Conjugation to Enterobactin and Salmochelin S4 Enhances the Antimicrobial Activity and Selectivity of β-Lactam Antibiotics against Nontyphoidal SalmonellaClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Artur SargunArtur SargunDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United StatesMore by Artur Sargun
- Martina Sassone-CorsiMartina Sassone-CorsiDepartment of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United StatesMore by Martina Sassone-Corsi
- Tengfei ZhengTengfei ZhengDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United StatesMore by Tengfei Zheng
- Manuela Raffatellu*Manuela Raffatellu*Email: [email protected]Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United StatesDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United StatesCenter for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United StatesChiba University − UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines, La Jolla, California 92093, United StatesMore by Manuela Raffatellu
- Elizabeth M. Nolan*Elizabeth M. Nolan*Email: [email protected]. Phone: 617-452-2495.Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United StatesMore by Elizabeth M. Nolan
Abstract

The pathogen Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of infection worldwide. Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars typically cause inflammatory diarrhea in healthy individuals, and can cause bacteremia in immunocompromised patients, children, and the elderly. Management of NTS infection poses a challenge because antibiotic treatment prolongs fecal shedding of the pathogen and is thus not recommended for most patients. In recent years, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in NTS has also become a major issue. Thus, new therapeutic strategies to target NTS are needed. Here, we evaluated whether six siderophore-β-lactam conjugates based on enterobactin (Ent) and salmochelin S4 (digulcosylated Ent, DGE) provide antimicrobial activity against the two highly prevalent NTS serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis by targeting the siderophore receptors FepA and/or IroN. The conjugates showed 10- to 1000-fold lower minimum inhibitory concentrations against both serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis compared to the parent antibiotics under iron limitation and were recognized and transported by FepA and/or IroN. NTS treated with the Ent/DGE-β-lactam conjugates exhibited aberrant cellular morphologies suggesting inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins, and the conjugates selectively killed NTS in coculture with Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, the DGE-based conjugates proved to be effective at inhibiting growth of NTS in the presence of the Ent-sequestering protein lipocalin-2. This work describes the successful use of siderophore-antibiotic conjugates against NTS and highlights the opportunity for narrowing the activity spectrum of antibiotics by using Ent and DGE to target enteric bacterial pathogens.
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