patterning technique that combines several methodologies─soft lithography, polyelectrolyte layer assembly, and nanoparticle structure assembly. Together, they yield conductive silver patterns in a reliable and scalable manner. In the first step, the polymeric stamp, covered in the polyelectrolyte layer, is mechanically pressed against the substrate. That way, the layer is transferred onto the surface by means of soft lithography techniques. The second step includes immersion of as-prepared surfaces in solvent with dispersed nanoparticles. These capped nanoparticles, of the polarity opposed to the polyelectrolyte layer, are electrostatically attracted to the surface, following only the patterns transferred in the first step. Self-assembly of the charged nanoparticles or microspheres (39) on the polyelectrolyte substrate is a well-known method for the preparation of monolayer nanoparticle surfaces. (40) Forces keeping the system together can also further guide 3D micro- and nanostructured assemblies. (28) These tandem polyelectrolyte–nanoparticle scaffolds act as preferable crystallization centers during metallization via the Tollens reaction (step three). (41) Metallizing of structures, hollow pores, has already been reported in the literature. (42) What is novel for the current research is the fact that the presented method creates any-shape 2D patterns uniformly covered with silver.
We demonstrate the feasibility of our method by producing a pattern of conductive lines, which, incorporated into an exemplary circuit, supports current flow and the flashing of LED. We believe that this approach can be used for rapid prototyping of 2D electronics of all shapes with macroscale applications. It can be used for the assembly of micrometer-sized antennas, sensors, or simple connectors, which nowadays are often incorporated in wearable electronic systems, usually combined with triboelectric power generators. (43) Our goal was to find alternative methods for electric circuit patterning, somewhat limited in resolution, but fast, cheap, and requiring little or no laboratory-grade equipment. Furthermore, unlike classical circuit prototyping, our processing route needs no additional protective layers or chemical resists, except for the creation of replica molds.

Materials and Methods

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

Materials

Positive photoresists form an AR-P 3700 series, produced by Allresist. AgNO3 (99.9%), NH3·H2O (30%, pure for analysis), and NaOH (pure for analysis) were purchased from POCH (Avantor, Gliwice, Poland). Citric acid (C6H8O7), glucose (C6H12O6), trichloro(1,1,2,2-perfluorooctyl)silane (silanizing agent), and polyethylenimine (PEI; average Mw ∼750,000, 50% w/v in H2O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was purchased from Dow Corning under the name Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit. All reagents were used without further purification. Polyelectrolyte solutions were prepared in HPLC-grade water from Sigma-Aldrich to prevent contamination and ionic effects. For the other steps, water from the Hydrolab HLP10UV water system was used.

Preparation of Replica Mold Masters

Samples were prepared in the cleanroom of class 100 (AGH UST, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Krakow, Poland), equipped with maskless MicroWriter ML3 Pro (385 nm light source). The radiation dose was 140 mJ/cm2. The designed patterns were lines with the following dimensions: 10/15 and 25/50 μm (line width/distance between lines). For the prototype electrical device, the dimensions of the electrodes were 4 × 4 mm2. In order to pattern design, open source KLayout software was used. Before the photoresist deposition process, the silicon substrates (1 × 1 or 2 × 2 cm2, Siegert Wafer, boron-doped, <100>, resistivity 1–30 Ω·cm) were cleaned. First, they were washed with acetone and dried using N2. Then, they were washed with distilled water and dried using Ar. Next, they were immersed in acetone and sonicated for 10 min at 50 °C. After that, they were dried using Ar. This step was then repeated with immersion in methanol. The cleaned silicon substrates were heated to 100 °C and placed into a spin coater. A small amount of photoresist was added on top (typically 100 μL for 1 × 1 cm2 and 300 μL for 2 × 2 cm2 silicon substrates) to cover the whole surface in a thin layer. The following parameters were used for the spin-coating process: 6000 rpm for 45 s. After the process, the substrates were placed on a hot plate for 1 min at 100 °C. After UV exposure, the mold substrates were immersed in the developer (specific for the given photoresist) for 10 s and then put into the H2O for 30 s. The final step was to place the substrates on the hot plate (115 °C) for 1 min.

Preparation of PDMS Stamps

The prepared molds were placed into a static vacuum in a desiccator with 50 μL of silanizing agent for 30 min. The next step was to flood the molds using the mixture of PDMS resin and hardener (10:1 by weight). Molds with resin were placed in a desiccator under dynamic vacuum conditions for 1 h and then placed in the dryer for 12 h at 65 °C. The PDMS stamp was mechanically cut out afterward.

AgNPs Synthesis

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with citric acid as a capping agent were synthesized according to the modified procedure of Bastús et al. (44) Several growth and purification steps were executed, generating ∼9 nm nanoparticles. For the detailed synthesis procedures, see Section 1 in the Supporting Information. A synthesis procedure for positively charged nanoparticles is also presented there.

Preparation of Patterned PEI Layers on Substrates

Before the deposition of the polyelectrolyte layer, the silicon, glass, or polystyrene substrate and PDMS stamp (Figure 1A) were washed with isopropanol and distilled water, sonicated for 10 min, and then dried in Ar flow. Additionally, the substrates were placed into an oxygen plasma cleaner for 10 min. The PDMS stamps were immersed in the 1 mg/mL PEI solution in HPLC-grade water for 15 min (Figure 1B). The substrates were washed for 15 s by immersion in HPLC-grade water and dried in N2/Ar flow. The dried PDMS stamp was put on the target substrate for 15 min at RT (Figure 1C) and then mechanically peeled off (Figure 1D). For the substrates with high surface energy, (45) good wettability, and low contact angle, the transfer of polyelectrolyte is easier to implement. (46) If not, extended oxygen plasma treatment on the cleaned substrate is recommended.

Figure 1

Figure 1. Fabrication of patterned conductive paths on an isolating silicon surface. (A) Preparation of the PDMS stamp with the desired microstructures by means of replica molding. (B) Polyelectrolyte adsorption on the PDMS stamp. (C) Transfer of a polyelectrolyte layer onto a target surface. Transfer effectiveness depends on the surface energy of the substrate. (D) Patterned polyelectrolyte paths on the surface. (E) Controlled addition of AgNPs (PEI-AgNPs), which act as preferred crystallization sites in (F) the Tollens reaction, resulting in the formation of conductive silver paths (PEI-AgNPs-Ag).

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

Fabrication of PEI-AgNPs Paths

The AgNPs solution was sonicated for 10 min before use. This step can be either omitted or the time can vary, depending on the particular situation─e.g., if the nanoparticles do not agglomerate upon storage. After the PDMS-PEI stamp patterns were transferred to the silicon, glass, or polystyrene surface, the samples were immersed for 30 min in the AgNPs solution. Then, the samples were washed thoroughly for 30 s by immersion in HPLC-grade water and dried in Ar flow (Figure 1E). This step determines if there are any unwanted crystallization centers left between pattern lines.

Fabrication of PEI-AgNPs-Ag Conductive Paths

Silver was deposited on the Si-PEI-AgNPs substrates using the chemical reduction process (the Tollens reaction). (42) AgNO3 (0.13 g) was dissolved in 7.5 mL of water–ethanol (2:1, v/v) and heated to 60 °C. Next, 200 μL of 0.1 M NaOH solution was added. Then, a minimum of 300 μL of NH3·H2O was added to dissolve all precipitation, leaving a clear solution. The patterned silicon, glass, or polystyrene substrates with AgNPs were placed in the solution. Glucose (80 mg) was dissolved in 2 mL of the water–ethanol (2:1, v/v) solution and added to the previously prepared mixture of AgNO3, NaOH, and NH3. The deposition of the silver took usually 4 min (for 90% of the prepared samples). The growth rate of Ag was dependent on the number of crystallization centers and the temperature of the Tollens reaction. An increase in both of them shrunk the time window for good-quality metallic patterns to seconds (for a temperature of 90 °C). In the manuscript, the optimal conditions are provided, for a sample-to-sample repeatability and the process to occur within minutes. More information can be found in the Supporting Information (Section 8). After the reaction, the substrate needs to be once again thoroughly washed for 10 s by immersion in distilled water and dried in Ar flow (Figure 1F).

Characterization

Nanoparticle size and charge were measured with Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical) in the configuration for a measurement angle of 173°. The structures and morphologies of the prepared samples were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM; FEI Quanta 3D 200i) at accelerating voltages of 2 and 5 kV and with an optical microscope in the light field mode (Nikon Eclipse LV150N). Moreover, topography, thickness, and conductive parameters were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Images were obtained with a Dimension Icon XR (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA) working in the PeakForce Tapping (PFT) mode in the air using standard silicon cantilevers with a nominal spring constant of 0.4 N/m. PeakForce TUNA mode was used for conductivity imaging with a bias voltage equal to 100 mV and for collecting I–U curves from the random spots on the PEI, PEI-AgNPs, PEI-AgNPs-Ag surfaces, and reference silicon. Conductive Pt/Ir probes with a nominal spring constant of 0.4 N/m and a nominal curvature radius of 25 nm were used for all electrical measurements. The data for I–U plots for all samples were gathered under the same conditions, using the ramp mode with a setpoint value corresponding to a maximum force of 1 nN. The voltage applied between the tip and the sample surface was ramped in the range of −200 to 200 mV. The plots were recorded in at least 50 random points for each sample, and conductivity was given in S/m. Finally, four-point probe measurements were done on Keithley 4200 SCS with currents of 1–100 μA to outer electrodes. The voltage was measured between inner electrodes, and the final sheet resistance was given in Ω/sq.

Theoretical Model Simulations

The electric field gradients and NPs deposition process were solved numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. (47) The model was based on ACDC, Chemical Engineering, and Particle Tracing modules. All simulations were performed in a two-dimensional geometry. A detailed description of the parameters used is presented in Section 4 in the Supporting Information.

Results and Discussion

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

Fabrication and Characterization of Conductive Paths

To construct the conductive paths on the flat silicon surface, we first transferred a thin polyelectrolyte layer from a PDMS replica mold with the pattern of parallel lines onto a cleaned surface of silicon, glass, or polystyrene. In the next step, the substrate with the polyelectrolyte pattern was immersed for 30 min in a solution of recently synthesized AgNPs (for details, see Section 1 in the Supporting Information) capped with negatively charged citric acid molecules. The size dispersion of nanoparticles does not play a crucial role at this stage─nanoparticle pattern acted as a scaffold in the next step of the process. The resulting hybrid polyelectrolyte–nanoparticle pattern (PEI-AgNPs) was washed and immersed in the Tollens reagent. The resulting substrate with PEI-AgNPs-Ag conductive paths was then used in further experiments.
The silicon substrates obtained in each step of the procedure were examined using SEM and AFM. As shown in Figure 2B.1, the conductive pattern assembly starts by transferring the PEI monolayer, developed with layer-by-layer (LbL) methodology, resulting in uniform transfer of the nanofilm onto a silicon substrate. The typical PEI coverage in the middle of the macroscopic pattern was measured to be 3.6 ± 0.3 nm, with an RMS roughness of 0.2 ± 0.1 nm, a value higher than the typical polyelectrolyte monolayer prepared by immersive assembly (thickness of 1–2 nm). (48,49) This difference in the PEI layer thickness can be caused by the fact that the layer is being transferred by stamping, instead of being directly grown from solution─similar to roll-to-roll processed films. (50) As a reference, the bare PEI monolayer on a silicon wafer, obtained from a solution, reached a thickness of 1.9 ± 0.1 nm (see Figure S6 in the Supporting Information). This typical thickness value of the bare PEI monolayer confirms that the increased thickness of the patterned PEI layer is related to the process of transferring it from the PDMS stamp. Immersion and AgNPs deposition caused changes in both the average surface height and surface roughness─for the sample denoted as PEI-AgNPs. Easily recognizable nanoparticle clusters (Figure 2B.2) had increased the thickness of the layer to up to 26.2 ± 2.5 nm and the RMS to 4.1 ± 0.8 nm. This was in line with the DLS size distribution of AgNPs. Moreover, AgNPs cover the polyelectrolyte film in a homogeneous way─as expected from the electrostatically driven interaction (attraction) of nanoparticles with the polyelectrolyte layer. In contrast, the bare silicon substrate cannot hold nanoparticles at the surfaces while being washed with water due to the lack of the necessary electrostatic interactions. This behavior allows efficient conductive surfaces to be fabricated only in the desired areas, yet due to electrostatic interactions, particles do not construct a continuous layer. Taking the above into consideration, the Tollens reaction was carried out to improve the continuity and conducting properties of the thin patterns obtained. The AgNPs electrostatically attracted to the PEI layer behaved as crystallization seeds for uniform and continuous silver layer formation. A fully functionalized PEI-AgNPs-Ag pattern is shown in Figure 2A.1 and 2B.3. The thickness of the layer had increased to 81.4 ± 8.6 nm, with an RMS roughness of 18.3 ± 1.8 nm. Allowing the Tollens reaction to run for elongated periods of time or in higher temperatures or with more concentrated substrates resulted in either coverage of both treated and untreated surfaces or production of a thicker (>100 nm) yet more rough top surface of patterns. For these reasons, the metallization processing procedure needed prior optimization steps─regarding reaction time, temperature, and substrate concentrations. The process was deemed completed after either microscopic evaluation of pattern quality or conductivity measurements.

Figure 2

Figure 2. SEM images of PEI-AgNPs-Ag patterned paths (A. Top overview) on silicon (1), glass (2), and polystyrene (3) and (B. Borderlines) SEM images on the silicon surface with the corresponding AFM cross sections of patterned paths: (1) after adhesive transfer of PEI, (2) after adsorption of AgNPs (PEI-AgNPs), and (3) after crystallization of Ag (PEI-AgNPs-Ag).

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
The described procedure is universal for different substrates─conducive paths were obtained also for glass (Figure 2A.2) and polystyrene (Figure 2A.3) substrates and were very close in construction to their analogue on silicon. The quality and homogeneity of patterned structures ensure the continuity of both layers on a small and a macroscale. For paths on the polystyrene substrate, the edges are not as clear as in the case of other substrates, which is due to the significant roughness of the substrate.
Metallic patterns can be created as positive or negative regarding patterns on the initial PDMS stamp. This effect can be controlled by a proper choice of polarities of both polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. Section 2 in the Supporting Information contains exemplary results of the silicon substrates covered uniformly by poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)─a polyelectrolyte of negative polarity. On top of the positively polarized PEI pattern was stamped. Finally, the sample was immersed in positively charged AgNPs. That way, inverted scaffolds were created, as only the negatively polarized surface, not protected by the PEI layer, was covered with AgNPs. The metallic pattern was inverted with respect to the pattern obtained following the procedure described in the main text.
A nanoparticle-based scaffold is a necessity for the final metallic pattern to appear. Otherwise, when omitting the nanoparticle assembly step, concomitant metal crystallization will take place on the whole surface of the substrate. This happens even despite the fact that the silicon substrate is PEI-patterned (Section 3 in the Supporting Information).

Theoretical Prediction of the Electrostatically Driven Nanoparticle Agglomeration Process

We modeled the electric field over an area where positively charged and non-charged lines meet. Based on the experimental data, we estimated the thickness of the deposited polymer to be 5 nm; hence, the lines have an interface with the surrounding electrolyte solution at y = 5 nm and y = 0 nm for the charged and non-charged parts, respectively. The details on the geometry of the system are given in Section 4 and shown in Figure S4 in the Supporting Information. The results of electric field screening are shown in Figure 3A,B. A nonzero value of field components indicates that there is an electrostatic force acting on the nanoparticles. Its primary role is associated with the Ey component, as it attracts particles vertically to the charged surface and stabilizes the deposit. At the point of contact of both lines, there is also a nonzero horizontal force component that leads to the migration of particles from the area over the non-charged line toward the charged interface. Despite the fast decay of the electric field, with a Debye length of λd=6.9 nm, the electrostatic force is effective at attracting nanoparticles from a distance of up to ∼100 nm into the solution. This is visible in Figure 3B.2 as the depletion zone surrounding the charged line interface. The deposition process, from the random distribution of NPs at tstart to the final state at tend, is shown in Figure 3B. To trace the adsorption kinetics of this process, we introduced the dimensionless surface coverage factor θ, defined as θ = Nd/Ndmax, where Nd is the number of deposited NPs and Ndmax is the maximum number of particles that can be arranged into a 1D monolayer on the surface of the charged line. For the purpose of this simulation, Ndmax = 14.53. To validate the model, we compared our results for field screening with the analytical form of the Gouy–Chapman theory suitable for planar interfaces. (51) As shown in Figure 3A, we obtained perfect agreement between both solutions. More on the adsorption kinetics and theoretical calculations can be found in Section 4 in the Supporting Information.

Figure 3

Figure 3. (A) Components of the electric field: (1) vertical (Ey) and (2) horizontal (Ex). Ey was plotted at three positions at x = 0 nm, x = 250 nm, and x = 500 nm. Ex was plotted at three positions above the line/electrolyte interface at y = 1 nm, y = 6.9 nm, and y = 13.8 nm. (B) Snapshots of the AgNPs adsorption process on a charged PEI pattern, shown at tstart (B.1) and tend (B.2).

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

Conductivity Determination

Non-functionalized surfaces of the bare silicon maintained their insulating properties (average sheet resistance on the order of 9 × 103 Ω/sq), whereas fully functionalized PEI-AgNPs-Ag surfaces achieved macroscopically measured sheet resistance on the order of 9 × 101 Ω/sq. Sheet resistance was measured for samples without patterns─i.e., fully covered by layers of substrates─PEI, AgNPs, and Ag polycrystalline film form the Tollens reaction. Moreover, the PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths were found to be highly conductive, as shown in the AFM images captured in the PF-TUNA mode (Figure 4A.1) and in the AFM current–voltage (I–U) plots captured in the spectroscopic mode (Figure 4A.2). The current map of the PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths exhibits high conductance for all modified surfaces. This is consistent with the homogeneous coverage of the PEI path with the AgNPs and metallic silver after the Tollens reaction (Figure 4 and Figure S7 in the Supporting Information). Similar results were obtained for PEI-AgNPs-Ag patterns on polystyrene (Figure 4B) and glass (Figure 4C). The conductivity measurements at the nanoscale in the system studied rely on the electrical contact between the AFM probe and the conductive surface of the paths. (52) This contact may vary slightly from one I–U curve to another, as the roughness of the surface determines the contact area between the AFM probe and the surface. However, the narrow distribution of the measured conductance (dI/dU) allows calculations of the electrical conductivity (σ) for the fabricated samples. Based on the plots shown in Figure 4D.3 and calculations described in Section 7 in the Supporting Information, the electrical conductivity of PEI-AgNPs-Ag can be estimated to be 1 × 104 S/m, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that measured for the PEI-AgNPs sample before the Tollens reaction (2 × 102 S/m, plot presented in Figure 4D.2). The current–voltage characteristic of PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths resembles the one for linear resistor, whereas PEI-AgNPs paths are conductive only in small potential ranges─from −100 to +100 mV. For higher potentials, nonlinear response is registered, limiting eventually the current, a behavior describing devices with high internal resistance. The value of σ for PEI paths on the silicon surface (Figure 4D.1) was estimated to be 7 × 10–4 S/m, which is slightly higher than the value for the bare silicon (3 × 10–4 S/m) measured in the reference and the value for the non-covered areas between PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths. It is worth mentioning that to keep the process suitable for electric circuit prototyping, the conductivity contrast between different types of surfaces (treated vs untreated) should exceed 103 S/m, (53,54) which can easily be achieved with the fabrication method proposed here.

Figure 4

Figure 4. (A) AFM PF-TUNA images of PEI-AgNPs-Ag: (1) topography and (2) current on silicon (A), polystyrene (B), and glass (C) substrates. All images are in the same scale, presented beside the figures in A. (D) Representative I–U plots of layers on silicon: (1) PEI, (2) PEI-AgNPs, and (3) PEI-AgNPs-Ag.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

Macroscale Working Electrical Circuit

The conductive PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths on silicon wafers were used as a passive element in an exemplary electrical circuit presented in Figure 5. The paths fabricated on a silicon wafer patterned with an array of 277 parallel lines (20 mm long, 25 μm wide, separated by 50 μm) were arranged on a 20 × 20 mm2 square. In the middle of each edge of the square was a metallic pad. Parallel lines ran through all the available space, creating a 20 mm long conductive path between opposite pads. The idea behind the design was to show the 2D anisotropy of the surface conductivity, so two opposite pads were connected with a PEI-AgNPs-Ag path, while two others were not. As shown in Figure 5A, for the circuit wires connected to nonbonded pads, the red LED did not flash, indicating no current flow. As expected, in this configuration, the circuit was not closed, resulting in the lack of electric conduction. In contrast, when the wires connected to the opposite pads were bonded together with patterned PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths (Figure 5B), this caused the diode to light up. That is clear evidence that the patterned and then metalized surface is capable of sustaining current flow. Furthermore, the fabrication of a working circuit confirms that the presented method is not only feasible but can be implemented in the production of macroscale devices. Another example of a macroscale pattern substrate on a 45 × 25 mm2 surface was fabricated without any inconvenience (see Figure S11 in the Supporting Information).

Figure 5

Figure 5. The prototype electric circuit built from an isolating silicon wafer patterned with 10 mm long AgNPs-based conductive paths. (A) No current flows through the paths oriented perpendicularly to the power source. (B) Parallel orientation of the paths with respect to the power source allows for current flow. (C) A photo of the prototype: (1) a silicon wafer with conductive paths, (2) a 3 V battery, (3) a red LED attached to a 100 Ω resistor, and (4) micromanipulators.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

Conclusions

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
This work demonstrates a practical use of a facile, fast, and cheap method of enhanced assembly of silver conductive nanoparticles into patterns, guided by polyelectrolyte (polyethylenimine (PEI)) 2D scaffolds stamped on different rigid surfaces─silicon, glass, or polystyrene. The agglomeration of colloidal AgNPs results in semi-conductive paths (102 S/m). The only requirement for the agglomeration to happen is for the surface charge of nanoparticles to be of opposed polarity to patterned polyelectrolyte lines. The conductive properties of nanoparticle decorated patterns can be easily enhanced by the Tollens reaction, resulting in further crystallization of Ag on already present centers (AgNPs). The whole process takes place in 60 °C and yields patterns of increased conductivity (104 S/m). Structures are produced with micrometer resolution. They are characterized by high uniformity (<100 nm thickness, <20 nm roughness) and span across macroscopic scale areas (∼2 cm).
Through the course of the current publication, we demonstrated that the effects of electrostatic attraction can be made pattern-selective. By means of simple procedures, thin-layer transfer stamping and rigid substrate immersion in different solutions, it is possible to functionalize the areas of several cm2. An increase in the electrical conductivity is first ascertained by nanoparticles covered with a polar capping agent and additionally by further agglomeration of a metal. The most crucial step in the process is the initial concentration of the functionalized nanoparticles where the pattern is to form. This limits further functionality, as for some applications, the distance between particles must be specified. For example, to support minimal electric current flow, the particles should be interconnected. The latter could be done by increase of nanoparticle concentration or by vortex-assisted assembly. (55)
Many ideas of preparing 2D shapes made out of nanostructured silver have been scattered throughout the literature, yet no ultimate all-substrate, low-temperature, high-yield, large-area process has been found so far. What is unique with the method presented is the fact that laboratory-grade equipment is needed only during the production of customized master for PDMS stamps. Later, only three simple technical steps are needed for device scaffold assembly─stamping, immersion, followed by further chemical metallization. Each of these procedures consumes relatively cheap and abundant ingredients only. Such an approach is surprisingly not so common, and usually functional patterning requires more involvement from the researchers─either several laser scans, (56) an increased number of different techniques of sample fabrication, (57) or the need for repeated processing. (58) In some cases, only one specific substrate is compatible, (59) as the origin of pattering is based on chemisorption. In other cases, one can directly transfer nanostructures on a variety of substrates, (60) yet must use a shadow mask for every transfer. Some of the methods use polymeric stamps to carve out desired patterns from the pre-functionalized substrates─e.g., with nanowires dispersed on the surface. (61) Compared to the previous methods, the one presented here can deliver patterns of better resolution and with lower conductive surface roughness. To stay objective though, the ideas mentioned before result in either similar or even better sample surface conductivity. Some of the superior quality techniques unfortunately lack patterning options (62) or produce samples with higher roughness. (63)
As far as future advancement is deliberated, the most obvious addition to sample processing would be to include temperature annealing, leading to the improvement of the electrical conductivity of samples. Other improvements would include the use of polar nanoparticles with fluorescent properties, including fluorescent probe-modified metallic nanoparticles or perovskite nanostructures. Polar magnetic nanoparticles can also be used as functional moieties to generate microscale any-shape magnetic fields. The presented technique should also be optimal for another type of nanostructures, such as nanowires or nanoflakes. For substrates with surface energies high enough, the first part of the process, transferring of the polyelectrolyte pattern, could be implemented on non-flat or flexible substrates. To achieve better quality of patterns, the polyelectrolyte patterning technique should be automated in future implementations.

Supporting Information

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.2c02559.

  • Synthetic procedures and characterization of AgNP, details on the electric field modeling and deposition of AgNPs, and estimation of the conductivity of PEI-AgNPs and PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths (PDF)

Terms & Conditions

Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

Author Information

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To
  • Corresponding Author
  • Authors
    • Michał Szuwarzyński - Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    • Łukasz Mazur - Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;  Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    • Mariusz Borkowski - Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;  Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
    • Krzysztof Maćkosz - Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;  Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;  Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
    • Konrad Giżyński - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
  • Author Contributions

    M.S. and Ł.M. contributed equally to this work. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.

  • Notes
    The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Acknowledgments

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

T.M., Ł.M., and M.B. are grateful for the financial support of the National Science Centre, Sonata (grant no. 2018/31/D/ST5/02813). The work of K.G. was supported by the National Science Centre, Sonata (grant no. 2019/35/D/ST5/03613). Moreover, we would like to thank Prof. Konrad Szaciłowski (ACMiN AGH) for all the help with the preparation of the manuscript.

References

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

This article references 63 other publications.

  1. 1
    Alaa, M.; Zaidan, A. A.; Zaidan, B. B.; Talal, M.; Kiah, M. L. M. A Review of Smart Home Applications Based on Internet of Things. J. Network Comput. Appl. 2017, 97, 48– 65,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jnca.2017.08.017
    [Crossref], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  2. 2
    Ashraf, I.; Umer, M.; Majeed, R.; Mehmood, A.; Aslam, W.; Yasir, M. N.; Choi, G. S. Home Automation Using General Purpose Household Electric Appliances with Raspberry Pi and Commercial Smartphone. PLoS One 2020, 15, e0238480  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238480
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    2
    Home automation using general purpose household electric appliances with Raspberry Pi and commercial smartphone
    Ashraf, Imran; Umer, Muhammad; Majeed, Rizwan; Mehmood, Arif; Aslam, Waqar; Yasir, Muhammad Naveed; Choi, Gyu Sang
    PLoS One (2020), 15 (9), e0238480CODEN: POLNCL; ISSN:1932-6203. (Public Library of Science)
    This study presents the design and implementation of a home automation system that focuses on the use of ordinary elec. appliances for remote control using Raspberry Pi and relay circuits and does not use expensive IP-based devices. Common Lights, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), fans, and other electronic devices are among the appliances that can be used in this system. A smartphone app is designed that helps the user to design the smart home to his actual home via easy and interactive drag & drop option. The system provides control over the appliances via both the local network and remote access. Data logging over the Microsoft Azure cloud database ensures system recovery in case of gateway failure and data record for lateral use. Periodical notifications also help the user to optimize the usage of home appliances. Moreover, the user can set his preferences and the appliances are auto turned off and on to meet user-specific requirements. Raspberry Pi acting as the server maintains the database of each appliance. HTTP web interface and apache server are used for communication between the android app and raspberry pi. With a 5v relay circuit and micro-processor Raspberry Pi, the proposed system is low-cost, energy-efficient, easy to operate, and affordable for low-income houses.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhvFaksLnP&md5=9d0bb9ff1f038370bb5d2c60381dc242
  3. 3
    Kim, D. H.; Ahn, J. H.; Won, M. C.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, T. H.; Song, J.; Huang, Y. Y.; Liu, Z.; Lu, C.; Rogers, J. A. Stretchable and Foldable Silicon Integrated Circuits. Science 2008, 320, 507– 511,  DOI: 10.1126/science.1154367
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    3
    Stretchable and Foldable Silicon Integrated Circuits
    Kim, Dae-Hyeong; Ahn, Jong-Hyun; Choi, Won Mook; Kim, Hoon-Sik; Kim, Tae-Ho; Song, Jizhou; Huang, Yonggang Y.; Liu, Zhuangjian; Lu, Chun; Rogers, John A.
    Science (Washington, DC, United States) (2008), 320 (5875), 507-511CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
    The authors have developed a simple approach to high-performance, stretchable, and foldable integrated circuits. The systems integrate inorg. electronic materials, including aligned arrays of nanoribbons of single cryst. silicon, with ultrathin plastic and elastomeric substrates. The designs combine multilayer neutral mech. plane layouts and wavy structural configurations in silicon complementary logic gates, ring oscillators, and differential amplifiers. The authors performed three-dimensional anal. and computational modeling of the mechanics and the electronic behaviors of these integrated circuits. Collectively, the results represent routes to devices, such as personal health monitors and other biomedical devices, that require extreme mech. deformations during installation/use and electronic properties approaching those of conventional systems built on brittle semiconductor wafers.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXkvFGktrg%253D&md5=bc62e3e480b82f28256fb01687573f60
  4. 4
    Bhargava, C.; Khanal, G. M. 3 Physical Design Automation. In Advanced VLSI Technology: Technical Questions and Solutions; River Publishers, 2020; pp. 71– 92.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  5. 5
    Wang, Y.; Guo, H.; Chen, J.; Sowade, E.; Wang, Y.; Liang, K.; Marcus, K.; Baumann, R. R.; Feng, Z. Paper-Based Inkjet-Printed Flexible Electronic Circuits. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 26112– 26118,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06704
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    5
    Paper-Based Inkjet-Printed Flexible Electronic Circuits
    Wang, Yan; Guo, Hong; Chen, Jin-ju; Sowade, Enrico; Wang, Yu; Liang, Kun; Marcus, Kyle; Baumann, Reinhard R.; Feng, Zhe-sheng
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2016), 8 (39), 26112-26118CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    Printed flexible electronics have been widely studied for their potential use in various applications. In this paper, a simple, low-cost method of fabricating flexible electronic circuits with high cond. of 4.0 × 107 S·m-1 (about 70% of the cond. of bulk copper) is demonstrated. Teslin paper substrate is treated with stannous chloride (SnCl2) colloidal soln. to reduce the high ink absorption rate, and then the catalyst ink is inkjet-printed on its surface, followed by electroless deposition of copper at low temp. In spite of the decrease in conductance to some extent, electronic circuits fabricated by this method can maintain function even under various folding angles or after repeated folding. This developed technol. has great potential in a variety of applications, such as three-dimensional devices and disposable RFID tags.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVCmsb%252FE&md5=6644330b9fec181723b0d844234140aa
  6. 6
    Xia, Y.; Whitesides, G. M. Soft Lithography. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 550– 575,  DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19980316)37:5<550::AID-ANIE550>3.0.CO;2-G
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    6
    Soft lithography
    Xia, Younan; Whitesides, George M.
    Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (1998), 37 (5), 550-575CODEN: ACIEF5; ISSN:1433-7851. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH)
    A review with 197 refs. is given. Microfabrication, the generation of small structures, is essential to much of modern science and technol.; it supports information technol. and permeates society through its role in microelectronics and optoelectronics. The patterning required in microfabrication is usually carried out with photolithog. Although it is difficult to find another technol. with more dominant influence, photolithog. nonetheless has disadvantages. The sizes of the features it can produce are limited by optical diffraction, and the high-energy radiation needed for small features requires complex facilities and technologies. Photolithog. is expensive; it cannot be easily applied to nonplanar surfaces; it tolerates little variation in the materials that can be used; and it provides almost no control over the chem. of patterned surfaces, esp. when complex org. functional groups of the sorts needed in chem., biochem., and biol. are involved. We wished to develop alternative, non-photolithog. microfabrication methods that would complement photolithog. These techniques would ideally circumvent the diffraction limits of photolithog., provide access to three-dimensional structures, tolerate a wide range of materials and surface chemistries, and be inexpensive, exptl. convenient, and accessible to mol. scientists. We have developed a set of such methods that we call "soft lithog.", since all members share the common feature that they use a patterned elastomer as the mask, stamp, or mold. We describe here soft lithog., and survey its ability to provide routes to high-quality patterns and structures with lateral dimensions of about 30 nm to 500 μm in systems presenting problems in topol., materials, or mol.-level definition that cannot (or at least not easily) be solved by photolithog.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1cXitleltbs%253D&md5=4a91bb2aa4fd8e0fd3cf402caab96be5
  7. 7
    Xia, Y.; Kim, E.; Zhao, X. M.; Rogers, J. A.; Prentiss, M.; Whitesides, G. M. Complex Optical Surfaces Formed by Replica Molding Against Elastomeric Masters. Science 1996, 273, 347– 349,  DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5273.347
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    7
    Complex optical surfaces formed by replica molding against elastomeric masters
    Xia, Younan; Kim, Enoch; Zhao, Xiao-Mei; Rogers, John A.; Prentiss, Mara; Whitesides, George M.
    Science (Washington, D. C.) (1996), 273 (5273), 347-349CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
    Complex, optically functional surfaces in org. polymers can be fabricated by replicating relief structures present on the surface of an elastomeric master with an UV or thermally curable org. polymer, while the master is deformed by compression, bending, or stretching. The versatility of this procedure for fabricating surfaces with complex, micrometer- and submicrometer-scale patterns was demonstrated by the prodn. of (1) diffraction gratings with periods smaller than the original grating; (2) chirped, blazed diffraction gratings (where the period of a chirped grating changes continuously with position) on planar and curved surfaces; (3) patterned microfeatures on the surfaces of approx. hemispherical objects (for example, an optical surface similar to a fly's eye); and (4) arrays of rhombic microlenses. These topol. complex, micropatterned surfaces are difficult to fabricate with other techniques.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK28Xktl2isrY%253D&md5=26acc0a8a71684fa83be61d93f56604b
  8. 8
    Rosenberg, M.; Schvartzman, M. Direct Resistless Soft Nanopatterning of Freeform Surfaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 43494– 43499,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13494
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    8
    Direct Resistless Soft Nanopatterning of Freeform Surfaces
    Rosenberg, Maor; Schvartzman, Mark
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2019), 11 (46), 43494-43499CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    Nanoimprint is broadly used to pattern thin polymer films on rigid substrates. The resulted patterns can be used either as functional nanostructures, or as masks for a pattern transfer. Also, nanoimprint could, in principle, be used for the direct patterning of thermoformable substrates with functional nanostructures, however, the resulted global substrate deformation makes this approach unpractical. Here, we present a new approach for the direct nanoimprint of thermoformable substrates with functional nanostructures through precise maintaining the of substrate shape. Our approach is based on elastomeric stamps soaked in org. solvent, which diffuses into the imprinted substrate, plasticizes its surface, and thereby allows its imprint at the temp. below its glass transition point. Using this approach, we imprinted features at the 20-nm scale, which is comparable to that demonstrated by convention nanoimprint techniques. We illustrated the applicability of our approach by producing functional antireflective nanostructures onto flat and curved optical substrates. In both cases, we achieved full pattern transfer and maintained the shape of the imprinted substrates - a combination that has not been demonstrated so far. Our approach substantially expands the capabilities of nanoimprint, and paves the way to its numerous applications, which have been impossible by existing nanopatterning technologies.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXitVGmt7rE&md5=9272511bf076f44c05e23d9ec6b34395
  9. 9
    Bourguignon, N.; Olmos, C. M.; Sierra-Rodero, M.; Peñaherrera, A.; Rosero, G.; Pineda, P.; Vizuete, K.; Arroyo, C. R.; Cumbal, L.; Lasorsa, C.; Perez, M. S.; Lerner, B. Accessible and Cost-Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1433– 1442,  DOI: 10.1002/polb.24726
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    9
    Accessible and Cost-Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold
    Bourguignon, Natalia; Olmos, Carol M.; Sierra-Rodero, Marina; Penaherrera, Ana; Rosero, Gustavo; Pineda, Pedro; Vizuete, Karla; Arroyo, Carlos R.; Cumbal, Luis; Lasorsa, Carlos; Perez, Maximiliano S.; Lerner, Betiana
    Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics (2018), 56 (21), 1433-1442CODEN: JPBPEM; ISSN:0887-6266. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
    This work describes a novel and cost-effective method of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchips fabrication by using a printing plate photopolymer called Flexcel as a master mold (Fmold). This method has demonstrated the ability to generate multiple devices from a single master, reaching a min. channel size of 25 μm, structures height ranging from 53 to 1500 μm and achieving dimensions of 1270 × 2062 mm2, which are larger than those obtained by the known techniques to date. SEM, at. force microscopy, and profilometry techniques have been employed to characterize the Fmold and PDMS replicas. The results showed high replication fidelity of Fmold to the PDMS replica. Furthermore, it was proved the reusability of the Fmold. In our study, up to 50 PDMS replicas have been fabricated without apparent degrdn. of the mold. The feasibility of the resulting PDMS replica was effectively demonstrated using a microfluidic device for enhanced oil recovery anal. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhslahtbfN&md5=1537d486012d4c66bf74b85f1703461c
  10. 10
    Baytekin, H.; Baytekin, B.; Hermans, T.; Kowalczyk, B.; Grzybowski, B. Control of Surface Charges by Radicals. Science 2013, 341, 1368– 1371
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    10
    Control of Surface Charges by Radicals as a Principle of Antistatic Polymers Protecting Electronic Circuitry
    Baytekin, H. Tarik; Baytekin, Bilge; Hermans, Thomas M.; Kowalczyk, Bartlomiej; Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
    Science (Washington, DC, United States) (2013), 341 (6152), 1368-1371CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
    Even minute quantities of elec. charge accumulating on polymer surfaces can cause shocks, explosions, and multibillion-dollar losses to electronic circuitry. This paper demonstrates that to remove static electricity, it is not at all necessary to target the charges themselves. Instead, the way to discharge a polymer is to remove radicals from its surface. These radicals colocalize with and stabilize the charges; when they are scavenged, the surfaces discharge rapidly. This radical-charge interplay allows for controlling static electricity by doping common polymers with small amts. of radical-scavenging mols., including the familiar vitamin E. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by rendering common polymers dust-mitigating and also by using them as coatings that prevent the failure of electronic circuitry.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhsVCmu7rF&md5=97a757ea35425c9d8eb06d3e31d96bca
  11. 11
    Baytekin, B.; Baytekin, H. T.; Grzybowski, B. A. What Really Drives Chemical Reactions on Contact Charged Surfaces?. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7223– 7226,  DOI: 10.1021/ja300925h
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    11
    What Really Drives Chemical Reactions on Contact Charged Surfaces?
    Baytekin, Bilge; Baytekin, H. Tarik; Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society (2012), 134 (17), 7223-7226CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
    Although it is known that contact-electrified polymers can drive chem. reactions, the origin of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To date, it was accepted that this effect is due to excess electrons developed on neg. charged surfaces and to the subsequent transfer of these electrons to the reactants in soln. The present study demonstrates that this view is incorrect and, in reality, the reactions are driven by mechanoradicals created during polymer-polymer contact.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xltl2htLw%253D&md5=df7b72d12ad36bf77b1cbfb1733f8a47
  12. 12
    Dai, J.; Bruening, M. L. Catalytic Nanoparticles Formed by Reduction of Metal Ions in Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 497– 501,  DOI: 10.1021/nl025547l
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    12
    Catalytic Nanoparticles Formed by Reduction of Metal Ions in Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films
    Dai, Jinhua; Bruening, Merlin L.
    Nano Letters (2002), 2 (5), 497-501CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
    Alternating adsorption of polyethyleneimine-metal ion complexes and poly(acrylic acid) results in the formation of multilayered polyelectrolyte films. Post-deposition redn. of the silver and platinum metal ions by heating or exposure to NaBH4 then yields composite films contg. metal nanoparticles. UV/visible spectroscopy and TEM confirm the formation of well-dispersed nanoparticles with sizes (4-30 nm) that depend on the concn. of metal ions initially in the film. These films are effective as both catalysts and antimicrobial coatings.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38Xis1Citbc%253D&md5=185c709dc7c9ed39ceb2a2d95682b894
  13. 13
    Tokura, Y.; Moriyama, Y.; Hiruta, Y.; Shiratori, S. Paper-Based Assay for Ascorbic Acid Based on the Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Layer-by-Layer Multilayers. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2019, 2, 241– 249,  DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.8b01782
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    13
    Paper-Based Assay for Ascorbic Acid Based on the Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Layer-by-Layer Multilayers
    Tokura, Yuki; Moriyama, Yukari; Hiruta, Yuki; Shiratori, Seimei
    ACS Applied Nano Materials (2019), 2 (1), 241-249CODEN: AANMF6; ISSN:2574-0970. (American Chemical Society)
    A simple, portable, and cost-effective paper-based colorimetric assay is developed for ascorbic acid (AA) with excellent properties, such as fast response, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and good stability. AA is an important nutrient for human life, and adequate quantification of AA is required for controlling the intake of AA for health management. Moreover, point-of-care anal., which is a simple, easy-to-use, and cost-effective anal. method for unskilled users, has been a focus in the medical and health care fields. The authors fabricate a colorimetric paper-based assay with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer-by-layer self-assembly contg. silver ions for the point-of-care anal. of AA. The color of the assay is changed from white to yellow and then to dark-brown after immersion in AA soln. because of the redn. of silver ions to silver nanoparticles by AA and the localized surface plasmon resonance of the generated silver nanoparticles. The assay shows a fast response to AA of only 60 s and a sensitivity to AA (limit of detection is 0.4 ppm). Furthermore, the colorimetric assay exhibits a high selectivity for AA compared with other compds. contained in human fluid and various drinks. The concn. of AA in various com. products is quantified by the assay with the same accuracy as high-performance liq. chromatog. The design of the PAH/PAA multilayers contg. silver ions for a fast response, highly sensitive, and selective colorimetric assay will contribute to the development of point-of-care anal. for the early detection of diseases as well as controlling the intake of nutrients.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXisFWisr3N&md5=3eb2ace90136ac82b4d1ae0d52d66a57
  14. 14
    Cho, J.; Caruso, F. Investigation of the Interactions between Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 4547– 4553,  DOI: 10.1021/cm050972b
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    14
    Investigation of the Interactions between Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films
    Cho, Jinhan; Caruso, Frank
    Chemistry of Materials (2005), 17 (17), 4547-4553CODEN: CMATEX; ISSN:0897-4756. (American Chemical Society)
    The authors examine the interactions between Au nanoparticles stabilized by the 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP-AuNP) and various polyelectrolytes (PEs), both in soln. and in layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled multilayer films. UV-visible spectrophotometry studies showed that the plasmon absorption band of the DMAP-AuNP in soln. red shifts and broadens in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), or poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). Probably the polyanion PSS electrostatically assocs. with the nanoparticles, while PAH and PEI bond through the amine functionalities, despite having the same charge as the nanoparticles. But the addn. of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) to a DMAP-AuNP dispersion has no influence on either the peak position or shape of the absorption spectrum of the nanoparticles, indicating no interaction. PE/nanoparticle hybrid films were assembled by a single-step adsorption of the DMAP-AuNP into preassembled LbL PE multilayer films. The interactions between the DMAP-AuNP and the multilayer films were studied by UV-visible spectrophotometry, quartz crystal microgravimetry, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. These expts. revealed that PAH/PSS films have a highly uniform and dense DMAP-AuNP coverage, which is attributed to the bonds formed between the nanoparticles and PAH and PSS in the films. Addnl., the DMAP-AuNP adsorbed amt. and the nanoparticle-nanoparticle interactions (and hence film optical properties) can be controlled by the no. of preassembled PAH/PSS bilayers. But for PDADMAC/PSS films only a sparse and nonuniform DMAP-AuNP coating is obtained, and an irregular trend between PE bilayer no. and DMAP-AuNP adsorbed amt. was obsd. The combined interactions originating from PAH and PSS with DMAP-AuNP facilitate the prepn. of stable nanoparticle/PE thin films with tailored optical properties. Such films may be exploited in diverse areas, including electrochem. sensing, colloidal crystals, and controlled delivery.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXms1KnurY%253D&md5=81840dc3d0511309dddd7779266f94e8
  15. 15
    Szuwarzyński, M.; Wolski, K.; Kruk, T.; Zapotoczny, S. Macromolecular Strategies for Transporting Electrons and Excitation Energy in Ordered Polymer Layers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2021, 101433,  DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    15
    Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers
    Szuwarzynski, Michal; Wolski, Karol; Kruk, Tomasz; Zapotoczny, Szczepan
    Progress in Polymer Science (2021), 121 (), 101433CODEN: PRPSB8; ISSN:0079-6700. (Elsevier Ltd.)
    Electronic energy transfer and the migration of electrons generated via photoinduced electron transfer are key processes for the conversion of solar energy in natural photosynthetic systems. The proper arrangement of chromophores, electron donors and acceptors, or mol. wires on the scale of nanometers is a prerequisite for creating synthetic systems capable of achieving the high energy conversion efficiencies seen in nature. Ordered polymer layers that are adsorbed-to, or grafted-from, surfaces can serve as systems for harvesting of light and directional transfer of energy and electrons in confined environments. Moreover, ordered layers can act as templates for the desired ordering of different photoactive nanoobjects necessary for the development of optoelectronic devices, mol. electronics, and nanosensors. Herein, various macromol. strategies are reviewed for synthesizing and arranging polymer chains on surfaces to improve the transport of electrons and excitation energy at interfaces. Specifically, the versatile layer-by-layer assembly method for forming thin films from polyelectrolytes and other charged nanoobjects, and the formation of surface-tethered polymer brushes, esp. conjugated ones, with various chain architectures are presented together with their applications. The impact of various macromol. architectures and compns. are discussed in relation to the performance of the polymer and polymer-templated films. Further development of the field could focus on precise engineering of macromols. with complex architectures, precise positioning of active groups along the chains, towards mimicking the natural systems and their performance.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3MXhvVymt7zE&md5=b393c97f3e91d8497d0205434c7fd7d0
  16. 16
    Oren, R.; Liang, Z.; Barnard, J. S.; Warren, S. C.; Wiesner, U.; Huck, W. T. S. Organization of Nanoparticles in Polymer Brushes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1670– 1671,  DOI: 10.1021/ja8090092
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    16
    Organization of Nanoparticles in Polymer Brushes
    Oren, Ron; Liang, Ziqi; Barnard, Jonathan S.; Warren, Scott C.; Wiesner, Ulrich; Huck, Wilhelm T. S.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society (2009), 131 (5), 1670-1671CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
    We have demonstrated a facile infiltration process, in which gold nanoparticles are assembled into block copolymer brushes. After solvent annealing, the polymer-covered nanoparticles are either sequestered into the corresponding block copolymer domain or expulsed from the brush, depending on the shell d. of the nanoparticles.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXptlOrtQ%253D%253D&md5=22aedc8d1ba233720f5969d669331534
  17. 17
    Ferhan, A. R.; Kim, D.-H. In-Stacking: A Strategy for 3D Nanoparticle Assembly in Densely-Grafted Polymer Brushes. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 1274– 1277,  DOI: 10.1039/C1JM15180K
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    17
    In-stacking: a strategy for 3D nanoparticle assembly in densely-grafted polymer brushes
    Ferhan, Abdul Rahim; Kim, Dong-Hwan
    Journal of Materials Chemistry (2012), 22 (4), 1274-1277CODEN: JMACEP; ISSN:0959-9428. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    We introduce a facile strategy to obtain dense 3-dimensional assembly of non-functionalized gold nanoparticles into unmodified, end-tethered poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) bottle brushes of high grafting densities. Referred to as in-stacking, we present its mechanism based on evidence from UV-vis absorbance, AFM and FESEM.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhvFKlsg%253D%253D&md5=f1d40dbd080757c98bbdedcf5577ff47
  18. 18
    Górka-Kumik, W.; Garbacz, P.; Lachowicz, D.; Da̧bczyński, P.; Zapotoczny, S.; Szuwarzyński, M. Tailoring Cellular Microenvironments Using Scaffolds Based on Magnetically-Responsive Polymer Brushes. J. Mater. Chem. B 2020, 8, 10172– 10181,  DOI: 10.1039/D0TB01853H
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    18
    Tailoring cellular microenvironments using scaffolds based on magnetically-responsive polymer brushes
    Gorka-Kumik, Weronika; Garbacz, Paula; Lachowicz, Dorota; Dabczynski, Pawel; Zapotoczny, Szczepan; Szuwarzynski, Michal
    Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine (2020), 8 (44), 10172-10181CODEN: JMCBDV; ISSN:2050-7518. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    A variety of polymeric scaffolds with the ability to control cell detachment has been created for cell culture using stimuli-responsive polymers. However, the widely studied and commonly used thermo-responsive polymeric substrates always affect the properties of the cultured cells due to the temp. stimulus. Here, we present a different stimuli-responsive approach based on poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (poly(APTAC)) brushes with homogeneously embedded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Neuroblastoma cell detachment was triggered by an external magnetic field, enabling a non-invasive process of controlled transfer into a new place without addnl. mech. scratching and chem./biochem. compd. treatment. Hybrid scaffolds obtained in simultaneous surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymn. (SI-ATRP) were characterized by at. force microscopy (AFM) working in the magnetic mode, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and XPS to confirm the magnetic properties and chem. structure. Moreover, neuroblastoma cells were cultured and characterized before and after exposure to a neodymium magnet. Controlled cell transfer triggered by a magnetic field is presented here as well.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXitFKjsLjK&md5=efb5a1a68d2762521a1687ac08607388
  19. 19
    Górka, W.; Kuciel, T.; Nalepa, P.; Lachowicz, D.; Zapotoczny, S.; Szuwarzyński, M. Homogeneous Embedding of Magnetic Nanoparticles into Polymer Brushes during Simultaneous Surface-Initiated Polymerization. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 456,  DOI: 10.3390/nano9030456
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    19
    Homogeneous embedding of magnetic nanoparticles into polymer brushes during simultaneous surface-initiated polymerization
    Gorka, Weronika; Kuciel, Tomasz; Nalepa, Paula; Lachowicz, Dorota; Zapotoczny, Szczepan; Szuwarzynski, Michal
    Nanomaterials (2019), 9 (3), 456pp.CODEN: NANOKO; ISSN:2079-4991. (MDPI AG)
    Here we present a facile and efficient method of controlled embedding of inorg. nanoparticles into an ultra-thin (<15 nm) and flat (~ 1.0 nm) polymeric coating that prevents unwanted aggregation. Hybrid polymer brushes-based films were obtained by simultaneous incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with diams. of 8-10 nm into a polycationic macromol. matrix during the surface initiated atom transfer radical polymn. (SI-ATRP) reaction in an ultrasonic reactor. The proposed structures characterized with homogeneous distribution of sepd. nanoparticles that maintain nanometric thickness and strong magnetic properties are a good alternative for commonly used layers of crosslinked nanoparticles aggregates or bulk structures. Obtained coatings were characterized using at. force microscopy (AFM) working in the magnetic mode, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and XPS.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXht1ais73E&md5=d3df45683efe77ca966eba99fcf13579
  20. 20
    Onses, M. S.; Wan, L.; Liu, X.; Kiremitler, N. B.; Yılmaz, H.; Nealey, P. F. Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared Using Block Copolymer Lithography. ACS Macro Lett. 2015, 1356– 1361,  DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00644
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    20
    Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared Using Block Copolymer Lithography
    Onses, M. Serdar; Wan, Lei; Liu, Xiaoying; Kiremitler, N. Burak; Yilmaz, Hatice; Nealey, Paul F.
    ACS Macro Letters (2015), 4 (12), 1356-1361CODEN: AMLCCD; ISSN:2161-1653. (American Chemical Society)
    We present a high-throughput and inexpensive fabrication approach that uses self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) films as templates to generate dense nanoscale chem. patterns of polymer brushes for the selective immobilization of Au nanoparticles (NPs). A cross-linked random copolymer mat that contains styrene and Me methacrylate units serves both as a base layer for perpendicular assembly of nanoscale domains of poly(styrene-block-Me methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films and as a nonadsorbing background layer that surrounds the chem. patterns. The selective removal of the PMMA block and the underlying mat via oxygen plasma etching generates binding sites which are then functionalized with poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brushes. Au NPs with a diam. of 13 nm selectively immobilize on the patterned P2VP brushes. An essential aspect in fabricating high quality chem. patterns is the superior behavior of Me methacrylate contg. cross-linked mats in retaining their chem. during the grafting of P2VP brushes. The use of BCPs with different mol. wts. and vol. fractions allows for prepn. of chem. patterns with different geometries, sizes, and pitches for generating arrays of single particles that hold great promise for applications that range from mol. sensing to optical devices.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhvFyjsr%252FP&md5=9cb14e9d986941d28c4b16aa7efe36bf
  21. 21
    Ha, M.; Kim, J.-H.; You, M.; Li, Q.; Fan, C.; Nam, J.-M. Multicomponent Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Heterostructured Nanoparticles to Colloidal Composite Nanostructures. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 12208– 12278,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00234
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    21
    Multicomponent Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Heterostructured Nanoparticles to Colloidal Composite Nanostructures
    Ha, Minji; Kim, Jae-Ho; You, Myunghwa; Li, Qian; Fan, Chunhai; Nam, Jwa-Min
    Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2019), 119 (24), 12208-12278CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
    A review. Plasmonic nanostructures possessing unique and versatile optoelectronic properties were vastly studied over the past decade. However, the full potential of plasmonic nanostructure has not yet been fully exploited, particularly with single-component homogeneous structures with monotonic properties, and the addn. of new components for making multicomponent nanoparticles may lead to new-yet-unexpected or improved properties. Here the authors define the term multi-component nanoparticles as hybrid structures composed of ≥2 condensed nanoscale domains with distinctive material compns., shapes, or sizes. The designing principles and synthetic strategies are discussed to efficiently combine multiple components to form hybrid nanoparticles with a new or improved plasmonic functionality. It was quite challenging to precisely synthesize widely diverse multicomponent plasmonic structures, limiting realization of the full potential of plasmonic heterostructures. To address this challenge, several synthetic approaches were reported to form a variety of different multicomponent plasmonic nanoparticles, mainly based on heterogeneous nucleation, at. replacements, adsorption on supports, and biomol.-mediated assemblies. The unique and synergistic features of multicomponent plasmonic nanoparticles, such as combination of pristine material properties, finely tuned plasmon resonance and coupling, enhanced light-matter interactions, geometry-induced polarization, and plasmon-induced energy and charge transfer across the heterointerface, were reported. The latest advances on state-of-art synthetic strategies, unique properties, and promising applications of multicomponent plasmonic nanoparticles are comprehensively summarized. These plasmonic nanoparticles including heterostructured nanoparticles and composite nanostructures are prepd. by direct synthesis and phys. force- or biomol.-mediated assembly, which hold tremendous potential for plasmon-mediated energy transfer, magnetic plasmonics, metamols., and nanobiotechnol.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXit12jsr%252FJ&md5=45980f9edd3d9df3af3bfce24217d116
  22. 22
    Ma, Z.; Mohapatra, J.; Wei, K.; Liu, J. P.; Sun, S. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Anisotropy, and Applications. Chem. Rev. 2021,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00860
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  23. 23
    Astruc, D. Introduction: Nanoparticles in Catalysis. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 461– 463,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00696
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    23
    Introduction: Nanoparticles in Catalysis
    Astruc, Didier
    Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2020), 120 (2), 461-463CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
    There is no expanded citation for this reference.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXnvFOhtg%253D%253D&md5=037ea134ea7f895ff4fc93839ad81a04
  24. 24
    Kim, T. H.; Jang, E. Y.; Lee, N. J.; Choi, D. J.; Lee, K. J.; Jang, J. T.; Choi, J. S.; Moon, S. H.; Cheon, J. Nanoparticle Assemblies as Memristors. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2229– 2233,  DOI: 10.1021/nl900030n
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    24
    Nanoparticle Assemblies as Memristors
    Kim, Tae Hee; Jang, Eun Young; Lee, Nyun Jong; Choi, Deung Jang; Lee, Kyung-Jin; Jang, Jung-tak; Choi, Jin-sil; Moon, Seung Ho; Cheon, Jinwoo
    Nano Letters (2009), 9 (6), 2229-2233CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
    Recently a memristor, the fourth fundamental passive circuit element, was demonstrated as thin film device operations. A new addn. to the memristor family can be nanoparticle assemblies consisting of an infinite no. of monodispersed, cryst. magnetite (Fe3O4) particles. Assembly of nanoparticles that have sizes below 10 nm, exhibits at room temp. a voltage-current hysteresis with an abrupt and large bipolar resistance switching (ROFF/RON ≈ 20). Interestingly, obsd. behavior could be interpreted by adopting an extended memristor model that combines both a time-dependent resistance and a time-dependent capacitance. We also obsd. that such behavior is not restricted to magnetites; it is a general property of nanoparticle assemblies as it was consistently obsd. in different types of spinel structured nanoparticles with different sizes and compns. Further investigation into this new nanoassembly system will be of importance to the realization of the next generation nanodevices with potential advantages of simpler and inexpensive device fabrications.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXlt12muro%253D&md5=01529bed3d51197fa407bdb58b8e0fa0
  25. 25
    Bishop, K. J. M.; Wilmer, C. E.; Soh, S.; Grzybowski, B. A. Nanoscale Forces and Their Uses in Self-Assembly. Small 2009, 5, 1600– 1630,  DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900358
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    25
    Nanoscale forces and their uses in self-assembly
    Bishop, Kyle J. M.; Wilmer, Christopher E.; Soh, Siowling; Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
    Small (2009), 5 (14), 1600-1630CODEN: SMALBC; ISSN:1613-6810. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    A review. The ability to assemble nanoscopic components into larger structures and materials depends crucially on the ability to understand in quant. detail and subsequently "engineer" the interparticle interactions. This Review provides a crit. examn. of the various interparticle forces (van der Waals, electrostatic, magnetic, mol., and entropic) that can be used in nanoscale self-assembly. For each type of interaction, the magnitude and the length scale are discussed, as well as the scaling with particle size and interparticle distance. In all cases, the discussion emphasizes characteristics unique to the nanoscale. These theor. considerations are accompanied by examples of recent exptl. systems, in which specific interaction types were used to drive nanoscopic self-assembly. Overall, this Review aims to provide a comprehensive yet easily accessible resource of nanoscale-specific interparticle forces that can be implemented in models or simulations of self-assembly processes at this scale.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXpsV2ltLg%253D&md5=6bf8d9f5c31d0769c351c72fd6d13099
  26. 26
    Gole, A.; Sainkar, S. R.; Sastry, M. Electrostatically Controlled Organization of Carboxylic Acid Derivatized Colloidal Silver Particles on Amine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 1234– 1239,  DOI: 10.1021/cm990439u
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    26
    Electrostatically Controlled Organization of Carboxylic Acid Derivatized Colloidal Silver Particles on Amine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers
    Gole, Anand; Sainkar, S. R.; Sastry, Murali
    Chemistry of Materials (2000), 12 (5), 1234-1239CODEN: CMATEX; ISSN:0897-4756. (American Chemical Society)
    The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of an arom. bifunctional mol., 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on Au and the subsequent organization of carboxylic acid derivatized Ag colloidal particles is described. Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) measurements were used to follow the formation of 4-ATP SAMs as well as electrostatic assembly of the colloidal Ag particles on the SAM surface. The electrostatic interaction between the neg. charged colloidal particle surface-bound carboxylic acid groups and the terminal amine groups in the SAM can be modulated by variation of the colloidal soln. pH. This enables control over the surface coverage of the colloidal particles on the SAM surface with a max. surface coverage of 18% being attained. The SAMs as well as the colloidal particle covered SAM films were further characterized with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive anal. of x-rays (EDAX) measurements.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3cXitlyltr0%253D&md5=d5c3e8b529147cbb31f3525c41ded114
  27. 27
    Farcau, C.; Moreira, H.; Viallet, B.; Grisolia, J.; Ressier, L. Tunable Conductive Nanoparticle Wire Arrays Fabricated by Convective Self-Assembly on Nonpatterned Substrates. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 7275– 7282,  DOI: 10.1021/nn102128w
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    27
    Tunable conductive nanoparticle wire arrays fabricated by convective self-assembly on nonpatterned substrates
    Farcau, Cosmin; Moreira, Helena; Viallet, Benoit; Grisolia, Jeremie; Ressier, Laurence
    ACS Nano (2010), 4 (12), 7275-7282CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
    Ordered arrays of centimeter-long nanoparticle wires are fabricated by convective self-assembly from aq. suspensions of 18 nm gold colloids, on flat SiO2/Si substrates without any prepatterning. The orientation of the wires can be switched from parallel to perpendicular to the substrate-liq.-air contact line by controlling the substrate temp. While the wires parallel to the meniscus are obtained by a stick-slip process, a mechanism based on crit. d.-triggered particle pinning is proposed to explain the formation of wires perpendicular to the meniscus. The geometry of the wire arrays is tuned by simply controlling the meniscus translation speed. Wires are typically characterized by widths of a few micrometers (1.8-8.2 μm), thicknesses of mono- to multilayers (18-70 nm), and spacings of few tens of micrometers. The fabricated nanoparticle wires are conductive, exhibiting a metallic resistive behavior in ambient conditions. Resistivity values of 5 × 10-6 and 5 × 10-2 Ωm are obtained on multilayer and monolayer nanoparticle wires, resp. Such conductive nanoparticle wire arrays, fabricated by a simple and low-cost bottom-up strategy, offer opportunities for developing nanoparticle-based functional devices.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtlKjsLbE&md5=28f2e4e3ccc01da22d9dd8109f9e3e6a
  28. 28
    Karnaushenko, D.; Kang, T.; Bandari, V. K.; Zhu, F.; Schmidt, O. G. 3D Self-Assembled Microelectronic Devices: Concepts, Materials, Applications. Adv. Mater. 2020, 1902994,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902994
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    28
    Self-assembled 3D microelectronic devices: Concepts, materials, applications
    Karnaushenko, Daniil; Kang, Tong; Bandari, Vineeth K.; Zhu, Feng; Schmidt, Oliver G.
    Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2020), 32 (15), 1902994CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    Modern microelectronic systems and their components are essentially 3D devices that have become smaller and lighter in order to improve performance and reduce costs. To maintain this trend, novel materials and technologies are required that provide more structural freedom in 3D over conventional microelectronics, as well as easier parallel fabrication routes while maintaining compatibility with existing manufg. methods. Self-assembly of initially planar membranes into complex 3D architectures offers a wealth of opportunities to accommodate thin-film microelectronic functionalities in devices and systems possessing improved performance and higher integration d. Existing work in this field, with a focus on components constructed from 3D self-assembly, is reviewed, and an outlook on their application potential in tomorrow's microelectronics world is provided.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhslOhurjP&md5=324fb2456e9885f54f225eb2d90232f7
  29. 29
    Xia, Y.; Rogers, J. A.; Paul, K. E.; Whitesides, G. M. Unconventional Methods for Fabricating and Patterning Nanostructures. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1823– 1848,  DOI: 10.1021/cr980002q
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    29
    Unconventional methods for fabricating and patterning nanostructures
    Xia, Younan; Rogers, John A.; Paul, Kateri E.; Whitesides, George M.
    Chemical Reviews (Washington, D. C.) (1999), 99 (7), 1823-1848CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
    A review with 286 refs. is given. The subject includes strategies for fabricating patterned nanostructure, current technologies with broad flexibility in patterning, new methods with the potential for broad flexibility in patterning, techniques for making regular or simple patterns, new concepts not yet demonstrated for 10-nm-scale patterning.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1MXjtVyisr8%253D&md5=c0eee106b66ed87108ccc8824530e7c7
  30. 30
    Farcau, C.; Moreira, H.; Viallet, B.; Grisolia, J.; Ciuculescu-Pradines, D.; Amiens, C.; Ressier, L. Monolayered Wires of Gold Colloidal Nanoparticles for High-Sensitivity Strain Sensing. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 14494– 14499,  DOI: 10.1021/jp202166s
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    30
    Monolayered Wires of Gold Colloidal Nanoparticles for High-Sensitivity Strain Sensing
    Farcau, Cosmin; Moreira, Helena; Viallet, Benoit; Grisolia, Jeremie; Ciuculescu-Pradines, Diana; Amiens, Catherine; Ressier, Laurence
    Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011), 115 (30), 14494-14499CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
    High-sensitivity resistive strain gauges based on electron tunneling in assemblies of gold colloidal nanoparticles are fabricated and characterized. The active area of these strain gauges consists in well-defined arrays of parallel, few micrometer wide wires of close-packed 18 nm gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticle wires were obtained by convective self-assembly (CSA) on flexible polyethylene terephtalate substrates, without any lithog. prepatterning. The fine control over the thickness and the width of the nanoparticle wires through the substrate temp. and the meniscus speed during the CSA process allows demonstrating the strong impact of the dimensionality (2-dimensional or 3D) of the nanoparticle assembly on the strain gauge sensitivity. Wires made of a single monolayer of nanoparticles turn out to give strain gauges about three times more sensitive than those made of multilayers. The simplicity and versatility of convective self-assembly over other alternative methods make this technique very suitable for the reliable and low-cost fabrication of miniaturized, highly sensitive nanoparticle-based strain gauges.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXotVaks7Y%253D&md5=fd8df675d628bfeba712dd6a2d19341a
  31. 31
    Kim, D.-H.; Lu, N.; Ghaffari, R.; Rogers, J. A. Inorganic Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Bio-Integrated Electronics. NPG Asia Mater. 2012, 4, e15– e15,  DOI: 10.1038/am.2012.27
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    31
    Inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials for flexible and stretchable bio-integrated electronics
    Kim, Dae-Hyeong; Lu, Nanshu; Ghaffari, Roozbeh; Rogers, John A.
    NPG Asia Materials (2012), 4 (April), e15/1-e15/9CODEN: NAMPCE; ISSN:1884-4057. (Nature Publishing Group)
    A review. Rapid advances in semiconductor nanomaterials, techniques for their assembly, and strategies for incorporation into functional systems now enable sophisticated modes of functionality and corresponding use scenarios in electronics that cannot be addressed with conventional, wafer-based technologies. This short review highlights enabling developments in the synthesis of one- and two-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials (i.e., NWs and nanomembranes), their manipulation and use in various device components together with concepts in mechanics that allow integration onto flexible plastic foils and stretchable rubber sheets. Examples of systems that combine with or are inspired by biol. illustrate the current state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhtFOiurrM&md5=4f81809b995f7c43a4ab1e65d128d276
  32. 32
    Li, H.; Lesnyak, V.; Manna, L. Solution-Processable Quantum Dots. In Large Area and Flexible Electronics; Wiley Online Books, 2015; pp. 163– 186.
    [Crossref], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  33. 33
    Pu, X. Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting. Flexible Wearable Electron. Smart Clothing 2020, 30, 67– 86,  DOI: 10.1002/9783527818556.ch4
    [Crossref], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  34. 34
    Yuan, K.; Hu, T.; Chen, Y. Flexible and Wearable Solar Cells and Supercapacitors. In Flexible and Wearable Electronics for Smart Clothing; Wiley Online Books, 2020; pp. 87– 129.
    [Crossref], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  35. 35
    Wu, Z. S.; Parvez, K.; Feng, X.; Müllen, K. Graphene-Based in-Plane Micro-Supercapacitors with High Power and Energy Densities. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2487,  DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3487
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    35
    Influenza neuraminidase operates via a nucleophilic mechanism and can be targeted by covalent inhibitors
    Vavricka, Christopher J.; Liu, Yue; Kiyota, Hiromasa; Sriwilaijaroen, Nongluk; Qi, Jianxun; Tanaka, Kosuke; Wu, Yan; Li, Qing; Li, Yan; Yan, Jinghua; Suzuki, Yasuo; Gao, George F.
    Nature Communications (2013), 4 (Feb.), ncomms2487, 8 pp.CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Publishing Group)
    Development of novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors is crit. for preparedness against influenza outbreaks. Knowledge of the neuraminidase enzymic mechanism and transition-state analog, 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid, contributed to the development of the first generation anti-neuraminidase drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir. However, lack of evidence regarding influenza neuraminidase key catalytic residues has limited strategies for novel neuraminidase inhibitor design. Here, we confirm that influenza neuraminidase conserved Tyr406 is the key catalytic residue that may function as a nucleophile; thus, mechanism-based covalent inhibition of influenza neuraminidase was conceived. Crystallog. studies reveal that 2α,3ax-difluoro-N-acetylneuraminic acid forms a covalent bond with influenza neuraminidase Tyr406 and the compd. was found to possess potent anti-influenza activity against both influenza A and B viruses. Our results address many unanswered questions about the influenza neuraminidase catalytic mechanism and demonstrate that covalent inhibition of influenza neuraminidase is a promising and novel strategy for the development of next-generation influenza drugs.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXptVGrur4%253D&md5=6d499f49bd125d181abc79be82b20956
  36. 36
    Sun, S.; Mendes, P.; Critchley, K.; Diegoli, S.; Hanwell, M.; Evans, S. D.; Leggett, G. J.; Preece, J. A.; Richardson, T. H. Fabrication of Gold Micro- and Nanostructures by Photolithographic Exposure of Thiol-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 345– 350,  DOI: 10.1021/nl052130h
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    36
    Fabrication of Gold Micro- and Nanostructures by Photolithographic Exposure of Thiol-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles
    Sun, Shuqing; Mendes, Paula; Critchley, Kevin; Diegoli, Sara; Hanwell, Marcus; Evans, Stephen D.; Leggett, Graham J.; Preece, Jon A.; Richardson, Tim H.
    Nano Letters (2006), 6 (3), 345-350CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
    Exposure of thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles supported on silicon wafers to UV light leads to oxidn. of the thiol mols. and coagulation of the nanoparticles, forming densified structures that are resistant to removal by solvent exposure. Unoxidized particles may, in contrast, readily be removed leaving gold structures behind at the surface. This process provides a convenient and simple route for the fabrication of gold structures with dimensions ranging from micrometers to nanometers. The use of masks enables micrometer-scale structures to be fabricated rapidly. Exposure of nanoparticles to light from a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) leads to the formation of gold nanowires. The dimensions of these nanowires depend on the method of prepn. of the film: for spin-cast films, a width of 200 nm was achieved. However, this was reduced significantly, to 60 nm, for Langmuir-Schaeffer films.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28Xhs1Ciur8%253D&md5=0d7d4e1735cbad15b140abf9d0f1ee5f
  37. 37
    Kim, T. H.; Cho, K. S.; Lee, E. K.; Lee, S. J.; Chae, J.; Kim, J. W.; Kim, D. H.; Kwon, J. Y.; Amaratunga, G.; Lee, S. Y.; Choi, B. L.; Kuk, Y.; Kim, J. M.; Kim, K. Full-Colour Quantum Dot Displays Fabricated by Transfer Printing. Nat. Photonics 2011, 5, 176– 182,  DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.12
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    37
    Full-colour quantum dot displays fabricated by transfer printing
    Kim, Tae-Ho; Cho, Kyung-Sang; Lee, Eun Kyung; Lee, Sang Jin; Chae, Jungseok; Kim, Jung Woo; Kim, Do Hwan; Kwon, Jang-Yeon; Amaratunga, Gehan; Lee, Sang Yoon; Choi, Byoung Lyong; Kuk, Young; Kim, Jong Min; Kim, Kinam
    Nature Photonics (2011), 5 (3), 176-182CODEN: NPAHBY; ISSN:1749-4885. (Nature Publishing Group)
    Light-emitting diodes with quantum dot luminophores show promise in the development of next-generation displays, because quantum dot luminophores demonstrate high quantum yields, extremely narrow emission, spectral tunability and high stability, among other beneficial characteristics. However, the inability to achieve size-selective quantum dot patterning by conventional methods hinders the realization of full-color quantum dot displays. Here, we report the first demonstration of a large-area, full-color quantum dot display, including in flexible form, using optimized quantum dot films, and with control of the nano-interfaces and carrier behavior. Printed quantum dot films exhibit excellent morphol., well-ordered quantum dot structure and clearly defined interfaces. These characteristics are achieved through the solvent-free transfer of quantum dot films and the compact structure of the quantum dot networks. Significant enhancements in charge transport/balance in the quantum dot layer improve electroluminescent performance. A method using plasmonic coupling is also suggested to further enhance luminous efficiency. The results suggest routes towards creating large-scale optoelectronic devices in displays, solid-state lighting and photovoltaics.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXisFWqsrg%253D&md5=49897b18889f033c745e6db58625a01f
  38. 38
    Santhanam, V.; Andres, R. P. Microcontact Printing of Uniform Nanoparticle Arrays. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 41– 44,  DOI: 10.1021/nl034851r
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    38
    Microcontact Printing of Uniform Nanoparticle Arrays
    Santhanam, Venugopal; Andres, Ronald P.
    Nano Letters (2004), 4 (1), 41-44CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
    Uniform, close-packed monolayer and bilayer arrays of alkanethiol-coated gold nanoparticles have been used as "ink" for microcontact printing (μCP) following the technique of Xia and Whitesides (Y. Xia et al., 1997). The process is accomplished in two steps. First, a uniform monolayer of the nanoparticles is self-assembled on a water surface and is transferred intact to a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp pad by the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) method. In the case of multilayer printing, this "inking" step is repeated as many times as desired. Because multilayer arrays are assembled on the stamp pad layer-by-layer, adjacent layers may be made up of the same or different particles. The nanoparticles are transferred to a solid substrate by conformal contact of the stamp pad and the substrate. The technique has been used to print patterned monolayer and bilayer arrays on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. The quality of the transferred arrays has been verified optically and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This new μCP technique should be applicable to any particles that can be spread as a monolayer on a water surface and promises to be useful for nanofabrication.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3sXpsVamu7k%253D&md5=2f6a98ae91883a8ea860affc6b2f7059
  39. 39
    Zheng, H.; Rubner, M. F.; Hammond, P. T. Particle Assembly on Patterned “Plus/Minus” Polyelectrolyte Surfaces via Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping. Langmuir 2002, 18, 4505– 4510,  DOI: 10.1021/la020044g
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    39
    Particle Assembly on Patterned "Plus/Minus" Polyelectrolyte Surfaces via Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping
    Zheng, Haipeng; Rubner, Michael F.; Hammond, Paula T.
    Langmuir (2002), 18 (11), 4505-4510CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    Polymer-on-polymer stamping, the direct transfer of polyelectrolytes to oppositely charged surfaces, has been used to create alternate regions of "plus/minus (+/-)" charge on surfaces for the fabrication of colloidal particle arrays. Here, new approaches are also presented to create two types of smaller-scale patterns, ring patterns and small-dot patterns, by tuning the stamping conditions and stamp pretreatment. This method provides a means of forming numerous micron to submicron scale arrays atop a polyelectrolyte multilayer surface on substrates ranging from glass and silicon to plastic. Direct stamping of a polyelectrolyte atop solid charged surfaces such as silicon oxide may also be used to template colloid deposition.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38XjtFGmur4%253D&md5=d828d9d3b7e6b9503d075b69af02e751
  40. 40
    Oćwieja, M.; Adamczyk, Z.; Morga, M.; Michna, A. High Density Silver Nanoparticle Monolayers Produced by Colloid Self-Assembly on Polyelectrolyte Supporting Layers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 364, 39– 48,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.059
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    40
    High density silver nanoparticle monolayers produced by colloid self-assembly on polyelectrolyte supporting layers
    Ocwieja, Magdalena; Adamczyk, Zbigniew; Morga, Maria; Michna, Aneta
    Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2011), 364 (1), 39-48CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A stable silver nanoparticle suspension was synthesized via the redn. of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride and sodium citrate. The particle's shape and size distribution were measured by various methods. The electrophoretic mobility measurements revealed that the zeta potential of particles was highly neg., increasing slightly with the ionic strength, from -52 mV for I = 10-5 M to -35 mV for I = 3 × 10-2 M (for pH = 5.5). The zeta potential of mica modified by the adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes: PEI and PAH was also detd. using the streaming potential measurements. The modified mica sheets were used as substrates for particle monolayers formed via colloid self assembly. The kinetics of this process, proceeding under diffusion-controlled transport conditions, was quant. evaluated by a direct enumeration of particles using the AFM and SEM techniques. Both the kinetics of particle deposition and the max. surface concn. were detd. From the slope of the initial deposition rates, the equiv. diam. of particles is 16 nm, in agreement with previous measurements. Based on this finding, an efficient method of detg. particle size in suspension was proposed. Also for higher ionic strengths, the max. coverage of particle monolayers on PAH modified mica exceeded 0.39. The kinetic data were quant. interpreted in terms of the random sequential adsorption (RSA) model using the effective hard particle concept.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1WmtLbK&md5=3204e0027328b7b50e0c31a97da126fd
  41. 41
    Tollens, B. Ueber Ammon-Alkalische Silberlösung Als Reagens Auf Aldehyd. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1882, 15, 1635– 1639,  DOI: 10.1002/cber.18820150243
    [Crossref], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  42. 42
    Ruiz-Trejo, E.; Atkinson, A.; Brandon, N. P. Metallizing Porous Scaffolds as an Alternative Fabrication Method for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes. J. Power Sources 2015, 280, 81– 89,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.091
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    42
    Metallizing porous scaffolds as an alternative fabrication method for solid oxide fuel cell anodes
    Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique; Atkinson, Alan; Brandon, Nigel P.
    Journal of Power Sources (2015), 280 (), 81-89CODEN: JPSODZ; ISSN:0378-7753. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A combination of electroless and electrolytic techniques is used to incorporate Ni into a porous Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.90 scaffold. First a porous backbone was screen printed into a YSZ electrolyte using an ink that contains sacrificial pore formers. Once sintered, the scaffold was coated with Ag using Tollens' reaction followed by electrodeposition of Ni in a Watts bath. At high temps. the Ag forms droplets enabling direct contact between the gadolinia-doped ceria and Ni. Using impedance spectroscopy anal. in a sym. cell a total area specific resistance of 1 Ωcm2 at 700° in 97% H2 with 3% H2O was found, indicating the potential of this fabrication method for scaling up.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVGitL4%253D&md5=faf355f9620a9afe5812c8911b5f046c
  43. 43
    Zhu, Y.; Yang, B.; Liu, J.; Wang, X.; Wang, L.; Chen, X.; Yang, C. A Flexible and Biocompatible Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Tunable Internal Resistance for Powering Wearable Devices. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 22233,  DOI: 10.1038/srep22233
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    43
    A flexible and biocompatible triboelectric nanogenerator with tunable internal resistance for powering wearable devices
    Zhu, Yanbo; Yang, Bin; Liu, Jingquan; Wang, Xingzhao; Wang, Luxian; Chen, Xiang; Yang, Chunsheng
    Scientific Reports (2016), 6 (), 22233CODEN: SRCEC3; ISSN:2045-2322. (Nature Publishing Group)
    Recently, triboelec. energy nanogenerators (TENGs) have been paid the most attention by many researchers to convert mech. energy into elec. energy. TENGs usually have a simple structure and a high output voltage. However, their high internal resistance results in low output power. In this work, we propose a flexible triboelec. energy nanogenerator with the double-side tribol. layers of polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). MWCNTs with different concns. have been doped into PDMS to tune the internal resistance of triboelec. nanogenerator and optimize its output power. The dimension of the fabricated prototype is ∼3.6 cm3. Three-axial force sensor is used to monitor the applied vertical forces on the device under vertical contact-sepn. working mode. The Prototype with 10 wt% MWCNT (Prototype I) produces higher output voltage than one with 2 wt% MWCNT (Prototype II) due to its higher dielec. parameter measured by LRC impedance analyzer. The triboelec. output voltages of Prototype I and Prototype II are 30 V and 25 V under the vertical force of 3.0 N, resp. Their max. triboelec. output powers are ∼130 μW at 6 MΩ and ∼120 μW at 8.6 MΩ under vertical forces, resp.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XjsFeht7g%253D&md5=2cff01caec9c842094a3d79a268ddcce
  44. 44
    Bastús, N.; Merkoçi, F.; Piella, J.; Puntes, V. Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse Citrate- Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles of up to 200 Nm: Kinetic Control and Catalytic Properties. Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 2836– 2846,  DOI: 10.1021/cm500316k
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    44
    Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles of up to 200 nm: Kinetic Control and Catalytic Properties
    Bastus, Neus G.; Merkoci, Florind; Piella, Jordi; Puntes, Victor
    Chemistry of Materials (2014), 26 (9), 2836-2846CODEN: CMATEX; ISSN:0897-4756. (American Chemical Society)
    Highly monodisperse sodium citrate-coated spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with controlled sizes ranging from 10 to 200 nm have been synthesized by following a kinetically controlled seeded-growth approach via the redn. of silver nitrate by the combination of two chem. reducing agents: sodium citrate and tannic acid. The use of traces of tannic acid is fundamental in the synthesis of silver seeds, with an unprecedented (nanometric resoln.) narrow size distribution that becomes even narrower, by size focusing, during the growth process. The homogeneous growth of Ag seeds is kinetically controlled by adjusting reaction parameters: concns. of reducing agents, temp., silver precursor to seed ratio, and pH. This method produces long-term stable aq. colloidal dispersions of Ag NPs with narrow size distributions, relatively high concns. (up to 6 × 1012 NPs/mL), and, more important, readily accessible surfaces. This was proved by studying the catalytic properties of as-synthesized Ag NPs using the redn. of Rhodamine B (RhB) by sodium borohydride as a model reaction system. As a result, we show the ability of citrate-stabilized Ag NPs to act as very efficient catalysts for the degrdn. of RhB while the coating with a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer dramatically decreased the reaction rate.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXltF2ltL4%253D&md5=250b5040d10cd969c65325c2d41b49dd
  45. 45
    Fowkes, F. M. Attractive Forces at Interfaces. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1964, 56, 40– 52,  DOI: 10.1021/ie50660a008
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    45
    Attractive forces at interfaces
    Fowkes, Frederick M.
    Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (1964), 56 (12), 40-52CODEN: IECHAD; ISSN:0019-7866.
    London dispersion force contributions to the surface free energy (London, CA 31, 28829) are used to calc. surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angles, heats and free energies of adsorption and immersion, and the long range van der Waals forces. Thus, [γ]12 = [γ]1 + [γ]2 - 2([γ]1d[γ]2d)1/2, where [γ]12 is the interfacial free energy between 2 substances, [γ]1 and [γ]2 are the surface free energies of each substance, and [γ]1d and [γ]2d are the dispersion force contributions of each substance. When a vapor is adsorbed on a solid and the adsorbate is in equil. with liquid adsorbate, this equation can be combined with a known relationship to form an equation: [γ]Sd = ( [π]e + 2[γ]L)2/4[γ]Ld,where [γ]Sd and [γ]Ld are dispersion force contributions of solid and liquid, resp., [γ]L is the surface free energy of the liquid, and [π]e, is the decrease in surface free energy resulting from adsorption. From this equation, [γ]Sd is calcd. as 122 ergs/sq. cm. for graphite during the adsorption of n-heptane at 25°. This value compares with 109 ergs/sq. cm. as calcd. from the contact angle of H2O on graphite. For a given adsorbate, the adsorptive power of an adsorbent increases with increasing values of [γ]Sd. Similar relationships can be set up between [γ]Sd and [γ]Ld and surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angles, heats and free energies of immersion, heat of adsorption, and long range van der Waals forces. The accuracy of values verifiable by expt. indicates that predictions of unverifiable quantities can be trusted.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaF2MXhvFWgsg%253D%253D&md5=8400d479cbcaf4500e6a05eaaced5087
  46. 46
    Jiang, X.; Zheng, H.; Gourdin, S.; Hammond, P. T. Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping: Universal Approaches to Chemically Patterned Surfaces. Langmuir 2002, 18, 2607– 2615,  DOI: 10.1021/la011098d
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    46
    Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping: Universal Approaches to Chemically Patterned Surfaces
    Jiang, Xueping; Zheng, Haipeng; Gourdin, Shoshana; Hammond, Paula T.
    Langmuir (2002), 18 (7), 2607-2615CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    A new approach to create chem. patterned surfaces utilizing polymers and copolymers is introduced. In this approach, chem. patterns are achieved by the direct stamping of functional polymers onto a surface contg. complementary functional groups. The resulting pattern is then used as a template for the further deposition of materials on the surface. This concept can be applied to various functional polymer and substrate systems as well as different thin film deposition techniques. This approach is demonstrated with the direct stamping of polystyrene-poly(acrylic acid) block copolymers (PS-PAA) to create alternating hydrophobic/hydrophilic regions and polyelectrolytes to create alternating pos. and neg. charged regions. This approach has been used for patterning surfaces and templating materials deposition. When a patterned polyelectrolyte film is used as the base layer or substrate in this process, functionality can be incorporated in the underlying layer, making this approach particularly relevant to device and sensor applications. This approach is universal to a no. of substrates, many of which can be used to adsorb a polyelectrolyte layer to provide a functional surface. Various substrates such as Si, glass, and plastic can be patterned with this method with relative ease, and without the need for traditional alkanethiol or silane monolayers. Factors such as stamping temp., contact time, and substrate pretreatment on the nature of the transferred pattern have been investigated and will be discussed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38XitVKrsLw%253D&md5=335e261fafa2e51c0bc84d0ac83b86f3
  47. 47
    COMSOL. Multiphysics® v. 5.4 ., Stockholm, Sweden. 2018.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  48. 48
    Richardson, J. J.; Björnmalm, M.; Caruso, F. Technology-Driven Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Nanofilms. Science 2015, 348, aaa2491,  DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2491
    [Crossref], [PubMed], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  49. 49
    Sohling, U.; Schouten, A. J. Investigation of the Adsorption of Dioleoyl-l-α-Phosphatidic Acid Mono- and Bilayers from Vesicle Solution onto Polyethylenimine-Covered Substrates. Langmuir 1996, 12, 3912– 3919,  DOI: 10.1021/la950433t
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    49
    Investigation of the adsorption of dioleoyl-L-α-phosphatidic acid mono- and bilayers from vesicle solution onto polyethylenimine-covered substrates
    Sohling, Ulrich; Schouten, Arend Jan
    Langmuir (1996), 12 (16), 3912-3919CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    The formation of monolayers and bilayers of dioleoyl-L-α-phosphatidic acid from solns. of small unilamellar vesicles onto polyethylenimine-treated substrates was investigated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering and XPS. The formation of monolayers could be verified after an adsorption time of 5 min, on removal of the substrates from the vesicle soln. and washing with water. No adsorption of dioleoyl-L-α-phosphatidic acid takes place when the substrates used have not been pretreated with polyethylenimine. This suggests that the interaction of the charges of polyethylenimine with the phosphatidic acid headgroups is the driving force for the adsorption. Further expts. show that immersion of the supported bilayers in polyethylenimine soln. again leads to dried films with layer thicknesses of approx. twice the values of the supported monolayers. From this observation the formation of supported bilayers of lipid/polyelectrolyte complexes is derived.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK28XktlWms7o%253D&md5=30e77ea50e96f2244fcec9b7092f580a
  50. 50
    Fujimoto, K.; Fujita, S.; Ding, B.; Shiratori, S. Fabrication of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Films Using Roll-to-Roll Process. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 44, L126– L128,  DOI: 10.1143/jjap.44.l126
    [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
    50
    Fabrication of layer-by-layer self-assembly films using roll-to-roll process
    Fujimoto, Kouji; Fujita, Shiro; Ding, Bin; Shiratori, Seimei
    Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 2: Letters & Express Letters (2005), 44 (1-7), L126-L128CODEN: JAPLD8 ISSN:. (Japan Society of Applied Physics)
    In this research, we fabricated thin films deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method using a roll-to-roll process and measured the morphol. and transmittance of the thin films using at. force microscopy (AFM) (nanoscope IIIa, Digital Instruments) and UV-vis spectroscopy (Filmetrics, Inc). The thin films consisting of poly(allylamine hydrochloride), (PAH) adjusted to pH 7.5 and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) adjusted to pH 3.5 showed a textured structure on moving film substrates. From these results, we found that polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) thin films showing similar to those structures of the films fabricated using a conventional dipping process were successfully assembled via the roll-to-roll process. We consider that this roll-to-roll process is suitable for fabricating large-area thin films.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXjtFWktro%253D&md5=abbfcf656e7ca7db964985e5166be814
  51. 51
    Butt, H.-J.; Graf, K.; Kappl, M. The Electric Double Layer. Phys. Chem. Interfaces 2003, 26, 42– 56,  DOI: 10.1002/3527602313.ch4
    [Crossref], Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  52. 52
    Wolski, K.; Szuwarzyński, M.; Zapotoczny, S. A Facile Route to Electronically Conductive Polyelectrolyte Brushes as Platforms of Molecular Wires. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 1754– 1760,  DOI: 10.1039/C4SC04048A
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    52
    A facile route to electronically conductive polyelectrolyte brushes as platforms of molecular wires
    Wolski, Karol; Szuwarzynski, Michal; Zapotoczny, Szczepan
    Chemical Science (2015), 6 (3), 1754-1760CODEN: CSHCCN; ISSN:2041-6520. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    A facile strategy for the synthesis of conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes grafted from a conductive surface is presented. Such brushes form a platform of mol. wires oriented perpendicularly to the surface, enabling efficient directional transport of charge carriers. As the synthesis of conjugated polymer brushes using chain-growth polymn. via a direct "grafting from" approach is very challenging, we developed a self-templating surface-initiated method. It is based on the formation of multimonomer template chains in the first surface-initiated polymn. step, followed by the second polymn. leading to conjugated chains in an overall ladder-like architecture. We synthesized a new bifunctional monomer and used the developed approach to obtain quaternized poly(ethynylpyridine) chains on a conductive indium tin oxide surface. A catalyst-free quaternization polymn. was for the first time used here for surface grafting. The presence of charged groups makes the obtained brushes both ionically and electronically conductive. After doping with iodine, the brushes exhibited electronic cond., in the direction perpendicular to the surface, as high as 10-1-100 Sm-1. Tunneling AFM was used for mapping the surface cond. and measuring the cond. in the spectroscopic mode. The proposed synthetic strategy is very versatile as a variety of monomers with pendant polymerizable groups and various polymn. techniques may be applied, leading to platforms of mol. wires with the desired characteristics.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXos1egsg%253D%253D&md5=1d42fbfdd32b018cea283a6058cfe827
  53. 53
    Sun, P.; Zhu, M.; Wang, K.; Zhong, M.; Wei, J.; Wu, D.; Xu, Z.; Zhu, H. Selective Ion Penetration of Graphene Oxide Membranes. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 428– 437,  DOI: 10.1021/nn304471w
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    53
    Selective Ion Penetration of Graphene Oxide Membranes
    Sun, Pengzhan; Zhu, Miao; Wang, Kunlin; Zhong, Minlin; Wei, Jinquan; Wu, Dehai; Xu, Zhiping; Zhu, Hongwei
    ACS Nano (2013), 7 (1), 428-437CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
    The selective ion penetration and water purifn. properties of freestanding graphene oxide (GO) membranes are demonstrated. Na salts permeated through GO membranes quickly, whereas heavy metal salts infiltrated much more slowly. Interestingly, Cu salts were entirely blocked by GO membranes, and org. contaminants also did not infiltrate. The mechanism of the selective ion-penetration properties of the GO membranes is discussed. The nanocapillaries formed within the membranes were responsible for the permeation of metal ions, whereas the coordination between heavy metal ions with the GO membranes restricted the passage of the ions. The penetration processes of hybrid aq. solns. were studied; the results revealed that Na salts can be sepd. effectively from Cu salts and org. contaminants. The results demonstrate the potential applications of GO in areas such as barrier sepn. and water purifn.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhvVSqtL3N&md5=08cd393ee36c4b539ca13a0428cb72b9
  54. 54
    Large, M. J.; Ogilvie, S. P.; Alomairy, S.; Vöckerodt, T.; Myles, D.; Cann, M.; Chan, H.; Jurewicz, I.; King, A. A. K.; Dalton, A. B. Selective Mechanical Transfer Deposition of Langmuir Graphene Films for High-Performance Silver Nanowire Hybrid Electrodes. Langmuir 2017, 33, 12038– 12045,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02799
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    54
    Selective Mechanical Transfer Deposition of Langmuir Graphene Films for High-Performance Silver Nanowire Hybrid Electrodes
    Large, Matthew J.; Ogilvie, Sean P.; Alomairy, Sultan; Vockerodt, Terence; Myles, David; Cann, Maria; Chan, Helios; Jurewicz, Izabela; King, Alice A. K.; Dalton, Alan B.
    Langmuir (2017), 33 (43), 12038-12045CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    The authors present Ag nanowire hybrid electrodes prepd. through the addn. of small quantities of pristine graphene by mech. transfer deposition from surface-assembled Langmuir films. This technique is a fast, efficient, and facile method for modifying the optoelectronic performance of AgNW films. It is possible to use this technique to perform two-step device prodn. by selective patterning of the stamp used, leading to controlled variation in the local sheet resistance across a device. This is particularly attractive for producing extremely low cost sensors on arbitrarily large scales. The authors' aim is to address some of the concerns surrounding the use of AgNW films as replacements for In Sn oxide (ITO), namely, the use of scarce materials and poor stability of AgNWs against flexural and environmental degrdn.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhsFyrurjO&md5=840d19b8c08cd5078247358ac3e32200
  55. 55
    Kim, C.; An, H.; Jung, A.; Yeom, B. Vortex-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Silver Nanowire Thin Films for Flexible and Transparent Conductive Electrodes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017, 493, 371– 377,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.048
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    55
    Vortex-assisted layer-by-layer assembly of silver nanowire thin films for flexible and transparent conductive electrodes
    Kim, Changho; An, Hyojin; Jung, Arum; Yeom, Bongjun
    Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2017), 493 (), 371-377CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
    Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have drawn much attention as potential candidates to replace conventional transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO). AgNWs have advantages over ITO with respect to cost and ease of fabrication, and can be used in flexible electrodes. However, the prepn. of homogeneous films from the AgNW colloidal suspension is still a challenge mainly because of the coagulation and sedimentation of AgNWs in aq. media. In this study, uniform transparent conductive films were prepd. by using AgNWs paired with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) via the vortex-assisted layer-by-layer (VA-LbL) assembly method. We introduced poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) to bind the AgNWs to the substrates via coordination bonding. Vortex agitation was also applied during the adsorption of AgNWs to achieve a uniform deposition on the substrate. We systematically examd. other exptl. conditions such as the concn. of AgNW soln. and temp. of the heat treatment to correlate them to the transparency and the cond. of the films. In addn., AgNW films were prepd. on transparent and flexible substrates and these exhibited excellent durability against bending (1000 bending cycles).
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXitFelt7k%253D&md5=4f49f24959ab5d3a6658552e915a1c74
  56. 56
    Kister, T.; Maurer, J. H. M.; González-García, L.; Kraus, T. Ligand-Dependent Nanoparticle Assembly and Its Impact on the Printing of Transparent Electrodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 6079– 6083,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18579
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    56
    Ligand-Dependent Nanoparticle Assembly and Its Impact on the Printing of Transparent Electrodes
    Kister, Thomas; Maurer, Johannes H. M.; Gonzalez-Garcia, Lola; Kraus, Tobias
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2018), 10 (7), 6079-6083CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    The authors print fully connected submicron lines of 3.2 nm diam. gold nanoparticles and vary the org. ligand shell to study the relation between colloidal interactions, ligand binding to the metal core, and cond. of the printed lines. Particles with repulsive potentials aid the formation of continuous lines, but the required long ligand mols. impede cond. and need to be removed after printing. Weakly bound alkylamines provided sufficient interparticle repulsion and were easy to remove with a soft plasma treatment after printing, so that grids with a transparencies above 90% and a cond. of 150 Ω sq-1 could be printed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXit1ymtrg%253D&md5=549a3efc99fb8f92902b282842d2c34a
  57. 57
    Ghoshal, T.; Cruz-Romero, M. C.; Kerry, J. P.; Morris, M. A. Nanosize and Shape Effects on Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Using Morphology-Controlled Nanopatterns by Block Copolymer Fabrication. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2019, 2, 6325– 6333,  DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01286
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    57
    Nanosize and Shape Effects on Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Using Morphology-Controlled Nanopatterns by Block Copolymer Fabrication
    Ghoshal, Tandra; Cruz-Romero, Malco C.; Kerry, Joseph P.; Morris, Michael A.
    ACS Applied Nano Materials (2019), 2 (10), 6325-6333CODEN: AANMF6; ISSN:2574-0970. (American Chemical Society)
    The activity of silver nanomaterials as an antimicrobial is well-known with authors noting strong size and shape effects. This paper explores if the antimicrobial activity relates to unique size-related properties of the nanodimensioned materials or a more phys. effect. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were explored as test bacteria. They can cause serious human infections and are becoming resistant to pharmaceutical antimicrobials. Silver nanopatterns on a substrate surface were used as the antimicrobial agent. We demonstrate a cost-effective facile route to fabricate a well-ordered, periodic, and dimension-controlled silver lines and dots pattern on a substrate surface. This allowed precise definition of the silver materials to explore size and shape effects. Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer (BCP) microphase sepd. thin films were used as structural templates. Well-ordered PS-b-PEO thin film with vertical and parallel oriented PEO cylinders was achieved by a solvent vapor annealing approach through careful optimization of exptl. parameters. A selective inclusion method (into one block of the BCP) of silver nitrate was used to generate the silver nanopatterns. Spin coating precursor-ethanol soln. and subsequent UV/ozone treatment produce silver nanopattern arrays. They exhibited a significant growth-inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. However, data suggest this is assocd. with high surface area rather than a unique nanodimension related property change dictated by size or shape.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhvFWlsL%252FO&md5=60c4d6e39c79350ab6c4f9bdcd8b1c33
  58. 58
    Kwak, M. K.; Shin, K. H.; Yoon, E. Y.; Suh, K. Y. Fabrication of Conductive Metal Lines by Plate-to-Roll Pattern Transfer Utilizing Edge Dewetting and Flexographic Printing. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 343, 301– 305,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.003
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    58
    Fabrication of conductive metal lines by plate-to-roll pattern transfer utilizing edge dewetting and flexographic printing
    Kwak, Moon Kyu; Shin, Kyu Ho; Yoon, Eung Yeoul; Suh, Kahp Y.
    Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2010), 343 (1), 301-305CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
    We present a simple flexog. printing method mediated by edge dewetting for potential applications to roll-to-roll or plate-to-roll pattern transfer. By controlling dewetting of a thin, conductive ink material under conformal contact with a patterned elastomeric mold (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS), the liq. ink layer is broken and then selectively wets the protruding part of the mold with high fidelity. Subsequently, a thin photoresist layer that is coated on 300 mm-diam. aluminum cylinder is brought in contact with the ink-coated PDMS mold, resulting in a plate-to-roll pattern transfer without collapse or merging of neighboring features. Using this method, conductive silver lines are fabricated on the cylindrical surface with the resoln. of ∼20 μm and the sheet resistance less than ∼4.3 Ω after 10 repeated transfer cycles.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXps1eqtQ%253D%253D&md5=98bd4957a7eb025831c56614e27da51a
  59. 59
    Yamada, T.; Fukuhara, K.; Matsuoka, K.; Minemawari, H.; Tsutsumi, J.; Fukuda, N.; Aoshima, K.; Arai, S.; Makita, Y.; Kubo, H.; Enomoto, T.; Togashi, T.; Kurihara, M.; Hasegawa, T. Nanoparticle Chemisorption Printing Technique for Conductive Silver Patterning with Submicron Resolution. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11402,  DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11402
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    59
    Nanoparticle chemisorption printing technique for conductive silver patterning with submicron resolution
    Yamada, Toshikazu; Fukuhara, Katsuo; Matsuoka, Ken; Minemawari, Hiromi; Tsutsumi, Jun'ya; Fukuda, Nobuko; Aoshima, Keisuke; Arai, Shunto; Makita, Yuichi; Kubo, Hitoshi; Enomoto, Takao; Togashi, Takanari; Kurihara, Masato; Hasegawa, Tatsuo
    Nature Communications (2016), 7 (), 11402CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Publishing Group)
    Silver nanocolloid, a dense suspension of ligand-encapsulated silver nanoparticles, is an important material for printing-based device prodn. technologies. However, printed conductive patterns of sufficiently high quality and resoln. for industrial products have not yet been achieved, as the use of conventional printing techniques is severely limiting. Here we report a printing technique to manuf. ultrafine conductive patterns utilizing the exclusive chemisorption phenomenon of weakly encapsulated silver nanoparticles on a photoactivated surface. The process includes masked irradn. of vacuum UV light on an amorphous perfluorinated polymer layer to photoactivate the surface with pendant carboxylate groups, and subsequent coating of alkylamine-encapsulated silver nanocolloids, which causes amine-carboxylate conversion to trigger the spontaneous formation of a self-fused solid silver layer. The technique can produce silver patterns of submicron fineness adhered strongly to substrates, thus enabling manuf. of flexible transparent conductive sheets. This printing technique could replace conventional vacuum- and photolithog.-based device processing.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XmsFyhtLg%253D&md5=57829d55e7add8f0a2b5fdf687be0e84
  60. 60
    Um, D.-S.; Lee, Y.; Kim, T.; Lim, S.; Lee, H.; Ha, M.; Khan, Z.; Kang, S.; Kim, M. P.; Kim, J. Y.; Ko, H. High-Resolution Filtration Patterning of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible and Transparent Optoelectronic Devices. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 32154– 32162,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06851
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    60
    hHigh-Resolution Filtration Patterning of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible and Transparent Optoelectronic Devices
    Um, Doo-Seung; Lee, Youngsu; Kim, Taehyo; Lim, Seongdong; Lee, Hochan; Ha, Minjeong; Khan, Ziyauddin; Kang, Saewon; Kim, Minsoo P.; Kim, Jin Young; Ko, Hyunhyub
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2020), 12 (28), 32154-32162CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes attract significant attention in flexible and transparent optoelectronic devices; however, high-resoln. patterning of AgNW electrodes remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we have introduced a simple technique for high-resoln. soln. patterning of AgNW networks, based on simple filtration of AgNW soln. on a patterned polyimide shadow mask. This soln. process allows the smallest pattern size of AgNW electrodes, down to a width of 3.5μm. In addn., we have demonstrated the potential of these patterned AgNW electrodes for applications in flexible optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors. Specifically, for flexible and semitransparent UV photodetectors, AgNW electrodes are embedded in sputtered ZnO films to enhance the photocurrent by light scattering and trapping, which resulted in a significantly enhanced photocurrent (up to 800%) compared to devices based on AgNW electrodes mounted on top of ZnO films. In addn., our photodetector could be operated well under extremely bent conditions (bending radius of approx. 770μm) and provide excellent durability even after 500 bending cycles.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhtF2hs7zM&md5=b8f5a18c8fdaca3952f4469205900721
  61. 61
    Wan, T.; Guan, P.; Guan, X.; Hu, L.; Wu, T.; Cazorla, C.; Chu, D. Facile Patterning of Silver Nanowires with Controlled Polarities via Inkjet-Assisted Manipulation of Interface Adhesion. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 34086– 34094,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07950
    [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
    61
    Facile patterning of silver nanowires with controlled polarities via inkjet-assisted manipulation of interface adhesion
    Wan, Tao; Guan, Peiyuan; Guan, Xinwei; Hu, Long; Wu, Tom; Cazorla, Claudio; Chu, Dewei
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2020), 12 (30), 34086-34094CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    Facile patterning technologies of silver nanowires (AgNWs) with low-cost, high-resoln., designable, scalable, substrate-independent, and transferable characteristics are highly desired. However, it remains a grand challenge for any material processing method to fulfil all desirable features. Herein, a new patterning method is introduced by combining inkjet printing with adhesion manipulation of substrate interfaces. Both pos. and neg. patterns (i.e., AgNW grid and rectangular patterns) have been simultaneously achieved, and the pattern polarity can be reversed through adhesion modification with judiciously selected supporting layers. The elec. performance of the AgNW grids depends on the AgNW interlocking structure, manifesting a strong structure-property correlation. High-resoln. and complex AgNW patterns with line width and spacing as small as 10μm have been demonstrated through selective deposition of poly(Me methacrylate) layers. In addn., customized AgNW patterns, such as logos and words, can be fabricated onto A4-size samples and subsequently transferred to targeted substrates, including Si wafers, a curved glass vial, and a beaker. This reported inkjet-assisted process therefore offers a new effective route to manipulate AgNWs for advanced device applications.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhtlKgsbrE&md5=3c0cb1b7dafad22879040ccccfb2619b
  62. 62
    Jia, B.; Zhao, Y.; Qin, M.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, L.; Wu, H.; Liu, Y.; Qu, X. A Self-Standing Silver/Crosslinked-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Network with Microfibers, Nanowires and Nanoparticles and Its Linear Aggregation. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2019, 535, 524– 532,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.023
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    62
    A self-standing silver/crosslinked-poly(vinyl alcohol) network with microfibers, nanowires and nanoparticles and its linear aggregation
    Jia, Baorui; Zhao, Yongzhi; Qin, Mingli; Zhang, Zili; Liu, Luan; Wu, Haoyang; Liu, Ye; Qu, Xuanhui
    Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2019), 535 (), 524-532CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
    Silver/polymer nanocomposites have made inroads into the fields of electronic devices, thermally conductive materials, antimicrobial agents and sensors. Here, we present the hydrothermal synthesis of a novel three-dimensional self-standing silver/crosslinked-poly(vinyl alc.) (Ag/crosslinked-PVA) hybrid network constructed by linking three different subunits, namely, microfibers, nanowires and nanoparticles. One-dimensional crosslinked-PVA-based microfibers act as the skeleton of the sponge. Ag nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the interior of the microfibers, and Ag nanowires grow outward from the interior of the microfibers. This Ag/crosslinked-PVA multi-architecture has not be obsd. or reported in current state-of-the-art studies. We simultaneously carry out two types of reactions, chem. redn. of Ag+ ions and intermol. crosslinking of PVA chains, in the synthesis under hydrothermal conditions. Ag nanoparticles are formed and dispersed in the crosslinked-PVA microspheres. Then, these Ag/crosslinked-PVA microspheres bridge each other, forming microchains and microfibers. Ultimately, linear aggregation, which has rarely been mentioned in the literature, occurs in some adjacent Ag nanoparticles in the microfibers, and the Ag nanoparticles reorganize into nanowires. The Ag/crosslinked-PVA network is shown to be converted into a Ag/C composite through annealing, which exhibits electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidn. and can be used as a self-supporting electrode in an antibacterial nonenzymic glucose sensor.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvFaksr3O&md5=31448e9c5a905cb8c4527adec8ca4c08
  63. 63
    Tugba Camic, B.; Oytun, F.; Hasan Aslan, M.; Jeong Shin, H.; Choi, H.; Basarir, F. Fabrication of a Transparent Conducting Electrode Based on Graphene/Silver Nanowires via Layer-by-Layer Method for Organic Photovoltaic Devices. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017, 505, 79– 86,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.065
    [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
    63
    Fabrication of a transparent conducting electrode based on graphene/silver nanowires via layer-by-layer method for organic photovoltaic devices
    Tugba Camic, B.; Oytun, Faruk; Hasan Aslan, M.; Shin, Hee Jeong; Choi, Hyosung; Basarir, Fevzihan
    Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2017), 505 (), 79-86CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A soln.-processed. transparent conducting electrode was fabricated using layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of graphene oxide (GO) and Ag nanowires (Ag NW). Graphite was oxidized with a modified Hummer's method to yield neg.-charged GO sheets; Ag NW were functionalized with cysteamine hydrochloride to yield pos.-charged Ag NW. Oppositely-charged GO and Ag NW were sequentially coated on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified glass substrate via LBL deposition, providing highly controllable thin films in terms of optical transmittance and sheet resistance. GO sheets were reduced to improve multilayer film elec. cond. The resulting GO/Ag NW multilayer was characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, field emission SEM, optical microscopy, and sheet resistance using a four-point probe method. The best result was achieved with a two-bilayer film, with a 6.5 Ω/sq sheet resistance and a 78.2% optical transmittance at 550 nm; values comparable to those of com. indium tin oxide electrodes. A device based on a two-bilayer hybrid film exhibited the highest efficiency (1.30%) among devices with different no. of graphene/Ag NW LBL depositions.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXovVKmtLc%253D&md5=15a31444fa2713358fb3487c96312a01

Cited By

This article is cited by 2 publications.

  1. Marina Karsakova, Nadezhda Shchedrina, Artur Karamyants, Ekaterina Ponkratova, Galina Odintsova, Dmitry Zuev. Eco-friendly Approach for Creation of Resonant Silicon Nanoparticle Colloids. Langmuir 2023, 39 (1) , 204-210. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02382
  2. Denis Balatskiy, Ivan Tkachenko, Irina Malakhova, Natalia Polyakova, Svetlana Bratskaya. Polyethylenimine as a Non-Innocent Ligand for Hexacyanoferrates Immobilization. Molecules 2022, 27 (23) , 8489. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238489
Download PDF

  • Abstract

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 1

    Figure 1. Fabrication of patterned conductive paths on an isolating silicon surface. (A) Preparation of the PDMS stamp with the desired microstructures by means of replica molding. (B) Polyelectrolyte adsorption on the PDMS stamp. (C) Transfer of a polyelectrolyte layer onto a target surface. Transfer effectiveness depends on the surface energy of the substrate. (D) Patterned polyelectrolyte paths on the surface. (E) Controlled addition of AgNPs (PEI-AgNPs), which act as preferred crystallization sites in (F) the Tollens reaction, resulting in the formation of conductive silver paths (PEI-AgNPs-Ag).

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 2

    Figure 2. SEM images of PEI-AgNPs-Ag patterned paths (A. Top overview) on silicon (1), glass (2), and polystyrene (3) and (B. Borderlines) SEM images on the silicon surface with the corresponding AFM cross sections of patterned paths: (1) after adhesive transfer of PEI, (2) after adsorption of AgNPs (PEI-AgNPs), and (3) after crystallization of Ag (PEI-AgNPs-Ag).

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 3

    Figure 3. (A) Components of the electric field: (1) vertical (Ey) and (2) horizontal (Ex). Ey was plotted at three positions at x = 0 nm, x = 250 nm, and x = 500 nm. Ex was plotted at three positions above the line/electrolyte interface at y = 1 nm, y = 6.9 nm, and y = 13.8 nm. (B) Snapshots of the AgNPs adsorption process on a charged PEI pattern, shown at tstart (B.1) and tend (B.2).

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 4

    Figure 4. (A) AFM PF-TUNA images of PEI-AgNPs-Ag: (1) topography and (2) current on silicon (A), polystyrene (B), and glass (C) substrates. All images are in the same scale, presented beside the figures in A. (D) Representative I–U plots of layers on silicon: (1) PEI, (2) PEI-AgNPs, and (3) PEI-AgNPs-Ag.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 5

    Figure 5. The prototype electric circuit built from an isolating silicon wafer patterned with 10 mm long AgNPs-based conductive paths. (A) No current flows through the paths oriented perpendicularly to the power source. (B) Parallel orientation of the paths with respect to the power source allows for current flow. (C) A photo of the prototype: (1) a silicon wafer with conductive paths, (2) a 3 V battery, (3) a red LED attached to a 100 Ω resistor, and (4) micromanipulators.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

  • References

    ARTICLE SECTIONS
    Jump To

    This article references 63 other publications.

    1. 1
      Alaa, M.; Zaidan, A. A.; Zaidan, B. B.; Talal, M.; Kiah, M. L. M. A Review of Smart Home Applications Based on Internet of Things. J. Network Comput. Appl. 2017, 97, 48– 65,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jnca.2017.08.017
      [Crossref], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    2. 2
      Ashraf, I.; Umer, M.; Majeed, R.; Mehmood, A.; Aslam, W.; Yasir, M. N.; Choi, G. S. Home Automation Using General Purpose Household Electric Appliances with Raspberry Pi and Commercial Smartphone. PLoS One 2020, 15, e0238480  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238480
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      2
      Home automation using general purpose household electric appliances with Raspberry Pi and commercial smartphone
      Ashraf, Imran; Umer, Muhammad; Majeed, Rizwan; Mehmood, Arif; Aslam, Waqar; Yasir, Muhammad Naveed; Choi, Gyu Sang
      PLoS One (2020), 15 (9), e0238480CODEN: POLNCL; ISSN:1932-6203. (Public Library of Science)
      This study presents the design and implementation of a home automation system that focuses on the use of ordinary elec. appliances for remote control using Raspberry Pi and relay circuits and does not use expensive IP-based devices. Common Lights, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), fans, and other electronic devices are among the appliances that can be used in this system. A smartphone app is designed that helps the user to design the smart home to his actual home via easy and interactive drag & drop option. The system provides control over the appliances via both the local network and remote access. Data logging over the Microsoft Azure cloud database ensures system recovery in case of gateway failure and data record for lateral use. Periodical notifications also help the user to optimize the usage of home appliances. Moreover, the user can set his preferences and the appliances are auto turned off and on to meet user-specific requirements. Raspberry Pi acting as the server maintains the database of each appliance. HTTP web interface and apache server are used for communication between the android app and raspberry pi. With a 5v relay circuit and micro-processor Raspberry Pi, the proposed system is low-cost, energy-efficient, easy to operate, and affordable for low-income houses.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhvFaksLnP&md5=9d0bb9ff1f038370bb5d2c60381dc242
    3. 3
      Kim, D. H.; Ahn, J. H.; Won, M. C.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, T. H.; Song, J.; Huang, Y. Y.; Liu, Z.; Lu, C.; Rogers, J. A. Stretchable and Foldable Silicon Integrated Circuits. Science 2008, 320, 507– 511,  DOI: 10.1126/science.1154367
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      3
      Stretchable and Foldable Silicon Integrated Circuits
      Kim, Dae-Hyeong; Ahn, Jong-Hyun; Choi, Won Mook; Kim, Hoon-Sik; Kim, Tae-Ho; Song, Jizhou; Huang, Yonggang Y.; Liu, Zhuangjian; Lu, Chun; Rogers, John A.
      Science (Washington, DC, United States) (2008), 320 (5875), 507-511CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
      The authors have developed a simple approach to high-performance, stretchable, and foldable integrated circuits. The systems integrate inorg. electronic materials, including aligned arrays of nanoribbons of single cryst. silicon, with ultrathin plastic and elastomeric substrates. The designs combine multilayer neutral mech. plane layouts and wavy structural configurations in silicon complementary logic gates, ring oscillators, and differential amplifiers. The authors performed three-dimensional anal. and computational modeling of the mechanics and the electronic behaviors of these integrated circuits. Collectively, the results represent routes to devices, such as personal health monitors and other biomedical devices, that require extreme mech. deformations during installation/use and electronic properties approaching those of conventional systems built on brittle semiconductor wafers.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXkvFGktrg%253D&md5=bc62e3e480b82f28256fb01687573f60
    4. 4
      Bhargava, C.; Khanal, G. M. 3 Physical Design Automation. In Advanced VLSI Technology: Technical Questions and Solutions; River Publishers, 2020; pp. 71– 92.
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    5. 5
      Wang, Y.; Guo, H.; Chen, J.; Sowade, E.; Wang, Y.; Liang, K.; Marcus, K.; Baumann, R. R.; Feng, Z. Paper-Based Inkjet-Printed Flexible Electronic Circuits. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 26112– 26118,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06704
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      5
      Paper-Based Inkjet-Printed Flexible Electronic Circuits
      Wang, Yan; Guo, Hong; Chen, Jin-ju; Sowade, Enrico; Wang, Yu; Liang, Kun; Marcus, Kyle; Baumann, Reinhard R.; Feng, Zhe-sheng
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2016), 8 (39), 26112-26118CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      Printed flexible electronics have been widely studied for their potential use in various applications. In this paper, a simple, low-cost method of fabricating flexible electronic circuits with high cond. of 4.0 × 107 S·m-1 (about 70% of the cond. of bulk copper) is demonstrated. Teslin paper substrate is treated with stannous chloride (SnCl2) colloidal soln. to reduce the high ink absorption rate, and then the catalyst ink is inkjet-printed on its surface, followed by electroless deposition of copper at low temp. In spite of the decrease in conductance to some extent, electronic circuits fabricated by this method can maintain function even under various folding angles or after repeated folding. This developed technol. has great potential in a variety of applications, such as three-dimensional devices and disposable RFID tags.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVCmsb%252FE&md5=6644330b9fec181723b0d844234140aa
    6. 6
      Xia, Y.; Whitesides, G. M. Soft Lithography. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 550– 575,  DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19980316)37:5<550::AID-ANIE550>3.0.CO;2-G
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      6
      Soft lithography
      Xia, Younan; Whitesides, George M.
      Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (1998), 37 (5), 550-575CODEN: ACIEF5; ISSN:1433-7851. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH)
      A review with 197 refs. is given. Microfabrication, the generation of small structures, is essential to much of modern science and technol.; it supports information technol. and permeates society through its role in microelectronics and optoelectronics. The patterning required in microfabrication is usually carried out with photolithog. Although it is difficult to find another technol. with more dominant influence, photolithog. nonetheless has disadvantages. The sizes of the features it can produce are limited by optical diffraction, and the high-energy radiation needed for small features requires complex facilities and technologies. Photolithog. is expensive; it cannot be easily applied to nonplanar surfaces; it tolerates little variation in the materials that can be used; and it provides almost no control over the chem. of patterned surfaces, esp. when complex org. functional groups of the sorts needed in chem., biochem., and biol. are involved. We wished to develop alternative, non-photolithog. microfabrication methods that would complement photolithog. These techniques would ideally circumvent the diffraction limits of photolithog., provide access to three-dimensional structures, tolerate a wide range of materials and surface chemistries, and be inexpensive, exptl. convenient, and accessible to mol. scientists. We have developed a set of such methods that we call "soft lithog.", since all members share the common feature that they use a patterned elastomer as the mask, stamp, or mold. We describe here soft lithog., and survey its ability to provide routes to high-quality patterns and structures with lateral dimensions of about 30 nm to 500 μm in systems presenting problems in topol., materials, or mol.-level definition that cannot (or at least not easily) be solved by photolithog.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1cXitleltbs%253D&md5=4a91bb2aa4fd8e0fd3cf402caab96be5
    7. 7
      Xia, Y.; Kim, E.; Zhao, X. M.; Rogers, J. A.; Prentiss, M.; Whitesides, G. M. Complex Optical Surfaces Formed by Replica Molding Against Elastomeric Masters. Science 1996, 273, 347– 349,  DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5273.347
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      7
      Complex optical surfaces formed by replica molding against elastomeric masters
      Xia, Younan; Kim, Enoch; Zhao, Xiao-Mei; Rogers, John A.; Prentiss, Mara; Whitesides, George M.
      Science (Washington, D. C.) (1996), 273 (5273), 347-349CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
      Complex, optically functional surfaces in org. polymers can be fabricated by replicating relief structures present on the surface of an elastomeric master with an UV or thermally curable org. polymer, while the master is deformed by compression, bending, or stretching. The versatility of this procedure for fabricating surfaces with complex, micrometer- and submicrometer-scale patterns was demonstrated by the prodn. of (1) diffraction gratings with periods smaller than the original grating; (2) chirped, blazed diffraction gratings (where the period of a chirped grating changes continuously with position) on planar and curved surfaces; (3) patterned microfeatures on the surfaces of approx. hemispherical objects (for example, an optical surface similar to a fly's eye); and (4) arrays of rhombic microlenses. These topol. complex, micropatterned surfaces are difficult to fabricate with other techniques.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK28Xktl2isrY%253D&md5=26acc0a8a71684fa83be61d93f56604b
    8. 8
      Rosenberg, M.; Schvartzman, M. Direct Resistless Soft Nanopatterning of Freeform Surfaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 43494– 43499,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13494
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      8
      Direct Resistless Soft Nanopatterning of Freeform Surfaces
      Rosenberg, Maor; Schvartzman, Mark
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2019), 11 (46), 43494-43499CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      Nanoimprint is broadly used to pattern thin polymer films on rigid substrates. The resulted patterns can be used either as functional nanostructures, or as masks for a pattern transfer. Also, nanoimprint could, in principle, be used for the direct patterning of thermoformable substrates with functional nanostructures, however, the resulted global substrate deformation makes this approach unpractical. Here, we present a new approach for the direct nanoimprint of thermoformable substrates with functional nanostructures through precise maintaining the of substrate shape. Our approach is based on elastomeric stamps soaked in org. solvent, which diffuses into the imprinted substrate, plasticizes its surface, and thereby allows its imprint at the temp. below its glass transition point. Using this approach, we imprinted features at the 20-nm scale, which is comparable to that demonstrated by convention nanoimprint techniques. We illustrated the applicability of our approach by producing functional antireflective nanostructures onto flat and curved optical substrates. In both cases, we achieved full pattern transfer and maintained the shape of the imprinted substrates - a combination that has not been demonstrated so far. Our approach substantially expands the capabilities of nanoimprint, and paves the way to its numerous applications, which have been impossible by existing nanopatterning technologies.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXitVGmt7rE&md5=9272511bf076f44c05e23d9ec6b34395
    9. 9
      Bourguignon, N.; Olmos, C. M.; Sierra-Rodero, M.; Peñaherrera, A.; Rosero, G.; Pineda, P.; Vizuete, K.; Arroyo, C. R.; Cumbal, L.; Lasorsa, C.; Perez, M. S.; Lerner, B. Accessible and Cost-Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1433– 1442,  DOI: 10.1002/polb.24726
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      9
      Accessible and Cost-Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold
      Bourguignon, Natalia; Olmos, Carol M.; Sierra-Rodero, Marina; Penaherrera, Ana; Rosero, Gustavo; Pineda, Pedro; Vizuete, Karla; Arroyo, Carlos R.; Cumbal, Luis; Lasorsa, Carlos; Perez, Maximiliano S.; Lerner, Betiana
      Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics (2018), 56 (21), 1433-1442CODEN: JPBPEM; ISSN:0887-6266. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
      This work describes a novel and cost-effective method of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchips fabrication by using a printing plate photopolymer called Flexcel as a master mold (Fmold). This method has demonstrated the ability to generate multiple devices from a single master, reaching a min. channel size of 25 μm, structures height ranging from 53 to 1500 μm and achieving dimensions of 1270 × 2062 mm2, which are larger than those obtained by the known techniques to date. SEM, at. force microscopy, and profilometry techniques have been employed to characterize the Fmold and PDMS replicas. The results showed high replication fidelity of Fmold to the PDMS replica. Furthermore, it was proved the reusability of the Fmold. In our study, up to 50 PDMS replicas have been fabricated without apparent degrdn. of the mold. The feasibility of the resulting PDMS replica was effectively demonstrated using a microfluidic device for enhanced oil recovery anal. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhslahtbfN&md5=1537d486012d4c66bf74b85f1703461c
    10. 10
      Baytekin, H.; Baytekin, B.; Hermans, T.; Kowalczyk, B.; Grzybowski, B. Control of Surface Charges by Radicals. Science 2013, 341, 1368– 1371
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      10
      Control of Surface Charges by Radicals as a Principle of Antistatic Polymers Protecting Electronic Circuitry
      Baytekin, H. Tarik; Baytekin, Bilge; Hermans, Thomas M.; Kowalczyk, Bartlomiej; Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
      Science (Washington, DC, United States) (2013), 341 (6152), 1368-1371CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
      Even minute quantities of elec. charge accumulating on polymer surfaces can cause shocks, explosions, and multibillion-dollar losses to electronic circuitry. This paper demonstrates that to remove static electricity, it is not at all necessary to target the charges themselves. Instead, the way to discharge a polymer is to remove radicals from its surface. These radicals colocalize with and stabilize the charges; when they are scavenged, the surfaces discharge rapidly. This radical-charge interplay allows for controlling static electricity by doping common polymers with small amts. of radical-scavenging mols., including the familiar vitamin E. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by rendering common polymers dust-mitigating and also by using them as coatings that prevent the failure of electronic circuitry.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhsVCmu7rF&md5=97a757ea35425c9d8eb06d3e31d96bca
    11. 11
      Baytekin, B.; Baytekin, H. T.; Grzybowski, B. A. What Really Drives Chemical Reactions on Contact Charged Surfaces?. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7223– 7226,  DOI: 10.1021/ja300925h
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      11
      What Really Drives Chemical Reactions on Contact Charged Surfaces?
      Baytekin, Bilge; Baytekin, H. Tarik; Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
      Journal of the American Chemical Society (2012), 134 (17), 7223-7226CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
      Although it is known that contact-electrified polymers can drive chem. reactions, the origin of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To date, it was accepted that this effect is due to excess electrons developed on neg. charged surfaces and to the subsequent transfer of these electrons to the reactants in soln. The present study demonstrates that this view is incorrect and, in reality, the reactions are driven by mechanoradicals created during polymer-polymer contact.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xltl2htLw%253D&md5=df7b72d12ad36bf77b1cbfb1733f8a47
    12. 12
      Dai, J.; Bruening, M. L. Catalytic Nanoparticles Formed by Reduction of Metal Ions in Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 497– 501,  DOI: 10.1021/nl025547l
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      12
      Catalytic Nanoparticles Formed by Reduction of Metal Ions in Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films
      Dai, Jinhua; Bruening, Merlin L.
      Nano Letters (2002), 2 (5), 497-501CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
      Alternating adsorption of polyethyleneimine-metal ion complexes and poly(acrylic acid) results in the formation of multilayered polyelectrolyte films. Post-deposition redn. of the silver and platinum metal ions by heating or exposure to NaBH4 then yields composite films contg. metal nanoparticles. UV/visible spectroscopy and TEM confirm the formation of well-dispersed nanoparticles with sizes (4-30 nm) that depend on the concn. of metal ions initially in the film. These films are effective as both catalysts and antimicrobial coatings.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38Xis1Citbc%253D&md5=185c709dc7c9ed39ceb2a2d95682b894
    13. 13
      Tokura, Y.; Moriyama, Y.; Hiruta, Y.; Shiratori, S. Paper-Based Assay for Ascorbic Acid Based on the Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Layer-by-Layer Multilayers. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2019, 2, 241– 249,  DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.8b01782
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      13
      Paper-Based Assay for Ascorbic Acid Based on the Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Layer-by-Layer Multilayers
      Tokura, Yuki; Moriyama, Yukari; Hiruta, Yuki; Shiratori, Seimei
      ACS Applied Nano Materials (2019), 2 (1), 241-249CODEN: AANMF6; ISSN:2574-0970. (American Chemical Society)
      A simple, portable, and cost-effective paper-based colorimetric assay is developed for ascorbic acid (AA) with excellent properties, such as fast response, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and good stability. AA is an important nutrient for human life, and adequate quantification of AA is required for controlling the intake of AA for health management. Moreover, point-of-care anal., which is a simple, easy-to-use, and cost-effective anal. method for unskilled users, has been a focus in the medical and health care fields. The authors fabricate a colorimetric paper-based assay with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer-by-layer self-assembly contg. silver ions for the point-of-care anal. of AA. The color of the assay is changed from white to yellow and then to dark-brown after immersion in AA soln. because of the redn. of silver ions to silver nanoparticles by AA and the localized surface plasmon resonance of the generated silver nanoparticles. The assay shows a fast response to AA of only 60 s and a sensitivity to AA (limit of detection is 0.4 ppm). Furthermore, the colorimetric assay exhibits a high selectivity for AA compared with other compds. contained in human fluid and various drinks. The concn. of AA in various com. products is quantified by the assay with the same accuracy as high-performance liq. chromatog. The design of the PAH/PAA multilayers contg. silver ions for a fast response, highly sensitive, and selective colorimetric assay will contribute to the development of point-of-care anal. for the early detection of diseases as well as controlling the intake of nutrients.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXisFWisr3N&md5=3eb2ace90136ac82b4d1ae0d52d66a57
    14. 14
      Cho, J.; Caruso, F. Investigation of the Interactions between Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 4547– 4553,  DOI: 10.1021/cm050972b
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      14
      Investigation of the Interactions between Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films
      Cho, Jinhan; Caruso, Frank
      Chemistry of Materials (2005), 17 (17), 4547-4553CODEN: CMATEX; ISSN:0897-4756. (American Chemical Society)
      The authors examine the interactions between Au nanoparticles stabilized by the 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP-AuNP) and various polyelectrolytes (PEs), both in soln. and in layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled multilayer films. UV-visible spectrophotometry studies showed that the plasmon absorption band of the DMAP-AuNP in soln. red shifts and broadens in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), or poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). Probably the polyanion PSS electrostatically assocs. with the nanoparticles, while PAH and PEI bond through the amine functionalities, despite having the same charge as the nanoparticles. But the addn. of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) to a DMAP-AuNP dispersion has no influence on either the peak position or shape of the absorption spectrum of the nanoparticles, indicating no interaction. PE/nanoparticle hybrid films were assembled by a single-step adsorption of the DMAP-AuNP into preassembled LbL PE multilayer films. The interactions between the DMAP-AuNP and the multilayer films were studied by UV-visible spectrophotometry, quartz crystal microgravimetry, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. These expts. revealed that PAH/PSS films have a highly uniform and dense DMAP-AuNP coverage, which is attributed to the bonds formed between the nanoparticles and PAH and PSS in the films. Addnl., the DMAP-AuNP adsorbed amt. and the nanoparticle-nanoparticle interactions (and hence film optical properties) can be controlled by the no. of preassembled PAH/PSS bilayers. But for PDADMAC/PSS films only a sparse and nonuniform DMAP-AuNP coating is obtained, and an irregular trend between PE bilayer no. and DMAP-AuNP adsorbed amt. was obsd. The combined interactions originating from PAH and PSS with DMAP-AuNP facilitate the prepn. of stable nanoparticle/PE thin films with tailored optical properties. Such films may be exploited in diverse areas, including electrochem. sensing, colloidal crystals, and controlled delivery.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXms1KnurY%253D&md5=81840dc3d0511309dddd7779266f94e8
    15. 15
      Szuwarzyński, M.; Wolski, K.; Kruk, T.; Zapotoczny, S. Macromolecular Strategies for Transporting Electrons and Excitation Energy in Ordered Polymer Layers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2021, 101433,  DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      15
      Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers
      Szuwarzynski, Michal; Wolski, Karol; Kruk, Tomasz; Zapotoczny, Szczepan
      Progress in Polymer Science (2021), 121 (), 101433CODEN: PRPSB8; ISSN:0079-6700. (Elsevier Ltd.)
      Electronic energy transfer and the migration of electrons generated via photoinduced electron transfer are key processes for the conversion of solar energy in natural photosynthetic systems. The proper arrangement of chromophores, electron donors and acceptors, or mol. wires on the scale of nanometers is a prerequisite for creating synthetic systems capable of achieving the high energy conversion efficiencies seen in nature. Ordered polymer layers that are adsorbed-to, or grafted-from, surfaces can serve as systems for harvesting of light and directional transfer of energy and electrons in confined environments. Moreover, ordered layers can act as templates for the desired ordering of different photoactive nanoobjects necessary for the development of optoelectronic devices, mol. electronics, and nanosensors. Herein, various macromol. strategies are reviewed for synthesizing and arranging polymer chains on surfaces to improve the transport of electrons and excitation energy at interfaces. Specifically, the versatile layer-by-layer assembly method for forming thin films from polyelectrolytes and other charged nanoobjects, and the formation of surface-tethered polymer brushes, esp. conjugated ones, with various chain architectures are presented together with their applications. The impact of various macromol. architectures and compns. are discussed in relation to the performance of the polymer and polymer-templated films. Further development of the field could focus on precise engineering of macromols. with complex architectures, precise positioning of active groups along the chains, towards mimicking the natural systems and their performance.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3MXhvVymt7zE&md5=b393c97f3e91d8497d0205434c7fd7d0
    16. 16
      Oren, R.; Liang, Z.; Barnard, J. S.; Warren, S. C.; Wiesner, U.; Huck, W. T. S. Organization of Nanoparticles in Polymer Brushes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1670– 1671,  DOI: 10.1021/ja8090092
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      16
      Organization of Nanoparticles in Polymer Brushes
      Oren, Ron; Liang, Ziqi; Barnard, Jonathan S.; Warren, Scott C.; Wiesner, Ulrich; Huck, Wilhelm T. S.
      Journal of the American Chemical Society (2009), 131 (5), 1670-1671CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
      We have demonstrated a facile infiltration process, in which gold nanoparticles are assembled into block copolymer brushes. After solvent annealing, the polymer-covered nanoparticles are either sequestered into the corresponding block copolymer domain or expulsed from the brush, depending on the shell d. of the nanoparticles.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXptlOrtQ%253D%253D&md5=22aedc8d1ba233720f5969d669331534
    17. 17
      Ferhan, A. R.; Kim, D.-H. In-Stacking: A Strategy for 3D Nanoparticle Assembly in Densely-Grafted Polymer Brushes. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 1274– 1277,  DOI: 10.1039/C1JM15180K
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      17
      In-stacking: a strategy for 3D nanoparticle assembly in densely-grafted polymer brushes
      Ferhan, Abdul Rahim; Kim, Dong-Hwan
      Journal of Materials Chemistry (2012), 22 (4), 1274-1277CODEN: JMACEP; ISSN:0959-9428. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      We introduce a facile strategy to obtain dense 3-dimensional assembly of non-functionalized gold nanoparticles into unmodified, end-tethered poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) bottle brushes of high grafting densities. Referred to as in-stacking, we present its mechanism based on evidence from UV-vis absorbance, AFM and FESEM.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhvFKlsg%253D%253D&md5=f1d40dbd080757c98bbdedcf5577ff47
    18. 18
      Górka-Kumik, W.; Garbacz, P.; Lachowicz, D.; Da̧bczyński, P.; Zapotoczny, S.; Szuwarzyński, M. Tailoring Cellular Microenvironments Using Scaffolds Based on Magnetically-Responsive Polymer Brushes. J. Mater. Chem. B 2020, 8, 10172– 10181,  DOI: 10.1039/D0TB01853H
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      18
      Tailoring cellular microenvironments using scaffolds based on magnetically-responsive polymer brushes
      Gorka-Kumik, Weronika; Garbacz, Paula; Lachowicz, Dorota; Dabczynski, Pawel; Zapotoczny, Szczepan; Szuwarzynski, Michal
      Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine (2020), 8 (44), 10172-10181CODEN: JMCBDV; ISSN:2050-7518. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      A variety of polymeric scaffolds with the ability to control cell detachment has been created for cell culture using stimuli-responsive polymers. However, the widely studied and commonly used thermo-responsive polymeric substrates always affect the properties of the cultured cells due to the temp. stimulus. Here, we present a different stimuli-responsive approach based on poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (poly(APTAC)) brushes with homogeneously embedded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Neuroblastoma cell detachment was triggered by an external magnetic field, enabling a non-invasive process of controlled transfer into a new place without addnl. mech. scratching and chem./biochem. compd. treatment. Hybrid scaffolds obtained in simultaneous surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymn. (SI-ATRP) were characterized by at. force microscopy (AFM) working in the magnetic mode, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and XPS to confirm the magnetic properties and chem. structure. Moreover, neuroblastoma cells were cultured and characterized before and after exposure to a neodymium magnet. Controlled cell transfer triggered by a magnetic field is presented here as well.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXitFKjsLjK&md5=efb5a1a68d2762521a1687ac08607388
    19. 19
      Górka, W.; Kuciel, T.; Nalepa, P.; Lachowicz, D.; Zapotoczny, S.; Szuwarzyński, M. Homogeneous Embedding of Magnetic Nanoparticles into Polymer Brushes during Simultaneous Surface-Initiated Polymerization. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 456,  DOI: 10.3390/nano9030456
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      19
      Homogeneous embedding of magnetic nanoparticles into polymer brushes during simultaneous surface-initiated polymerization
      Gorka, Weronika; Kuciel, Tomasz; Nalepa, Paula; Lachowicz, Dorota; Zapotoczny, Szczepan; Szuwarzynski, Michal
      Nanomaterials (2019), 9 (3), 456pp.CODEN: NANOKO; ISSN:2079-4991. (MDPI AG)
      Here we present a facile and efficient method of controlled embedding of inorg. nanoparticles into an ultra-thin (<15 nm) and flat (~ 1.0 nm) polymeric coating that prevents unwanted aggregation. Hybrid polymer brushes-based films were obtained by simultaneous incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with diams. of 8-10 nm into a polycationic macromol. matrix during the surface initiated atom transfer radical polymn. (SI-ATRP) reaction in an ultrasonic reactor. The proposed structures characterized with homogeneous distribution of sepd. nanoparticles that maintain nanometric thickness and strong magnetic properties are a good alternative for commonly used layers of crosslinked nanoparticles aggregates or bulk structures. Obtained coatings were characterized using at. force microscopy (AFM) working in the magnetic mode, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and XPS.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXht1ais73E&md5=d3df45683efe77ca966eba99fcf13579
    20. 20
      Onses, M. S.; Wan, L.; Liu, X.; Kiremitler, N. B.; Yılmaz, H.; Nealey, P. F. Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared Using Block Copolymer Lithography. ACS Macro Lett. 2015, 1356– 1361,  DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00644
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      20
      Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared Using Block Copolymer Lithography
      Onses, M. Serdar; Wan, Lei; Liu, Xiaoying; Kiremitler, N. Burak; Yilmaz, Hatice; Nealey, Paul F.
      ACS Macro Letters (2015), 4 (12), 1356-1361CODEN: AMLCCD; ISSN:2161-1653. (American Chemical Society)
      We present a high-throughput and inexpensive fabrication approach that uses self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) films as templates to generate dense nanoscale chem. patterns of polymer brushes for the selective immobilization of Au nanoparticles (NPs). A cross-linked random copolymer mat that contains styrene and Me methacrylate units serves both as a base layer for perpendicular assembly of nanoscale domains of poly(styrene-block-Me methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films and as a nonadsorbing background layer that surrounds the chem. patterns. The selective removal of the PMMA block and the underlying mat via oxygen plasma etching generates binding sites which are then functionalized with poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brushes. Au NPs with a diam. of 13 nm selectively immobilize on the patterned P2VP brushes. An essential aspect in fabricating high quality chem. patterns is the superior behavior of Me methacrylate contg. cross-linked mats in retaining their chem. during the grafting of P2VP brushes. The use of BCPs with different mol. wts. and vol. fractions allows for prepn. of chem. patterns with different geometries, sizes, and pitches for generating arrays of single particles that hold great promise for applications that range from mol. sensing to optical devices.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhvFyjsr%252FP&md5=9cb14e9d986941d28c4b16aa7efe36bf
    21. 21
      Ha, M.; Kim, J.-H.; You, M.; Li, Q.; Fan, C.; Nam, J.-M. Multicomponent Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Heterostructured Nanoparticles to Colloidal Composite Nanostructures. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 12208– 12278,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00234
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      21
      Multicomponent Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Heterostructured Nanoparticles to Colloidal Composite Nanostructures
      Ha, Minji; Kim, Jae-Ho; You, Myunghwa; Li, Qian; Fan, Chunhai; Nam, Jwa-Min
      Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2019), 119 (24), 12208-12278CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
      A review. Plasmonic nanostructures possessing unique and versatile optoelectronic properties were vastly studied over the past decade. However, the full potential of plasmonic nanostructure has not yet been fully exploited, particularly with single-component homogeneous structures with monotonic properties, and the addn. of new components for making multicomponent nanoparticles may lead to new-yet-unexpected or improved properties. Here the authors define the term multi-component nanoparticles as hybrid structures composed of ≥2 condensed nanoscale domains with distinctive material compns., shapes, or sizes. The designing principles and synthetic strategies are discussed to efficiently combine multiple components to form hybrid nanoparticles with a new or improved plasmonic functionality. It was quite challenging to precisely synthesize widely diverse multicomponent plasmonic structures, limiting realization of the full potential of plasmonic heterostructures. To address this challenge, several synthetic approaches were reported to form a variety of different multicomponent plasmonic nanoparticles, mainly based on heterogeneous nucleation, at. replacements, adsorption on supports, and biomol.-mediated assemblies. The unique and synergistic features of multicomponent plasmonic nanoparticles, such as combination of pristine material properties, finely tuned plasmon resonance and coupling, enhanced light-matter interactions, geometry-induced polarization, and plasmon-induced energy and charge transfer across the heterointerface, were reported. The latest advances on state-of-art synthetic strategies, unique properties, and promising applications of multicomponent plasmonic nanoparticles are comprehensively summarized. These plasmonic nanoparticles including heterostructured nanoparticles and composite nanostructures are prepd. by direct synthesis and phys. force- or biomol.-mediated assembly, which hold tremendous potential for plasmon-mediated energy transfer, magnetic plasmonics, metamols., and nanobiotechnol.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXit12jsr%252FJ&md5=45980f9edd3d9df3af3bfce24217d116
    22. 22
      Ma, Z.; Mohapatra, J.; Wei, K.; Liu, J. P.; Sun, S. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Anisotropy, and Applications. Chem. Rev. 2021,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00860
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    23. 23
      Astruc, D. Introduction: Nanoparticles in Catalysis. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 461– 463,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00696
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      23
      Introduction: Nanoparticles in Catalysis
      Astruc, Didier
      Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2020), 120 (2), 461-463CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
      There is no expanded citation for this reference.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXnvFOhtg%253D%253D&md5=037ea134ea7f895ff4fc93839ad81a04
    24. 24
      Kim, T. H.; Jang, E. Y.; Lee, N. J.; Choi, D. J.; Lee, K. J.; Jang, J. T.; Choi, J. S.; Moon, S. H.; Cheon, J. Nanoparticle Assemblies as Memristors. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2229– 2233,  DOI: 10.1021/nl900030n
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      24
      Nanoparticle Assemblies as Memristors
      Kim, Tae Hee; Jang, Eun Young; Lee, Nyun Jong; Choi, Deung Jang; Lee, Kyung-Jin; Jang, Jung-tak; Choi, Jin-sil; Moon, Seung Ho; Cheon, Jinwoo
      Nano Letters (2009), 9 (6), 2229-2233CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
      Recently a memristor, the fourth fundamental passive circuit element, was demonstrated as thin film device operations. A new addn. to the memristor family can be nanoparticle assemblies consisting of an infinite no. of monodispersed, cryst. magnetite (Fe3O4) particles. Assembly of nanoparticles that have sizes below 10 nm, exhibits at room temp. a voltage-current hysteresis with an abrupt and large bipolar resistance switching (ROFF/RON ≈ 20). Interestingly, obsd. behavior could be interpreted by adopting an extended memristor model that combines both a time-dependent resistance and a time-dependent capacitance. We also obsd. that such behavior is not restricted to magnetites; it is a general property of nanoparticle assemblies as it was consistently obsd. in different types of spinel structured nanoparticles with different sizes and compns. Further investigation into this new nanoassembly system will be of importance to the realization of the next generation nanodevices with potential advantages of simpler and inexpensive device fabrications.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXlt12muro%253D&md5=01529bed3d51197fa407bdb58b8e0fa0
    25. 25
      Bishop, K. J. M.; Wilmer, C. E.; Soh, S.; Grzybowski, B. A. Nanoscale Forces and Their Uses in Self-Assembly. Small 2009, 5, 1600– 1630,  DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900358
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      25
      Nanoscale forces and their uses in self-assembly
      Bishop, Kyle J. M.; Wilmer, Christopher E.; Soh, Siowling; Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
      Small (2009), 5 (14), 1600-1630CODEN: SMALBC; ISSN:1613-6810. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      A review. The ability to assemble nanoscopic components into larger structures and materials depends crucially on the ability to understand in quant. detail and subsequently "engineer" the interparticle interactions. This Review provides a crit. examn. of the various interparticle forces (van der Waals, electrostatic, magnetic, mol., and entropic) that can be used in nanoscale self-assembly. For each type of interaction, the magnitude and the length scale are discussed, as well as the scaling with particle size and interparticle distance. In all cases, the discussion emphasizes characteristics unique to the nanoscale. These theor. considerations are accompanied by examples of recent exptl. systems, in which specific interaction types were used to drive nanoscopic self-assembly. Overall, this Review aims to provide a comprehensive yet easily accessible resource of nanoscale-specific interparticle forces that can be implemented in models or simulations of self-assembly processes at this scale.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXpsV2ltLg%253D&md5=6bf8d9f5c31d0769c351c72fd6d13099
    26. 26
      Gole, A.; Sainkar, S. R.; Sastry, M. Electrostatically Controlled Organization of Carboxylic Acid Derivatized Colloidal Silver Particles on Amine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 1234– 1239,  DOI: 10.1021/cm990439u
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      26
      Electrostatically Controlled Organization of Carboxylic Acid Derivatized Colloidal Silver Particles on Amine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers
      Gole, Anand; Sainkar, S. R.; Sastry, Murali
      Chemistry of Materials (2000), 12 (5), 1234-1239CODEN: CMATEX; ISSN:0897-4756. (American Chemical Society)
      The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of an arom. bifunctional mol., 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on Au and the subsequent organization of carboxylic acid derivatized Ag colloidal particles is described. Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) measurements were used to follow the formation of 4-ATP SAMs as well as electrostatic assembly of the colloidal Ag particles on the SAM surface. The electrostatic interaction between the neg. charged colloidal particle surface-bound carboxylic acid groups and the terminal amine groups in the SAM can be modulated by variation of the colloidal soln. pH. This enables control over the surface coverage of the colloidal particles on the SAM surface with a max. surface coverage of 18% being attained. The SAMs as well as the colloidal particle covered SAM films were further characterized with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive anal. of x-rays (EDAX) measurements.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3cXitlyltr0%253D&md5=d5c3e8b529147cbb31f3525c41ded114
    27. 27
      Farcau, C.; Moreira, H.; Viallet, B.; Grisolia, J.; Ressier, L. Tunable Conductive Nanoparticle Wire Arrays Fabricated by Convective Self-Assembly on Nonpatterned Substrates. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 7275– 7282,  DOI: 10.1021/nn102128w
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      27
      Tunable conductive nanoparticle wire arrays fabricated by convective self-assembly on nonpatterned substrates
      Farcau, Cosmin; Moreira, Helena; Viallet, Benoit; Grisolia, Jeremie; Ressier, Laurence
      ACS Nano (2010), 4 (12), 7275-7282CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
      Ordered arrays of centimeter-long nanoparticle wires are fabricated by convective self-assembly from aq. suspensions of 18 nm gold colloids, on flat SiO2/Si substrates without any prepatterning. The orientation of the wires can be switched from parallel to perpendicular to the substrate-liq.-air contact line by controlling the substrate temp. While the wires parallel to the meniscus are obtained by a stick-slip process, a mechanism based on crit. d.-triggered particle pinning is proposed to explain the formation of wires perpendicular to the meniscus. The geometry of the wire arrays is tuned by simply controlling the meniscus translation speed. Wires are typically characterized by widths of a few micrometers (1.8-8.2 μm), thicknesses of mono- to multilayers (18-70 nm), and spacings of few tens of micrometers. The fabricated nanoparticle wires are conductive, exhibiting a metallic resistive behavior in ambient conditions. Resistivity values of 5 × 10-6 and 5 × 10-2 Ωm are obtained on multilayer and monolayer nanoparticle wires, resp. Such conductive nanoparticle wire arrays, fabricated by a simple and low-cost bottom-up strategy, offer opportunities for developing nanoparticle-based functional devices.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtlKjsLbE&md5=28f2e4e3ccc01da22d9dd8109f9e3e6a
    28. 28
      Karnaushenko, D.; Kang, T.; Bandari, V. K.; Zhu, F.; Schmidt, O. G. 3D Self-Assembled Microelectronic Devices: Concepts, Materials, Applications. Adv. Mater. 2020, 1902994,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902994
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      28
      Self-assembled 3D microelectronic devices: Concepts, materials, applications
      Karnaushenko, Daniil; Kang, Tong; Bandari, Vineeth K.; Zhu, Feng; Schmidt, Oliver G.
      Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2020), 32 (15), 1902994CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      Modern microelectronic systems and their components are essentially 3D devices that have become smaller and lighter in order to improve performance and reduce costs. To maintain this trend, novel materials and technologies are required that provide more structural freedom in 3D over conventional microelectronics, as well as easier parallel fabrication routes while maintaining compatibility with existing manufg. methods. Self-assembly of initially planar membranes into complex 3D architectures offers a wealth of opportunities to accommodate thin-film microelectronic functionalities in devices and systems possessing improved performance and higher integration d. Existing work in this field, with a focus on components constructed from 3D self-assembly, is reviewed, and an outlook on their application potential in tomorrow's microelectronics world is provided.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhslOhurjP&md5=324fb2456e9885f54f225eb2d90232f7
    29. 29
      Xia, Y.; Rogers, J. A.; Paul, K. E.; Whitesides, G. M. Unconventional Methods for Fabricating and Patterning Nanostructures. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1823– 1848,  DOI: 10.1021/cr980002q
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      29
      Unconventional methods for fabricating and patterning nanostructures
      Xia, Younan; Rogers, John A.; Paul, Kateri E.; Whitesides, George M.
      Chemical Reviews (Washington, D. C.) (1999), 99 (7), 1823-1848CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
      A review with 286 refs. is given. The subject includes strategies for fabricating patterned nanostructure, current technologies with broad flexibility in patterning, new methods with the potential for broad flexibility in patterning, techniques for making regular or simple patterns, new concepts not yet demonstrated for 10-nm-scale patterning.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1MXjtVyisr8%253D&md5=c0eee106b66ed87108ccc8824530e7c7
    30. 30
      Farcau, C.; Moreira, H.; Viallet, B.; Grisolia, J.; Ciuculescu-Pradines, D.; Amiens, C.; Ressier, L. Monolayered Wires of Gold Colloidal Nanoparticles for High-Sensitivity Strain Sensing. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 14494– 14499,  DOI: 10.1021/jp202166s
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      30
      Monolayered Wires of Gold Colloidal Nanoparticles for High-Sensitivity Strain Sensing
      Farcau, Cosmin; Moreira, Helena; Viallet, Benoit; Grisolia, Jeremie; Ciuculescu-Pradines, Diana; Amiens, Catherine; Ressier, Laurence
      Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2011), 115 (30), 14494-14499CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
      High-sensitivity resistive strain gauges based on electron tunneling in assemblies of gold colloidal nanoparticles are fabricated and characterized. The active area of these strain gauges consists in well-defined arrays of parallel, few micrometer wide wires of close-packed 18 nm gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticle wires were obtained by convective self-assembly (CSA) on flexible polyethylene terephtalate substrates, without any lithog. prepatterning. The fine control over the thickness and the width of the nanoparticle wires through the substrate temp. and the meniscus speed during the CSA process allows demonstrating the strong impact of the dimensionality (2-dimensional or 3D) of the nanoparticle assembly on the strain gauge sensitivity. Wires made of a single monolayer of nanoparticles turn out to give strain gauges about three times more sensitive than those made of multilayers. The simplicity and versatility of convective self-assembly over other alternative methods make this technique very suitable for the reliable and low-cost fabrication of miniaturized, highly sensitive nanoparticle-based strain gauges.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXotVaks7Y%253D&md5=fd8df675d628bfeba712dd6a2d19341a
    31. 31
      Kim, D.-H.; Lu, N.; Ghaffari, R.; Rogers, J. A. Inorganic Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Bio-Integrated Electronics. NPG Asia Mater. 2012, 4, e15– e15,  DOI: 10.1038/am.2012.27
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      31
      Inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials for flexible and stretchable bio-integrated electronics
      Kim, Dae-Hyeong; Lu, Nanshu; Ghaffari, Roozbeh; Rogers, John A.
      NPG Asia Materials (2012), 4 (April), e15/1-e15/9CODEN: NAMPCE; ISSN:1884-4057. (Nature Publishing Group)
      A review. Rapid advances in semiconductor nanomaterials, techniques for their assembly, and strategies for incorporation into functional systems now enable sophisticated modes of functionality and corresponding use scenarios in electronics that cannot be addressed with conventional, wafer-based technologies. This short review highlights enabling developments in the synthesis of one- and two-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials (i.e., NWs and nanomembranes), their manipulation and use in various device components together with concepts in mechanics that allow integration onto flexible plastic foils and stretchable rubber sheets. Examples of systems that combine with or are inspired by biol. illustrate the current state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhtFOiurrM&md5=4f81809b995f7c43a4ab1e65d128d276
    32. 32
      Li, H.; Lesnyak, V.; Manna, L. Solution-Processable Quantum Dots. In Large Area and Flexible Electronics; Wiley Online Books, 2015; pp. 163– 186.
      [Crossref], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    33. 33
      Pu, X. Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting. Flexible Wearable Electron. Smart Clothing 2020, 30, 67– 86,  DOI: 10.1002/9783527818556.ch4
      [Crossref], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    34. 34
      Yuan, K.; Hu, T.; Chen, Y. Flexible and Wearable Solar Cells and Supercapacitors. In Flexible and Wearable Electronics for Smart Clothing; Wiley Online Books, 2020; pp. 87– 129.
      [Crossref], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    35. 35
      Wu, Z. S.; Parvez, K.; Feng, X.; Müllen, K. Graphene-Based in-Plane Micro-Supercapacitors with High Power and Energy Densities. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2487,  DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3487
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      35
      Influenza neuraminidase operates via a nucleophilic mechanism and can be targeted by covalent inhibitors
      Vavricka, Christopher J.; Liu, Yue; Kiyota, Hiromasa; Sriwilaijaroen, Nongluk; Qi, Jianxun; Tanaka, Kosuke; Wu, Yan; Li, Qing; Li, Yan; Yan, Jinghua; Suzuki, Yasuo; Gao, George F.
      Nature Communications (2013), 4 (Feb.), ncomms2487, 8 pp.CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Publishing Group)
      Development of novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors is crit. for preparedness against influenza outbreaks. Knowledge of the neuraminidase enzymic mechanism and transition-state analog, 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid, contributed to the development of the first generation anti-neuraminidase drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir. However, lack of evidence regarding influenza neuraminidase key catalytic residues has limited strategies for novel neuraminidase inhibitor design. Here, we confirm that influenza neuraminidase conserved Tyr406 is the key catalytic residue that may function as a nucleophile; thus, mechanism-based covalent inhibition of influenza neuraminidase was conceived. Crystallog. studies reveal that 2α,3ax-difluoro-N-acetylneuraminic acid forms a covalent bond with influenza neuraminidase Tyr406 and the compd. was found to possess potent anti-influenza activity against both influenza A and B viruses. Our results address many unanswered questions about the influenza neuraminidase catalytic mechanism and demonstrate that covalent inhibition of influenza neuraminidase is a promising and novel strategy for the development of next-generation influenza drugs.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXptVGrur4%253D&md5=6d499f49bd125d181abc79be82b20956
    36. 36
      Sun, S.; Mendes, P.; Critchley, K.; Diegoli, S.; Hanwell, M.; Evans, S. D.; Leggett, G. J.; Preece, J. A.; Richardson, T. H. Fabrication of Gold Micro- and Nanostructures by Photolithographic Exposure of Thiol-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 345– 350,  DOI: 10.1021/nl052130h
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      36
      Fabrication of Gold Micro- and Nanostructures by Photolithographic Exposure of Thiol-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles
      Sun, Shuqing; Mendes, Paula; Critchley, Kevin; Diegoli, Sara; Hanwell, Marcus; Evans, Stephen D.; Leggett, Graham J.; Preece, Jon A.; Richardson, Tim H.
      Nano Letters (2006), 6 (3), 345-350CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
      Exposure of thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles supported on silicon wafers to UV light leads to oxidn. of the thiol mols. and coagulation of the nanoparticles, forming densified structures that are resistant to removal by solvent exposure. Unoxidized particles may, in contrast, readily be removed leaving gold structures behind at the surface. This process provides a convenient and simple route for the fabrication of gold structures with dimensions ranging from micrometers to nanometers. The use of masks enables micrometer-scale structures to be fabricated rapidly. Exposure of nanoparticles to light from a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) leads to the formation of gold nanowires. The dimensions of these nanowires depend on the method of prepn. of the film: for spin-cast films, a width of 200 nm was achieved. However, this was reduced significantly, to 60 nm, for Langmuir-Schaeffer films.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28Xhs1Ciur8%253D&md5=0d7d4e1735cbad15b140abf9d0f1ee5f
    37. 37
      Kim, T. H.; Cho, K. S.; Lee, E. K.; Lee, S. J.; Chae, J.; Kim, J. W.; Kim, D. H.; Kwon, J. Y.; Amaratunga, G.; Lee, S. Y.; Choi, B. L.; Kuk, Y.; Kim, J. M.; Kim, K. Full-Colour Quantum Dot Displays Fabricated by Transfer Printing. Nat. Photonics 2011, 5, 176– 182,  DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.12
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      37
      Full-colour quantum dot displays fabricated by transfer printing
      Kim, Tae-Ho; Cho, Kyung-Sang; Lee, Eun Kyung; Lee, Sang Jin; Chae, Jungseok; Kim, Jung Woo; Kim, Do Hwan; Kwon, Jang-Yeon; Amaratunga, Gehan; Lee, Sang Yoon; Choi, Byoung Lyong; Kuk, Young; Kim, Jong Min; Kim, Kinam
      Nature Photonics (2011), 5 (3), 176-182CODEN: NPAHBY; ISSN:1749-4885. (Nature Publishing Group)
      Light-emitting diodes with quantum dot luminophores show promise in the development of next-generation displays, because quantum dot luminophores demonstrate high quantum yields, extremely narrow emission, spectral tunability and high stability, among other beneficial characteristics. However, the inability to achieve size-selective quantum dot patterning by conventional methods hinders the realization of full-color quantum dot displays. Here, we report the first demonstration of a large-area, full-color quantum dot display, including in flexible form, using optimized quantum dot films, and with control of the nano-interfaces and carrier behavior. Printed quantum dot films exhibit excellent morphol., well-ordered quantum dot structure and clearly defined interfaces. These characteristics are achieved through the solvent-free transfer of quantum dot films and the compact structure of the quantum dot networks. Significant enhancements in charge transport/balance in the quantum dot layer improve electroluminescent performance. A method using plasmonic coupling is also suggested to further enhance luminous efficiency. The results suggest routes towards creating large-scale optoelectronic devices in displays, solid-state lighting and photovoltaics.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXisFWqsrg%253D&md5=49897b18889f033c745e6db58625a01f
    38. 38
      Santhanam, V.; Andres, R. P. Microcontact Printing of Uniform Nanoparticle Arrays. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 41– 44,  DOI: 10.1021/nl034851r
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      38
      Microcontact Printing of Uniform Nanoparticle Arrays
      Santhanam, Venugopal; Andres, Ronald P.
      Nano Letters (2004), 4 (1), 41-44CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
      Uniform, close-packed monolayer and bilayer arrays of alkanethiol-coated gold nanoparticles have been used as "ink" for microcontact printing (μCP) following the technique of Xia and Whitesides (Y. Xia et al., 1997). The process is accomplished in two steps. First, a uniform monolayer of the nanoparticles is self-assembled on a water surface and is transferred intact to a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp pad by the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) method. In the case of multilayer printing, this "inking" step is repeated as many times as desired. Because multilayer arrays are assembled on the stamp pad layer-by-layer, adjacent layers may be made up of the same or different particles. The nanoparticles are transferred to a solid substrate by conformal contact of the stamp pad and the substrate. The technique has been used to print patterned monolayer and bilayer arrays on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. The quality of the transferred arrays has been verified optically and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This new μCP technique should be applicable to any particles that can be spread as a monolayer on a water surface and promises to be useful for nanofabrication.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3sXpsVamu7k%253D&md5=2f6a98ae91883a8ea860affc6b2f7059
    39. 39
      Zheng, H.; Rubner, M. F.; Hammond, P. T. Particle Assembly on Patterned “Plus/Minus” Polyelectrolyte Surfaces via Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping. Langmuir 2002, 18, 4505– 4510,  DOI: 10.1021/la020044g
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      39
      Particle Assembly on Patterned "Plus/Minus" Polyelectrolyte Surfaces via Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping
      Zheng, Haipeng; Rubner, Michael F.; Hammond, Paula T.
      Langmuir (2002), 18 (11), 4505-4510CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      Polymer-on-polymer stamping, the direct transfer of polyelectrolytes to oppositely charged surfaces, has been used to create alternate regions of "plus/minus (+/-)" charge on surfaces for the fabrication of colloidal particle arrays. Here, new approaches are also presented to create two types of smaller-scale patterns, ring patterns and small-dot patterns, by tuning the stamping conditions and stamp pretreatment. This method provides a means of forming numerous micron to submicron scale arrays atop a polyelectrolyte multilayer surface on substrates ranging from glass and silicon to plastic. Direct stamping of a polyelectrolyte atop solid charged surfaces such as silicon oxide may also be used to template colloid deposition.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38XjtFGmur4%253D&md5=d828d9d3b7e6b9503d075b69af02e751
    40. 40
      Oćwieja, M.; Adamczyk, Z.; Morga, M.; Michna, A. High Density Silver Nanoparticle Monolayers Produced by Colloid Self-Assembly on Polyelectrolyte Supporting Layers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 364, 39– 48,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.059
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      40
      High density silver nanoparticle monolayers produced by colloid self-assembly on polyelectrolyte supporting layers
      Ocwieja, Magdalena; Adamczyk, Zbigniew; Morga, Maria; Michna, Aneta
      Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2011), 364 (1), 39-48CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A stable silver nanoparticle suspension was synthesized via the redn. of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride and sodium citrate. The particle's shape and size distribution were measured by various methods. The electrophoretic mobility measurements revealed that the zeta potential of particles was highly neg., increasing slightly with the ionic strength, from -52 mV for I = 10-5 M to -35 mV for I = 3 × 10-2 M (for pH = 5.5). The zeta potential of mica modified by the adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes: PEI and PAH was also detd. using the streaming potential measurements. The modified mica sheets were used as substrates for particle monolayers formed via colloid self assembly. The kinetics of this process, proceeding under diffusion-controlled transport conditions, was quant. evaluated by a direct enumeration of particles using the AFM and SEM techniques. Both the kinetics of particle deposition and the max. surface concn. were detd. From the slope of the initial deposition rates, the equiv. diam. of particles is 16 nm, in agreement with previous measurements. Based on this finding, an efficient method of detg. particle size in suspension was proposed. Also for higher ionic strengths, the max. coverage of particle monolayers on PAH modified mica exceeded 0.39. The kinetic data were quant. interpreted in terms of the random sequential adsorption (RSA) model using the effective hard particle concept.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1WmtLbK&md5=3204e0027328b7b50e0c31a97da126fd
    41. 41
      Tollens, B. Ueber Ammon-Alkalische Silberlösung Als Reagens Auf Aldehyd. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1882, 15, 1635– 1639,  DOI: 10.1002/cber.18820150243
      [Crossref], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    42. 42
      Ruiz-Trejo, E.; Atkinson, A.; Brandon, N. P. Metallizing Porous Scaffolds as an Alternative Fabrication Method for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes. J. Power Sources 2015, 280, 81– 89,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.091
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      42
      Metallizing porous scaffolds as an alternative fabrication method for solid oxide fuel cell anodes
      Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique; Atkinson, Alan; Brandon, Nigel P.
      Journal of Power Sources (2015), 280 (), 81-89CODEN: JPSODZ; ISSN:0378-7753. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A combination of electroless and electrolytic techniques is used to incorporate Ni into a porous Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.90 scaffold. First a porous backbone was screen printed into a YSZ electrolyte using an ink that contains sacrificial pore formers. Once sintered, the scaffold was coated with Ag using Tollens' reaction followed by electrodeposition of Ni in a Watts bath. At high temps. the Ag forms droplets enabling direct contact between the gadolinia-doped ceria and Ni. Using impedance spectroscopy anal. in a sym. cell a total area specific resistance of 1 Ωcm2 at 700° in 97% H2 with 3% H2O was found, indicating the potential of this fabrication method for scaling up.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVGitL4%253D&md5=faf355f9620a9afe5812c8911b5f046c
    43. 43
      Zhu, Y.; Yang, B.; Liu, J.; Wang, X.; Wang, L.; Chen, X.; Yang, C. A Flexible and Biocompatible Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Tunable Internal Resistance for Powering Wearable Devices. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 22233,  DOI: 10.1038/srep22233
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      43
      A flexible and biocompatible triboelectric nanogenerator with tunable internal resistance for powering wearable devices
      Zhu, Yanbo; Yang, Bin; Liu, Jingquan; Wang, Xingzhao; Wang, Luxian; Chen, Xiang; Yang, Chunsheng
      Scientific Reports (2016), 6 (), 22233CODEN: SRCEC3; ISSN:2045-2322. (Nature Publishing Group)
      Recently, triboelec. energy nanogenerators (TENGs) have been paid the most attention by many researchers to convert mech. energy into elec. energy. TENGs usually have a simple structure and a high output voltage. However, their high internal resistance results in low output power. In this work, we propose a flexible triboelec. energy nanogenerator with the double-side tribol. layers of polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). MWCNTs with different concns. have been doped into PDMS to tune the internal resistance of triboelec. nanogenerator and optimize its output power. The dimension of the fabricated prototype is ∼3.6 cm3. Three-axial force sensor is used to monitor the applied vertical forces on the device under vertical contact-sepn. working mode. The Prototype with 10 wt% MWCNT (Prototype I) produces higher output voltage than one with 2 wt% MWCNT (Prototype II) due to its higher dielec. parameter measured by LRC impedance analyzer. The triboelec. output voltages of Prototype I and Prototype II are 30 V and 25 V under the vertical force of 3.0 N, resp. Their max. triboelec. output powers are ∼130 μW at 6 MΩ and ∼120 μW at 8.6 MΩ under vertical forces, resp.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XjsFeht7g%253D&md5=2cff01caec9c842094a3d79a268ddcce
    44. 44
      Bastús, N.; Merkoçi, F.; Piella, J.; Puntes, V. Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse Citrate- Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles of up to 200 Nm: Kinetic Control and Catalytic Properties. Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 2836– 2846,  DOI: 10.1021/cm500316k
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      44
      Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles of up to 200 nm: Kinetic Control and Catalytic Properties
      Bastus, Neus G.; Merkoci, Florind; Piella, Jordi; Puntes, Victor
      Chemistry of Materials (2014), 26 (9), 2836-2846CODEN: CMATEX; ISSN:0897-4756. (American Chemical Society)
      Highly monodisperse sodium citrate-coated spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with controlled sizes ranging from 10 to 200 nm have been synthesized by following a kinetically controlled seeded-growth approach via the redn. of silver nitrate by the combination of two chem. reducing agents: sodium citrate and tannic acid. The use of traces of tannic acid is fundamental in the synthesis of silver seeds, with an unprecedented (nanometric resoln.) narrow size distribution that becomes even narrower, by size focusing, during the growth process. The homogeneous growth of Ag seeds is kinetically controlled by adjusting reaction parameters: concns. of reducing agents, temp., silver precursor to seed ratio, and pH. This method produces long-term stable aq. colloidal dispersions of Ag NPs with narrow size distributions, relatively high concns. (up to 6 × 1012 NPs/mL), and, more important, readily accessible surfaces. This was proved by studying the catalytic properties of as-synthesized Ag NPs using the redn. of Rhodamine B (RhB) by sodium borohydride as a model reaction system. As a result, we show the ability of citrate-stabilized Ag NPs to act as very efficient catalysts for the degrdn. of RhB while the coating with a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer dramatically decreased the reaction rate.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXltF2ltL4%253D&md5=250b5040d10cd969c65325c2d41b49dd
    45. 45
      Fowkes, F. M. Attractive Forces at Interfaces. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1964, 56, 40– 52,  DOI: 10.1021/ie50660a008
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      45
      Attractive forces at interfaces
      Fowkes, Frederick M.
      Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (1964), 56 (12), 40-52CODEN: IECHAD; ISSN:0019-7866.
      London dispersion force contributions to the surface free energy (London, CA 31, 28829) are used to calc. surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angles, heats and free energies of adsorption and immersion, and the long range van der Waals forces. Thus, [γ]12 = [γ]1 + [γ]2 - 2([γ]1d[γ]2d)1/2, where [γ]12 is the interfacial free energy between 2 substances, [γ]1 and [γ]2 are the surface free energies of each substance, and [γ]1d and [γ]2d are the dispersion force contributions of each substance. When a vapor is adsorbed on a solid and the adsorbate is in equil. with liquid adsorbate, this equation can be combined with a known relationship to form an equation: [γ]Sd = ( [π]e + 2[γ]L)2/4[γ]Ld,where [γ]Sd and [γ]Ld are dispersion force contributions of solid and liquid, resp., [γ]L is the surface free energy of the liquid, and [π]e, is the decrease in surface free energy resulting from adsorption. From this equation, [γ]Sd is calcd. as 122 ergs/sq. cm. for graphite during the adsorption of n-heptane at 25°. This value compares with 109 ergs/sq. cm. as calcd. from the contact angle of H2O on graphite. For a given adsorbate, the adsorptive power of an adsorbent increases with increasing values of [γ]Sd. Similar relationships can be set up between [γ]Sd and [γ]Ld and surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angles, heats and free energies of immersion, heat of adsorption, and long range van der Waals forces. The accuracy of values verifiable by expt. indicates that predictions of unverifiable quantities can be trusted.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaF2MXhvFWgsg%253D%253D&md5=8400d479cbcaf4500e6a05eaaced5087
    46. 46
      Jiang, X.; Zheng, H.; Gourdin, S.; Hammond, P. T. Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping: Universal Approaches to Chemically Patterned Surfaces. Langmuir 2002, 18, 2607– 2615,  DOI: 10.1021/la011098d
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      46
      Polymer-on-Polymer Stamping: Universal Approaches to Chemically Patterned Surfaces
      Jiang, Xueping; Zheng, Haipeng; Gourdin, Shoshana; Hammond, Paula T.
      Langmuir (2002), 18 (7), 2607-2615CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      A new approach to create chem. patterned surfaces utilizing polymers and copolymers is introduced. In this approach, chem. patterns are achieved by the direct stamping of functional polymers onto a surface contg. complementary functional groups. The resulting pattern is then used as a template for the further deposition of materials on the surface. This concept can be applied to various functional polymer and substrate systems as well as different thin film deposition techniques. This approach is demonstrated with the direct stamping of polystyrene-poly(acrylic acid) block copolymers (PS-PAA) to create alternating hydrophobic/hydrophilic regions and polyelectrolytes to create alternating pos. and neg. charged regions. This approach has been used for patterning surfaces and templating materials deposition. When a patterned polyelectrolyte film is used as the base layer or substrate in this process, functionality can be incorporated in the underlying layer, making this approach particularly relevant to device and sensor applications. This approach is universal to a no. of substrates, many of which can be used to adsorb a polyelectrolyte layer to provide a functional surface. Various substrates such as Si, glass, and plastic can be patterned with this method with relative ease, and without the need for traditional alkanethiol or silane monolayers. Factors such as stamping temp., contact time, and substrate pretreatment on the nature of the transferred pattern have been investigated and will be discussed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38XitVKrsLw%253D&md5=335e261fafa2e51c0bc84d0ac83b86f3
    47. 47
      COMSOL. Multiphysics® v. 5.4 ., Stockholm, Sweden. 2018.
      Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    48. 48
      Richardson, J. J.; Björnmalm, M.; Caruso, F. Technology-Driven Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Nanofilms. Science 2015, 348, aaa2491,  DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2491
      [Crossref], [PubMed], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    49. 49
      Sohling, U.; Schouten, A. J. Investigation of the Adsorption of Dioleoyl-l-α-Phosphatidic Acid Mono- and Bilayers from Vesicle Solution onto Polyethylenimine-Covered Substrates. Langmuir 1996, 12, 3912– 3919,  DOI: 10.1021/la950433t
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      49
      Investigation of the adsorption of dioleoyl-L-α-phosphatidic acid mono- and bilayers from vesicle solution onto polyethylenimine-covered substrates
      Sohling, Ulrich; Schouten, Arend Jan
      Langmuir (1996), 12 (16), 3912-3919CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      The formation of monolayers and bilayers of dioleoyl-L-α-phosphatidic acid from solns. of small unilamellar vesicles onto polyethylenimine-treated substrates was investigated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering and XPS. The formation of monolayers could be verified after an adsorption time of 5 min, on removal of the substrates from the vesicle soln. and washing with water. No adsorption of dioleoyl-L-α-phosphatidic acid takes place when the substrates used have not been pretreated with polyethylenimine. This suggests that the interaction of the charges of polyethylenimine with the phosphatidic acid headgroups is the driving force for the adsorption. Further expts. show that immersion of the supported bilayers in polyethylenimine soln. again leads to dried films with layer thicknesses of approx. twice the values of the supported monolayers. From this observation the formation of supported bilayers of lipid/polyelectrolyte complexes is derived.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK28XktlWms7o%253D&md5=30e77ea50e96f2244fcec9b7092f580a
    50. 50
      Fujimoto, K.; Fujita, S.; Ding, B.; Shiratori, S. Fabrication of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Films Using Roll-to-Roll Process. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 44, L126– L128,  DOI: 10.1143/jjap.44.l126
      [Crossref], [CAS], Google Scholar
      50
      Fabrication of layer-by-layer self-assembly films using roll-to-roll process
      Fujimoto, Kouji; Fujita, Shiro; Ding, Bin; Shiratori, Seimei
      Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 2: Letters & Express Letters (2005), 44 (1-7), L126-L128CODEN: JAPLD8 ISSN:. (Japan Society of Applied Physics)
      In this research, we fabricated thin films deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method using a roll-to-roll process and measured the morphol. and transmittance of the thin films using at. force microscopy (AFM) (nanoscope IIIa, Digital Instruments) and UV-vis spectroscopy (Filmetrics, Inc). The thin films consisting of poly(allylamine hydrochloride), (PAH) adjusted to pH 7.5 and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) adjusted to pH 3.5 showed a textured structure on moving film substrates. From these results, we found that polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) thin films showing similar to those structures of the films fabricated using a conventional dipping process were successfully assembled via the roll-to-roll process. We consider that this roll-to-roll process is suitable for fabricating large-area thin films.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXjtFWktro%253D&md5=abbfcf656e7ca7db964985e5166be814
    51. 51
      Butt, H.-J.; Graf, K.; Kappl, M. The Electric Double Layer. Phys. Chem. Interfaces 2003, 26, 42– 56,  DOI: 10.1002/3527602313.ch4
      [Crossref], Google Scholar
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    52. 52
      Wolski, K.; Szuwarzyński, M.; Zapotoczny, S. A Facile Route to Electronically Conductive Polyelectrolyte Brushes as Platforms of Molecular Wires. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 1754– 1760,  DOI: 10.1039/C4SC04048A
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      52
      A facile route to electronically conductive polyelectrolyte brushes as platforms of molecular wires
      Wolski, Karol; Szuwarzynski, Michal; Zapotoczny, Szczepan
      Chemical Science (2015), 6 (3), 1754-1760CODEN: CSHCCN; ISSN:2041-6520. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      A facile strategy for the synthesis of conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes grafted from a conductive surface is presented. Such brushes form a platform of mol. wires oriented perpendicularly to the surface, enabling efficient directional transport of charge carriers. As the synthesis of conjugated polymer brushes using chain-growth polymn. via a direct "grafting from" approach is very challenging, we developed a self-templating surface-initiated method. It is based on the formation of multimonomer template chains in the first surface-initiated polymn. step, followed by the second polymn. leading to conjugated chains in an overall ladder-like architecture. We synthesized a new bifunctional monomer and used the developed approach to obtain quaternized poly(ethynylpyridine) chains on a conductive indium tin oxide surface. A catalyst-free quaternization polymn. was for the first time used here for surface grafting. The presence of charged groups makes the obtained brushes both ionically and electronically conductive. After doping with iodine, the brushes exhibited electronic cond., in the direction perpendicular to the surface, as high as 10-1-100 Sm-1. Tunneling AFM was used for mapping the surface cond. and measuring the cond. in the spectroscopic mode. The proposed synthetic strategy is very versatile as a variety of monomers with pendant polymerizable groups and various polymn. techniques may be applied, leading to platforms of mol. wires with the desired characteristics.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXos1egsg%253D%253D&md5=1d42fbfdd32b018cea283a6058cfe827
    53. 53
      Sun, P.; Zhu, M.; Wang, K.; Zhong, M.; Wei, J.; Wu, D.; Xu, Z.; Zhu, H. Selective Ion Penetration of Graphene Oxide Membranes. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 428– 437,  DOI: 10.1021/nn304471w
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      53
      Selective Ion Penetration of Graphene Oxide Membranes
      Sun, Pengzhan; Zhu, Miao; Wang, Kunlin; Zhong, Minlin; Wei, Jinquan; Wu, Dehai; Xu, Zhiping; Zhu, Hongwei
      ACS Nano (2013), 7 (1), 428-437CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
      The selective ion penetration and water purifn. properties of freestanding graphene oxide (GO) membranes are demonstrated. Na salts permeated through GO membranes quickly, whereas heavy metal salts infiltrated much more slowly. Interestingly, Cu salts were entirely blocked by GO membranes, and org. contaminants also did not infiltrate. The mechanism of the selective ion-penetration properties of the GO membranes is discussed. The nanocapillaries formed within the membranes were responsible for the permeation of metal ions, whereas the coordination between heavy metal ions with the GO membranes restricted the passage of the ions. The penetration processes of hybrid aq. solns. were studied; the results revealed that Na salts can be sepd. effectively from Cu salts and org. contaminants. The results demonstrate the potential applications of GO in areas such as barrier sepn. and water purifn.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhvVSqtL3N&md5=08cd393ee36c4b539ca13a0428cb72b9
    54. 54
      Large, M. J.; Ogilvie, S. P.; Alomairy, S.; Vöckerodt, T.; Myles, D.; Cann, M.; Chan, H.; Jurewicz, I.; King, A. A. K.; Dalton, A. B. Selective Mechanical Transfer Deposition of Langmuir Graphene Films for High-Performance Silver Nanowire Hybrid Electrodes. Langmuir 2017, 33, 12038– 12045,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02799
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      54
      Selective Mechanical Transfer Deposition of Langmuir Graphene Films for High-Performance Silver Nanowire Hybrid Electrodes
      Large, Matthew J.; Ogilvie, Sean P.; Alomairy, Sultan; Vockerodt, Terence; Myles, David; Cann, Maria; Chan, Helios; Jurewicz, Izabela; King, Alice A. K.; Dalton, Alan B.
      Langmuir (2017), 33 (43), 12038-12045CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      The authors present Ag nanowire hybrid electrodes prepd. through the addn. of small quantities of pristine graphene by mech. transfer deposition from surface-assembled Langmuir films. This technique is a fast, efficient, and facile method for modifying the optoelectronic performance of AgNW films. It is possible to use this technique to perform two-step device prodn. by selective patterning of the stamp used, leading to controlled variation in the local sheet resistance across a device. This is particularly attractive for producing extremely low cost sensors on arbitrarily large scales. The authors' aim is to address some of the concerns surrounding the use of AgNW films as replacements for In Sn oxide (ITO), namely, the use of scarce materials and poor stability of AgNWs against flexural and environmental degrdn.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhsFyrurjO&md5=840d19b8c08cd5078247358ac3e32200
    55. 55
      Kim, C.; An, H.; Jung, A.; Yeom, B. Vortex-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Silver Nanowire Thin Films for Flexible and Transparent Conductive Electrodes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017, 493, 371– 377,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.048
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      55
      Vortex-assisted layer-by-layer assembly of silver nanowire thin films for flexible and transparent conductive electrodes
      Kim, Changho; An, Hyojin; Jung, Arum; Yeom, Bongjun
      Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2017), 493 (), 371-377CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
      Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have drawn much attention as potential candidates to replace conventional transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO). AgNWs have advantages over ITO with respect to cost and ease of fabrication, and can be used in flexible electrodes. However, the prepn. of homogeneous films from the AgNW colloidal suspension is still a challenge mainly because of the coagulation and sedimentation of AgNWs in aq. media. In this study, uniform transparent conductive films were prepd. by using AgNWs paired with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) via the vortex-assisted layer-by-layer (VA-LbL) assembly method. We introduced poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) to bind the AgNWs to the substrates via coordination bonding. Vortex agitation was also applied during the adsorption of AgNWs to achieve a uniform deposition on the substrate. We systematically examd. other exptl. conditions such as the concn. of AgNW soln. and temp. of the heat treatment to correlate them to the transparency and the cond. of the films. In addn., AgNW films were prepd. on transparent and flexible substrates and these exhibited excellent durability against bending (1000 bending cycles).
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXitFelt7k%253D&md5=4f49f24959ab5d3a6658552e915a1c74
    56. 56
      Kister, T.; Maurer, J. H. M.; González-García, L.; Kraus, T. Ligand-Dependent Nanoparticle Assembly and Its Impact on the Printing of Transparent Electrodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 6079– 6083,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18579
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      56
      Ligand-Dependent Nanoparticle Assembly and Its Impact on the Printing of Transparent Electrodes
      Kister, Thomas; Maurer, Johannes H. M.; Gonzalez-Garcia, Lola; Kraus, Tobias
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2018), 10 (7), 6079-6083CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      The authors print fully connected submicron lines of 3.2 nm diam. gold nanoparticles and vary the org. ligand shell to study the relation between colloidal interactions, ligand binding to the metal core, and cond. of the printed lines. Particles with repulsive potentials aid the formation of continuous lines, but the required long ligand mols. impede cond. and need to be removed after printing. Weakly bound alkylamines provided sufficient interparticle repulsion and were easy to remove with a soft plasma treatment after printing, so that grids with a transparencies above 90% and a cond. of 150 Ω sq-1 could be printed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXit1ymtrg%253D&md5=549a3efc99fb8f92902b282842d2c34a
    57. 57
      Ghoshal, T.; Cruz-Romero, M. C.; Kerry, J. P.; Morris, M. A. Nanosize and Shape Effects on Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Using Morphology-Controlled Nanopatterns by Block Copolymer Fabrication. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2019, 2, 6325– 6333,  DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01286
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      57
      Nanosize and Shape Effects on Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Using Morphology-Controlled Nanopatterns by Block Copolymer Fabrication
      Ghoshal, Tandra; Cruz-Romero, Malco C.; Kerry, Joseph P.; Morris, Michael A.
      ACS Applied Nano Materials (2019), 2 (10), 6325-6333CODEN: AANMF6; ISSN:2574-0970. (American Chemical Society)
      The activity of silver nanomaterials as an antimicrobial is well-known with authors noting strong size and shape effects. This paper explores if the antimicrobial activity relates to unique size-related properties of the nanodimensioned materials or a more phys. effect. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were explored as test bacteria. They can cause serious human infections and are becoming resistant to pharmaceutical antimicrobials. Silver nanopatterns on a substrate surface were used as the antimicrobial agent. We demonstrate a cost-effective facile route to fabricate a well-ordered, periodic, and dimension-controlled silver lines and dots pattern on a substrate surface. This allowed precise definition of the silver materials to explore size and shape effects. Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer (BCP) microphase sepd. thin films were used as structural templates. Well-ordered PS-b-PEO thin film with vertical and parallel oriented PEO cylinders was achieved by a solvent vapor annealing approach through careful optimization of exptl. parameters. A selective inclusion method (into one block of the BCP) of silver nitrate was used to generate the silver nanopatterns. Spin coating precursor-ethanol soln. and subsequent UV/ozone treatment produce silver nanopattern arrays. They exhibited a significant growth-inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. However, data suggest this is assocd. with high surface area rather than a unique nanodimension related property change dictated by size or shape.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhvFWlsL%252FO&md5=60c4d6e39c79350ab6c4f9bdcd8b1c33
    58. 58
      Kwak, M. K.; Shin, K. H.; Yoon, E. Y.; Suh, K. Y. Fabrication of Conductive Metal Lines by Plate-to-Roll Pattern Transfer Utilizing Edge Dewetting and Flexographic Printing. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 343, 301– 305,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.003
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      58
      Fabrication of conductive metal lines by plate-to-roll pattern transfer utilizing edge dewetting and flexographic printing
      Kwak, Moon Kyu; Shin, Kyu Ho; Yoon, Eung Yeoul; Suh, Kahp Y.
      Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2010), 343 (1), 301-305CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
      We present a simple flexog. printing method mediated by edge dewetting for potential applications to roll-to-roll or plate-to-roll pattern transfer. By controlling dewetting of a thin, conductive ink material under conformal contact with a patterned elastomeric mold (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS), the liq. ink layer is broken and then selectively wets the protruding part of the mold with high fidelity. Subsequently, a thin photoresist layer that is coated on 300 mm-diam. aluminum cylinder is brought in contact with the ink-coated PDMS mold, resulting in a plate-to-roll pattern transfer without collapse or merging of neighboring features. Using this method, conductive silver lines are fabricated on the cylindrical surface with the resoln. of ∼20 μm and the sheet resistance less than ∼4.3 Ω after 10 repeated transfer cycles.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXps1eqtQ%253D%253D&md5=98bd4957a7eb025831c56614e27da51a
    59. 59
      Yamada, T.; Fukuhara, K.; Matsuoka, K.; Minemawari, H.; Tsutsumi, J.; Fukuda, N.; Aoshima, K.; Arai, S.; Makita, Y.; Kubo, H.; Enomoto, T.; Togashi, T.; Kurihara, M.; Hasegawa, T. Nanoparticle Chemisorption Printing Technique for Conductive Silver Patterning with Submicron Resolution. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11402,  DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11402
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      59
      Nanoparticle chemisorption printing technique for conductive silver patterning with submicron resolution
      Yamada, Toshikazu; Fukuhara, Katsuo; Matsuoka, Ken; Minemawari, Hiromi; Tsutsumi, Jun'ya; Fukuda, Nobuko; Aoshima, Keisuke; Arai, Shunto; Makita, Yuichi; Kubo, Hitoshi; Enomoto, Takao; Togashi, Takanari; Kurihara, Masato; Hasegawa, Tatsuo
      Nature Communications (2016), 7 (), 11402CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Publishing Group)
      Silver nanocolloid, a dense suspension of ligand-encapsulated silver nanoparticles, is an important material for printing-based device prodn. technologies. However, printed conductive patterns of sufficiently high quality and resoln. for industrial products have not yet been achieved, as the use of conventional printing techniques is severely limiting. Here we report a printing technique to manuf. ultrafine conductive patterns utilizing the exclusive chemisorption phenomenon of weakly encapsulated silver nanoparticles on a photoactivated surface. The process includes masked irradn. of vacuum UV light on an amorphous perfluorinated polymer layer to photoactivate the surface with pendant carboxylate groups, and subsequent coating of alkylamine-encapsulated silver nanocolloids, which causes amine-carboxylate conversion to trigger the spontaneous formation of a self-fused solid silver layer. The technique can produce silver patterns of submicron fineness adhered strongly to substrates, thus enabling manuf. of flexible transparent conductive sheets. This printing technique could replace conventional vacuum- and photolithog.-based device processing.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XmsFyhtLg%253D&md5=57829d55e7add8f0a2b5fdf687be0e84
    60. 60
      Um, D.-S.; Lee, Y.; Kim, T.; Lim, S.; Lee, H.; Ha, M.; Khan, Z.; Kang, S.; Kim, M. P.; Kim, J. Y.; Ko, H. High-Resolution Filtration Patterning of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible and Transparent Optoelectronic Devices. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 32154– 32162,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06851
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      60
      hHigh-Resolution Filtration Patterning of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible and Transparent Optoelectronic Devices
      Um, Doo-Seung; Lee, Youngsu; Kim, Taehyo; Lim, Seongdong; Lee, Hochan; Ha, Minjeong; Khan, Ziyauddin; Kang, Saewon; Kim, Minsoo P.; Kim, Jin Young; Ko, Hyunhyub
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2020), 12 (28), 32154-32162CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes attract significant attention in flexible and transparent optoelectronic devices; however, high-resoln. patterning of AgNW electrodes remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we have introduced a simple technique for high-resoln. soln. patterning of AgNW networks, based on simple filtration of AgNW soln. on a patterned polyimide shadow mask. This soln. process allows the smallest pattern size of AgNW electrodes, down to a width of 3.5μm. In addn., we have demonstrated the potential of these patterned AgNW electrodes for applications in flexible optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors. Specifically, for flexible and semitransparent UV photodetectors, AgNW electrodes are embedded in sputtered ZnO films to enhance the photocurrent by light scattering and trapping, which resulted in a significantly enhanced photocurrent (up to 800%) compared to devices based on AgNW electrodes mounted on top of ZnO films. In addn., our photodetector could be operated well under extremely bent conditions (bending radius of approx. 770μm) and provide excellent durability even after 500 bending cycles.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhtF2hs7zM&md5=b8f5a18c8fdaca3952f4469205900721
    61. 61
      Wan, T.; Guan, P.; Guan, X.; Hu, L.; Wu, T.; Cazorla, C.; Chu, D. Facile Patterning of Silver Nanowires with Controlled Polarities via Inkjet-Assisted Manipulation of Interface Adhesion. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 34086– 34094,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07950
      [ACS Full Text ACS Full Text], [CAS], Google Scholar
      61
      Facile patterning of silver nanowires with controlled polarities via inkjet-assisted manipulation of interface adhesion
      Wan, Tao; Guan, Peiyuan; Guan, Xinwei; Hu, Long; Wu, Tom; Cazorla, Claudio; Chu, Dewei
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2020), 12 (30), 34086-34094CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      Facile patterning technologies of silver nanowires (AgNWs) with low-cost, high-resoln., designable, scalable, substrate-independent, and transferable characteristics are highly desired. However, it remains a grand challenge for any material processing method to fulfil all desirable features. Herein, a new patterning method is introduced by combining inkjet printing with adhesion manipulation of substrate interfaces. Both pos. and neg. patterns (i.e., AgNW grid and rectangular patterns) have been simultaneously achieved, and the pattern polarity can be reversed through adhesion modification with judiciously selected supporting layers. The elec. performance of the AgNW grids depends on the AgNW interlocking structure, manifesting a strong structure-property correlation. High-resoln. and complex AgNW patterns with line width and spacing as small as 10μm have been demonstrated through selective deposition of poly(Me methacrylate) layers. In addn., customized AgNW patterns, such as logos and words, can be fabricated onto A4-size samples and subsequently transferred to targeted substrates, including Si wafers, a curved glass vial, and a beaker. This reported inkjet-assisted process therefore offers a new effective route to manipulate AgNWs for advanced device applications.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhtlKgsbrE&md5=3c0cb1b7dafad22879040ccccfb2619b
    62. 62
      Jia, B.; Zhao, Y.; Qin, M.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, L.; Wu, H.; Liu, Y.; Qu, X. A Self-Standing Silver/Crosslinked-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Network with Microfibers, Nanowires and Nanoparticles and Its Linear Aggregation. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2019, 535, 524– 532,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.023
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      62
      A self-standing silver/crosslinked-poly(vinyl alcohol) network with microfibers, nanowires and nanoparticles and its linear aggregation
      Jia, Baorui; Zhao, Yongzhi; Qin, Mingli; Zhang, Zili; Liu, Luan; Wu, Haoyang; Liu, Ye; Qu, Xuanhui
      Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2019), 535 (), 524-532CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
      Silver/polymer nanocomposites have made inroads into the fields of electronic devices, thermally conductive materials, antimicrobial agents and sensors. Here, we present the hydrothermal synthesis of a novel three-dimensional self-standing silver/crosslinked-poly(vinyl alc.) (Ag/crosslinked-PVA) hybrid network constructed by linking three different subunits, namely, microfibers, nanowires and nanoparticles. One-dimensional crosslinked-PVA-based microfibers act as the skeleton of the sponge. Ag nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the interior of the microfibers, and Ag nanowires grow outward from the interior of the microfibers. This Ag/crosslinked-PVA multi-architecture has not be obsd. or reported in current state-of-the-art studies. We simultaneously carry out two types of reactions, chem. redn. of Ag+ ions and intermol. crosslinking of PVA chains, in the synthesis under hydrothermal conditions. Ag nanoparticles are formed and dispersed in the crosslinked-PVA microspheres. Then, these Ag/crosslinked-PVA microspheres bridge each other, forming microchains and microfibers. Ultimately, linear aggregation, which has rarely been mentioned in the literature, occurs in some adjacent Ag nanoparticles in the microfibers, and the Ag nanoparticles reorganize into nanowires. The Ag/crosslinked-PVA network is shown to be converted into a Ag/C composite through annealing, which exhibits electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidn. and can be used as a self-supporting electrode in an antibacterial nonenzymic glucose sensor.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvFaksr3O&md5=31448e9c5a905cb8c4527adec8ca4c08
    63. 63
      Tugba Camic, B.; Oytun, F.; Hasan Aslan, M.; Jeong Shin, H.; Choi, H.; Basarir, F. Fabrication of a Transparent Conducting Electrode Based on Graphene/Silver Nanowires via Layer-by-Layer Method for Organic Photovoltaic Devices. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017, 505, 79– 86,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.065
      [Crossref], [PubMed], [CAS], Google Scholar
      63
      Fabrication of a transparent conducting electrode based on graphene/silver nanowires via layer-by-layer method for organic photovoltaic devices
      Tugba Camic, B.; Oytun, Faruk; Hasan Aslan, M.; Shin, Hee Jeong; Choi, Hyosung; Basarir, Fevzihan
      Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2017), 505 (), 79-86CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN:0021-9797. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A soln.-processed. transparent conducting electrode was fabricated using layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of graphene oxide (GO) and Ag nanowires (Ag NW). Graphite was oxidized with a modified Hummer's method to yield neg.-charged GO sheets; Ag NW were functionalized with cysteamine hydrochloride to yield pos.-charged Ag NW. Oppositely-charged GO and Ag NW were sequentially coated on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified glass substrate via LBL deposition, providing highly controllable thin films in terms of optical transmittance and sheet resistance. GO sheets were reduced to improve multilayer film elec. cond. The resulting GO/Ag NW multilayer was characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, field emission SEM, optical microscopy, and sheet resistance using a four-point probe method. The best result was achieved with a two-bilayer film, with a 6.5 Ω/sq sheet resistance and a 78.2% optical transmittance at 550 nm; values comparable to those of com. indium tin oxide electrodes. A device based on a two-bilayer hybrid film exhibited the highest efficiency (1.30%) among devices with different no. of graphene/Ag NW LBL depositions.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXovVKmtLc%253D&md5=15a31444fa2713358fb3487c96312a01

  • Supporting Information

    Supporting Information

    ARTICLE SECTIONS
    Jump To

    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.2c02559.

    • Synthetic procedures and characterization of AgNP, details on the electric field modeling and deposition of AgNPs, and estimation of the conductivity of PEI-AgNPs and PEI-AgNPs-Ag paths (PDF)


    Terms & Conditions

    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

PDF [ 6MB]

Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!

STEP 1:
Click to create an ACS ID

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

MENDELEY PAIRING EXPIRED
Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect