Size-Controlled LiDAR-Detectable Black Pigments: Comparative Study from the Nano- to the Micron-ScaleClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Jiwon KimJiwon KimDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of KoreaMore by Jiwon Kim
- Zambaga OtgonbayarZambaga OtgonbayarDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of KoreaMore by Zambaga Otgonbayar
- Suk JekalSuk JekalDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of KoreaMore by Suk Jekal
- Minki SaMinki SaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of KoreaMore by Minki Sa
- Dahee KangDahee KangDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of KoreaMore by Dahee Kang
- Jungchul NohJungchul NohMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United StatesMore by Jungchul Noh
- Woo-Jin Song*Woo-Jin Song*Email: [email protected]Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaMore by Woo-Jin Song
- Chang-Min Yoon*Chang-Min Yoon*Email: [email protected]. Tel: 82-42-821-1528. Fax: 82-42-821-1593.Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of KoreaMore by Chang-Min Yoon
Abstract

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors emit pulsed near-infrared (NIR) lasers toward targets and detect the reflected signals to measure the distance between LiDAR-equipped autonomous vehicles and surrounding objects. However, LiDAR sensors have difficulty recognizing black and dark objects owing to their intrinsic light absorption characteristics, including NIR light, which limits their practical application in autonomous driving environments. In this study, NIR-reflective silica/black titania core/shell (SBT/CS) pigments of various sizes (140 nm, 1.3 μm, and 6.6 μm) ranging from the nano- to micron-scale are synthesized to evaluate the suitability of LiDAR-detectable paints in car coatings. The silica cores are fabricated using the Stöber method by adjusting the quantity of the reagents and then coated with a black titania shell via titanium tetrachloride sol–gel and NaBH4 reduction methods. In practical LiDAR applications, the SBT/CS pigments with 100 nm cores exhibit the highest NIR reflectance (27.8 R% at 905 nm) owing to their high specific surface area. Conversely, SBT/CS pigments with 6 μm cores demonstrate excellent spreadability and durability owing to their increased contact area and mechanical strength. All of the SBT/CS-painted objects are successfully recognized using commercial LiDAR sensors, thus confirming the advantages of micron-scaled SBT/CS-based paints in autonomous driving environments.
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