Discovering the Microbial Enzymes Driving Drug Toxicity with Activity-Based Protein ProfilingClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Parth B. JariwalaParth B. JariwalaDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United StatesMore by Parth B. Jariwala
- Samuel J. PellockSamuel J. PellockDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United StatesMore by Samuel J. Pellock
- Dennis GoldfarbDennis GoldfarbInstitute for Informatics and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United StatesMore by Dennis Goldfarb
- Erica W. CloerErica W. CloerLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United StatesMore by Erica W. Cloer
- Marta ArtolaMarta ArtolaDepartment of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2311, The NetherlandsMore by Marta Artola
- Joshua B. SimpsonJoshua B. SimpsonDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United StatesMore by Joshua B. Simpson
- Aadra P. BhattAadra P. BhattCenter for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United StatesMore by Aadra P. Bhatt
- William G. WaltonWilliam G. WaltonDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United StatesMore by William G. Walton
- Lee R. RobertsLee R. RobertsExploratory Science Center, Merck & Company Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United StatesMore by Lee R. Roberts
- Michael B. MajorMichael B. MajorDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology and Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United StatesMore by Michael B. Major
- Gideon J. DaviesGideon J. DaviesYork Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.More by Gideon J. Davies
- Herman S. OverkleeftHerman S. OverkleeftDepartment of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2311, The NetherlandsMore by Herman S. Overkleeft
- Matthew R. Redinbo*Matthew R. Redinbo*E-mail: [email protected] (M.R.R.).Department of Chemistry, Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences and Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United StatesMore by Matthew R. Redinbo
Abstract

It is increasingly clear that interindividual variability in human gut microbial composition contributes to differential drug responses. For example, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is not observed in all patients treated with the anticancer drug irinotecan, and it has been suggested that this variability is a result of differences in the types and levels of gut bacterial β-glucuronidases (GUSs). GUS enzymes promote drug toxicity by hydrolyzing the inactive drug–glucuronide conjugate back to the active drug, which damages the GI epithelium. Proteomics-based identification of the exact GUS enzymes responsible for drug reactivation from the complexity of the human microbiota has not been accomplished, however. Here, we discover the specific bacterial GUS enzymes that generate SN-38, the active and toxic metabolite of irinotecan, from human fecal samples using a unique activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) platform. We identify and quantify gut bacterial GUS enzymes from human feces with an ABPP-enabled proteomics pipeline and then integrate this information with ex vivo kinetics to pinpoint the specific GUS enzymes responsible for SN-38 reactivation. Furthermore, the same approach also reveals the molecular basis for differential gut bacterial GUS inhibition observed between human fecal samples. Taken together, this work provides an unprecedented technical and bioinformatics pipeline to discover the microbial enzymes responsible for specific reactions from the complexity of human feces. Identifying such microbial enzymes may lead to precision biomarkers and novel drug targets to advance the promise of personalized medicine.
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