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Characterization of Sequentially Extracted Soil Organic Matter by Electrospray Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
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    Characterization of Sequentially Extracted Soil Organic Matter by Electrospray Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
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    • Yinghui Wang
      Yinghui Wang
      State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
      State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
      More by Yinghui Wang
    • Yina Liu
      Yina Liu
      Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
      Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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    • Rosalie K Chu
      Rosalie K Chu
      Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
    • Richard D Bowden
      Richard D Bowden
      Department of Environmental Science and Sustainability, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania 16335, United States
    • Kate Lajtha
      Kate Lajtha
      College of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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    • Myrna J. Simpson
      Myrna J. Simpson
      Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
    • Junjian Wang*
      Junjian Wang
      State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
      *Email: [email protected]
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    ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

    Cite this: ACS Earth Space Chem. 2022, 6, 9, 2142–2148
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00180
    Published August 15, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex mixture of small molecules and biopolymers that are active in various biogeochemical processes. However, the chemical diversity of biopolymer-derived SOM remains poorly explored. Identifying this diversity is important because global environmental changes may well alter SOM chemistry, as field experiments are beginning to show. Here, organic solvent-extractable (DcMe-SOM), base-hydrolyzable (KOHHy-SOM), and CuO-oxidizable (CuOOx-SOM) SOM fractions from a forest with a long-term nitrogen addition experiment were sequentially extracted and characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) or atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). From DcMe-SOM to CuOOx-SOM, the total number of assigned formulas, average O/C ratio, aromaticity, and unsaturation degree of SOM continuously increased, while the average m/z and H/C ratio decreased. Moreover, the dominant chemical category shifted from lipid-like components to phytochemical- and protein-like components. Complementary to ESI, APPI effectively facilitated detection of additional compounds with low polarity. With long-term nitrogen addition, the average m/z, unsaturation degree, aromaticity, and oxidation state of SOM increased, and more aromatic nitrogen-containing formulas were detected in CuOOx-SOM. Our study demonstrates that chronic nitrogen deposition in forests alters both the small molecules and biopolymers of SOM fundamentally.

    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00180.

    • Detailed methods of sequential extraction and the classifications for biochemical groups (Text S1 and S2), high repeatability of the replicate samples (Table S1), molecular characterization of the specific nitrogen- and sulfur-containing formulas (Table S2), and extended properties of the molecular composition and characteristics of SOM (Figures S1–S7) (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 3 publications.

    1. Matheus Sampaio Carneiro Barreto, Rucha P. Wani, Aleksandar I. Goranov, Tyler D. Sowers, Matthew Fischel, Thomas Alexander Douglas, Patrick G. Hatcher, Donald L. Sparks. Carbon Fate, Iron Dissolution, and Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Thawed Yedoma Permafrost under Varying Redox Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 2024, 58 (9) , 4155-4166. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c08219
    2. Libin Wu, Ming Sheng, Xiaodong Liu, Zhangqin Zheng, Steven D. Emslie, Ning Yang, Xueying Wang, Yaguang Nie, Jing Jin, Qiaorong Xie, Shuang Chen, Donghuan Zhang, Sihui Su, Shujun Zhong, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Jialei Zhu, Yulin Qi, Cong-Qiang Liu, Pingqing Fu. Molecular transformation of organic nitrogen in Antarctic penguin guano-affected soil. Environment International 2023, 172 , 107796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107796
    3. Guoxiang Niu, Gege Yin, Xiaohan Mo, Qinggong Mao, Jiangming Mo, Junjian Wang, Xiankai Lu. Do long-term high nitrogen inputs change the composition of soil dissolved organic matter in a primary tropical forest?. Environmental Research Letters 2022, 17 (9) , 095015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac8e87

    ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

    Cite this: ACS Earth Space Chem. 2022, 6, 9, 2142–2148
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00180
    Published August 15, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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