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Mechanical Reliability of Fullerene/Tin Oxide Interfaces in Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Cells
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    Letter

    Mechanical Reliability of Fullerene/Tin Oxide Interfaces in Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Cells
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    • Michele De Bastiani*
      Michele De Bastiani
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
      *[email protected]
    • Giovanni Armaroli
      Giovanni Armaroli
      Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
    • Rawan Jalmood
      Rawan Jalmood
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Laura Ferlauto
      Laura Ferlauto
      Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
      Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research of the University of Bologna (CIRI-MAM), Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
    • Xiaole Li
      Xiaole Li
      King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Lab., Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      More by Xiaole Li
    • Ran Tao
      Ran Tao
      King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Lab., Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
      More by Ran Tao
    • George T. Harrison
      George T. Harrison
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Mathan K. Eswaran
      Mathan K. Eswaran
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Randi Azmi
      Randi Azmi
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
      More by Randi Azmi
    • Maxime Babics
      Maxime Babics
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Anand S. Subbiah
      Anand S. Subbiah
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Erkan Aydin
      Erkan Aydin
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
      More by Erkan Aydin
    • Thomas G. Allen
      Thomas G. Allen
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Craig Combe
      Craig Combe
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
      More by Craig Combe
    • Tobias Cramer
      Tobias Cramer
      Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
    • Derya Baran
      Derya Baran
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
      More by Derya Baran
    • Udo Schwingenschlögl
      Udo Schwingenschlögl
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Gilles Lubineau
      Gilles Lubineau
      King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Lab., Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
    • Daniela Cavalcoli
      Daniela Cavalcoli
      Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
    • Stefaan De Wolf*
      Stefaan De Wolf
      KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
      *[email protected]
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (2)

    ACS Energy Letters

    Cite this: ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 2, 827–833
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02148
    Published January 25, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Abstract Image

    High-efficiency perovskite-based solar cells comprise sophisticated stacks of materials which, however, often feature different thermal expansion coefficients and are only weakly bonded at their interfaces. This may raise concerns over delamination in such devices, jeopardizing their long-term stability and commercial viability. Here, we investigate the root causes of catastrophic top-contact delamination we observed in state-of-the-art p-i-n perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. By combining macroscopic and microscopic analyses, we identify the interface between the fullerene electron transport layer and the tin oxide buffer layer at the origin of such delamination. Specifically, we find that the perovskite morphology and its roughness play a significant role in the microscopic adhesion of the top layers, as well as the film processing conditions, particularly the deposition temperature and the sputtering power. Our findings mandate the search for new interfacial linking strategies to enable mechanically strong perovskite-based solar cells, as required for commercialization.

    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02148.

    • Experimental section; peeling of the top electrode; XPS spectra after the peeling of the electrode; morphology and KPFM maps; work function comparison; DFT calculations; work of adhesion calibration and stick-and-slip behavior; effect of temperature on the delamination; statistic distribution of the work of adhesion as a function of the IZO sputtering power (PDF)

    • Video showing the 180° stick-and-slip behavior (MP4)

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    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    This article is cited by 13 publications.

    1. Shanshan Zhang, Jiantao Wang, Nikhil Kalasariya, Pia Dally, Caner Deger, Ilhan Yavuz, Arsalan Razzaq, Badri Vishal, Adi Prasetio, Drajad Satrio Utomo, Orestis Karalis, Hannes Hempel, Vladyslav Hnapovskyi, Qing Liu, Maxime Babics, Ahmed Ali Said, Anil Pininti, Martin Stolterfoht, Stefaan De Wolf. Mitigating Buried-Interface Energy Losses through Multifunctional Ligands in n–i–p Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. ACS Energy Letters 2024, 9 (9) , 4633-4644. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01841
    2. Drajad S. Utomo, Lauryna M. Svirskaite, Adi Prasetio, Vida Malinauskiene, Pia Dally, Erkan Aydin, Artem Musiienko, Vytautas Getautis, Tadas Malinauskas, Randi Azmi, Stefaan De Wolf. Nonfullerene Self-Assembled Monolayers As Electron-Selective Contacts for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Energy Letters 2024, 9 (4) , 1682-1692. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00306
    3. Shuaifeng Hu, Jarla Thiesbrummel, Jorge Pascual, Martin Stolterfoht, Atsushi Wakamiya, Henry J. Snaith. Narrow Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites for All-Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics. Chemical Reviews 2024, 124 (7) , 4079-4123. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00667
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    5. Jonas Kern, Johannes Heitmann, Matthias Müller. Importance of the Buffer Layer Properties for the Performance of Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2023, 6 (4) , 2199-2206. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c03288
    6. Bingbing Chen, Pengyang Wang, Renjie Li, Ningyu Ren, Wei Han, Zhao Zhu, Jin Wang, Sanlong Wang, Biao Shi, Jingjing Liu, Pengfei Liu, Qian Huang, Shengzhi Xu, Ying Zhao, Xiaodan Zhang. A Two-Step Solution-Processed Wide-Bandgap Perovskite for Monolithic Silicon-Based Tandem Solar Cells with >27% Efficiency. ACS Energy Letters 2022, 7 (8) , 2771-2780. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01488
    7. Tahta Amrillah, Adi Prasetio, Abdul Rohman Supandi, David Hadid Sidiq, Fajar Sukamto Putra, Muhammad Adi Nugroho, Zahra Salsabilla, Randi Azmi. Environment-friendly copper-based chalcogenide thin film solar cells: status and perspectives. Materials Horizons 2023, 10 (2) , 313-339. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MH00983H
    8. Furkan H. Isikgor, Shynggys Zhumagali, Luis V. T. Merino, Michele De Bastiani, Iain McCulloch, Stefaan De Wolf. Molecular engineering of contact interfaces for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Nature Reviews Materials 2023, 8 (2) , 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-022-00503-3
    9. Leiping Duan, Daniel Walter, Nathan Chang, James Bullock, Di Kang, Sieu Pheng Phang, Klaus Weber, Thomas White, Daniel Macdonald, Kylie Catchpole, Heping Shen. Stability challenges for the commercialization of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells. Nature Reviews Materials 2023, 120 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-022-00521-1
    10. Jiafan Zhang, Linfeng Lu, Juan Zhang, Sha Li, Xiaoming Hua, Xiangrong Zhu, Yi-An Ding, Yinyue Lin, Shan-Ting Zhang, Dongdong Li. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with optimized front zinc doped indium oxides and industrial textured silicon heterojunction solar cells. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2023, 932 , 167640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167640
    11. Deyi Zhang, Daiyu Li, Yue Hu, Anyi Mei, Hongwei Han. Degradation pathways in perovskite solar cells and how to meet international standards. Communications Materials 2022, 3 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-022-00281-z
    12. Kassio P. S. Zanoni, Abhyuday Paliwal, M Angeles Hernández‐Fenollosa, Pierre‐Alexis Repecaud, Monica Morales‐Masis, Henk J. Bolink. ITO Top‐Electrodes via Industrial‐Scale PLD for Efficient Buffer‐Layer‐Free Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Materials Technologies 2022, 7 (10) , 2101747. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101747
    13. Lujia Xu, Jiang Liu, Wei Luo, Nimer Wehbe, Akmaral Seitkhan, Maxime Babics, Jingxuan Kang, Michele De Bastiani, Erkan Aydin, Thomas G. Allen, Mohammed Alamer, Wenbo Yan, Fuzong Xu, Atteq Ur Rehman, Stefaan De Wolf. Potential-induced degradation in perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaic modules. Cell Reports Physical Science 2022, 3 (9) , 101026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101026

    ACS Energy Letters

    Cite this: ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 2, 827–833
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02148
    Published January 25, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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