Bioactive Compounds of Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina) with Potential Anticancer Activities: A Systematic Review
- Maria Rafaele O. B. da SilvaMaria Rafaele O. B. da SilvaApplied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, BrazilLaboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, BrazilMore by Maria Rafaele O. B. da Silva
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- Gisele M. da SilvaGisele M. da SilvaLaboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, BrazilMore by Gisele M. da Silva
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- Amannda L. F. da SilvaAmannda L. F. da SilvaLaboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, BrazilMore by Amannda L. F. da Silva
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- Luiza R. A. de LimaLuiza R. A. de LimaLaboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, BrazilMore by Luiza R. A. de Lima
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- Raquel P. Bezerra*Raquel P. Bezerra*E-mail: [email protected]Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, 52171-900 Recife, PE, BrazilMore by Raquel P. Bezerra
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- Daniela de A. V. MarquesDaniela de A. V. MarquesLaboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, BrazilMore by Daniela de A. V. Marques
Abstract
Arthrospira, a genus of blue-green cyanobacteria, is known for its great biological activity due to the presence of a large number of substances that are potentially active against tumor cells. This review aimed to evaluate the potential of Arthrospira spp. for the treatment or reduction of several types of cancer, in addition to elucidating the mechanism of action by which their compounds act on tumor cells. A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS, and SciELO databases, including original studies from 2009 to 2020. A total of 1306 articles were independently assessed according to the eligibility criteria, of which 20 articles were selected and assessed for the risk of bias using seven criteria developed by the authors. Arthrospira spp. of cyanobacteria have been evaluated against eight different types of cancer, mainly colon cancer. Among all the compounds, phycocyanin was the most used, followed by peptides and photosensitizers. In general, compounds from Arthrospira spp. act as anticancer agents by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, triggering cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis via different signaling pathways. In addition, these compounds also exhibited antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. Phycocyanin demonstrated better efficacy against several types of cancer via different activities and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it was the only molecule that functioned in synergy with other drugs that are already well established for the treatment of cancer.
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