Crystallographic Structure Analysis of a Ti–Ta Thin Film Materials Library Fabricated by Combinatorial Magnetron SputteringClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Peter M. Kadletz*Peter M. Kadletz*E-mail: [email protected]Applied Crystallography and Materials Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80333 München, GermanyMore by Peter M. Kadletz
- Yahya MotemaniYahya MotemaniWerkstoffe der Mikrotechnik, Institut für Werkstoffe, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyMore by Yahya Motemani
- Joy IannottaJoy IannottaApplied Crystallography and Materials Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80333 München, GermanyMore by Joy Iannotta
- Steffen SalomonSteffen SalomonWerkstoffe der Mikrotechnik, Institut für Werkstoffe, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyMore by Steffen Salomon
- Chinmay KhareChinmay KhareWerkstoffe der Mikrotechnik, Institut für Werkstoffe, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyMore by Chinmay Khare
- Lukas GrossmannLukas GrossmannApplied Crystallography and Materials Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80333 München, GermanyMore by Lukas Grossmann
- Hans Jürgen MaierHans Jürgen MaierInstitut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30823 Garbsen, GermanyMore by Hans Jürgen Maier
- Alfred LudwigAlfred LudwigWerkstoffe der Mikrotechnik, Institut für Werkstoffe, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyMore by Alfred Ludwig
- Wolfgang W. SchmahlWolfgang W. SchmahlApplied Crystallography and Materials Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80333 München, GermanyMore by Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Abstract
Ti–Ta thin films exhibit properties that are of interest for applications as microactuators and as biomedical implants. A Ti–Ta thin film materials library was deposited at T = 25 °C by magnetron sputtering employing the combinatorial approach, which led to a compositional range of Ti87Ta13 to Ti14Ta86. Subsequent high-throughput characterization methods permitted a quick and comprehensive study of the crystallographic, microstructural, and morphological properties, which strongly depend on the chemical composition. SEM investigation revealed a columnar morphology having pyramidal, sharp tips with coarser columns in the Ti-rich and finer columns in the Ta-rich region. By grazing incidence X-ray diffraction four phases were identified, from Ta-lean to Ta-rich: ω phase, α″ martensite, β phase, and a tetragonal Ta-rich phase (Ta(tetr)). The crystal structure and microstructure were analyzed by Rietveld refinement and clear trends could be determined as a function of Ta-content. The lattice correspondences between β as the parent phase and α″ and ω as derivative phases were expressed in matrix form. The β ⇌ α″ phase transition shows a discontinuity at the composition where the martensitic transformation temperatures fall below room temperature (between 34 and 38 at. % Ta) rendering it first order and confirming its martensitic nature. A short study of the α″ martensite employing the Landau theory is included for a mathematical quantification of the spontaneous lattice strain at room temperature (ϵ̂max = 22.4(6) % for pure Ti). Martensitic properties of Ti–Ta are beneficial for the development of high-temperature actuators with actuation response at transformation temperatures higher than 100 °C.
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