Primary, Recall, and Decay Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Antibody ResponsesClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- F. Javier IbarrondoF. Javier IbarrondoDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by F. Javier Ibarrondo
- Christian HofmannChristian HofmannDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Christian Hofmann
- Jennifer A. FulcherJennifer A. FulcherDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Jennifer A. Fulcher
- David Goodman-MezaDavid Goodman-MezaDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by David Goodman-Meza
- William MuWilliam MuDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by William Mu
- Mary Ann HausnerMary Ann HausnerDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Mary Ann Hausner
- Ayub AliAyub AliDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Ayub Ali
- Arumugam BalamuruganArumugam BalamuruganDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Arumugam Balamurugan
- Ellie TausEllie TausDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Ellie Taus
- Julie ElliottJulie ElliottDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Julie Elliott
- Paul KrogstadPaul KrogstadDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Paul Krogstad
- Nicole H. TobinNicole H. TobinDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Nicole H. Tobin
- Kathie G. FerbasKathie G. FerbasDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Kathie G. Ferbas
- Scott G. KitchenScott G. KitchenDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Scott G. Kitchen
- Grace M. AldrovandiGrace M. AldrovandiDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Grace M. Aldrovandi
- Anne W. RimoinAnne W. RimoinDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesFielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Anne W. Rimoin
- Otto O. Yang*Otto O. Yang*Phone: 310-794-9491. Fax: 310-983-1067. Email: [email protected]Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United StatesMore by Otto O. Yang
Abstract

Studies of two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines suggested that they yield ∼95% protection from symptomatic infection at least short-term, but important clinical questions remain. It is unclear how vaccine-induced antibody levels quantitatively compare to the wide spectrum induced by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine response kinetics and magnitudes in persons with prior COVID-19 compared to virus-naı̈ve persons are not well-defined. The relative stability of vaccine-induced versus infection-induced antibody levels is unclear. We addressed these issues with longitudinal assessments of vaccinees with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of anti-RBD antibodies. SARS-CoV-2-naı̈ve individuals achieved levels similar to mild natural infection after the first vaccination; a second dose generated levels approaching severe natural infection. In persons with prior COVID-19, one dose boosted levels to the high end of severe natural infection even in those who never had robust responses from infection, increasing no further after the second dose. Antiviral neutralizing assessments using a spike-pseudovirus assay revealed that virus-naı̈ve vaccinees did not develop physiologic neutralizing potency until the second dose, while previously infected persons exhibited maximal neutralization after one dose. Finally, antibodies from vaccination waned similarly to natural infection, resulting in an average of ∼90% loss within 90 days. In summary, our findings suggest that two doses are important for quantity and quality of humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2-naı̈ve persons, while a single dose has maximal effects in those with past infection. Antibodies from vaccination wane with kinetics very similar to that seen after mild natural infection; booster vaccinations will likely be required.
Cited By
Smart citations by scite.ai include citation statements extracted from the full text of the citing article. The number of the statements may be higher than the number of citations provided by ACS Publications if one paper cites another multiple times or lower if scite has not yet processed some of the citing articles.
This article is cited by 52 publications.
- Morgan Chandler, Brittany Johnson, Emil Khisamutdinov, Marina A. Dobrovolskaia, Joanna Sztuba-Solinska, Aliasger K. Salem, Koen Breyne, Roger Chammas, Nils G. Walter, Lydia M. Contreras, Peixuan Guo, Kirill A. Afonin. The International Society of RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (ISRNN): The Present and Future of the Burgeoning Field. ACS Nano 2021, 15
(11)
, 16957-16973. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c10240
- Wolfgang J. Parak, (Associate Editor)Tanja Weil, (Editorial Advisory Board and Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society)Paul S. Weiss (Editor-in-Chief). A Virtual Issue on Nanomedicine. ACS Nano 2021, 15
(10)
, 15397-15401. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c09106
- Paul S. Weiss (Editor-in-Chief). Touting the Growing Contributions of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2021, 15
(7)
, 10737-10738. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c05996
- Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo, Dimitar Sajkov, Bruce Wauchope, Joseph V. Turner, Brendan Vote, Anna Antipov, Greiciely André, Yuri Lebedin, Nikolai Petrovsky. Immunogenicity and safety study of a single dose of SpikoGen® vaccine as a heterologous or homologous intramuscular booster following a primary course of mRNA, adenoviral vector or recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in ambulatory adults. Vaccine 2025, 49 , 126744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126744
- Muhammad Liaquat Raza, Mustafa Hussain Imam, Warisha Zehra, Subia Jamil. Neuro-inflammatory pathways in COVID-19-induced central nervous system injury: Implications for prevention and treatment strategies. Experimental Neurology 2024, 382 , 114984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114984
- Sayeh Ezzikouri, Raji Tajudeen, Hind Majidi, Soad Redwane, Safaa Aqillouch, Mohammed Abdulaziz, Merawi Aragaw, Mosoka Papa Fallah, Senga Sembuche, Serge Batcho, Patrick Kabwe, Elizabeth Gonese, Oumaima Laazaazia, Mohcine Elmessaoudi-Idrissi, Nadia Meziane, Abdelhakim Ainahi, M’hammed Sarih, Ahmed E. Ogwell Ouma, Abderrahmane Maaroufi. Seroepidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness and associated factors in the vaccinated community of the Casablanca-Settat Region, Morocco. Scientific Reports 2024, 14
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58498-6
- Jing Wang, Shuangshuang Ni, QianQian Chen, Chenchen Wang, Hao Liu, Lina Huang, Muhammad Waqas Nasir, Wei Wang, Xiangyu Zhang, Jianjun Wu, Zhirong Liu, Jiabing Wu, Liangmin Zhang, Yong Gao. Discovery of a Novel Public Antibody Lineage Correlated With Inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccine and the Resultant Neutralization Activity. Journal of Medical Virology 2024, 96
(12)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70073
- Rino Rappuoli, Galit Alter, Bali Pulendran. Transforming vaccinology. Cell 2024, 187
(19)
, 5171-5194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.021
- Chun Yiu Jordan Fung, Mackenzie Scott, Jordan Lerner-Ellis, Jennifer Taher. Applications of SARS-CoV-2 serological testing: impact of test performance, sample matrices, and patient characteristics. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 2024, 61
(1)
, 70-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2023.2254390
- Jing Wang, Shuangshuang Ni, Qianqian Chen, Chenchen Wang, Hao Liu, Lina Huang, Muhammad Waqas Nasir, Wei Wang, Xiangyu Zhang, Jianjun Wu, Zhirong Liu, Jiabing Wu, Liangmin Zhang, Yong Gao. Discovery of a Novel Public Antibody Lineage Correlated with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and the Resultant Neutralization Activity. 2024https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4758354
- Xirong Wang, Shulin Shao, Huan Ye, Sen Li, Bing Gu, Bo Tang. Development of a quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay strip for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Scientific Reports 2023, 13
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49244-5
- Jordan M. Bailey, Ling Wang, Jennifer M. McDonald, Jennifer S. Gray, Joshua G. Petrie, Emily T. Martin, David A. Savitz, Timothy A. Karrer, Keri A. Fisher, Matthew J. Geiger, Elizabeth A. Wasilevich. Immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in a population with a history of elevated exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through drinking water. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2023, 33
(5)
, 725-736. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-023-00564-8
- Carla Daniela Barrientos Alvarado, Cecilia Zini, Cesar Juan Gerardo Collino. Quantification of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 on the staff of the Rawson Hospital, Córdoba Province, Argentina. Revista Bioquímica y Patología Clínica 2023, 87
(3)
, 52-59. https://doi.org/10.62073/bypc.v87i3.246
- Raj S. Patel, Babita Agrawal. Mucosal immunization with lipopeptides derived from conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 antigens induce robust cellular and cross-variant humoral immune responses in mice. Frontiers in Immunology 2023, 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178523
- Meagan M. Jenkins, Donna Phan Tran, Evelyn A. Flores, Deborah Kupferwasser, Harry Pickering, Ying Zheng, David W. Gjertson, Ted M. Ross, Joanna M. Schaenman, Loren G. Miller, Michael R. Yeaman, Elaine F. Reed. Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in the LA-SPARTA cohort reveals increased risk of infection in vaccinated Hispanic participants. Frontiers in Immunology 2023, 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139915
- Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Fernandes, Germana Silva Vasconcelos, Amanda Campelo Lima de Melo, Tamires Cardoso Matsui, Ludmilla Freire Caetano, Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo, Marcela Helena Gambim Fonseca. Influence of age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-existing diseases in antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination: A review. Molecular Immunology 2023, 156 , 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.007
- Madison Stoddard, Lin Yuan, Sharanya Sarkar, Shruthi Mangalaganesh, Ryan Nolan, Dean Bottino, Greg Hather, Natasha Hochberg, Laura White, Arijit Chakravarty. Heterogeneity in Vaccinal Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Can Be Addressed by a Personalized Booster Strategy. Vaccines 2023, 11
(4)
, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040806
- Madison Stoddard, Lin Yuan, Sharanya Sarkar, Debra Van Egeren, Laura F. White, Arijit Chakravarty. The gray swan: model-based assessment of the risk of sudden failure of hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2. 2023https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.26.23286471
- Ai Phuong Tran, D.F Tassone, N S Ding, Johannes Nossent. Antibody response to the COVID-19 ChAdOx1nCov-19 and BNT162b vaccines after temporary suspension of DMARD therapy in immune-mediated inflammatory disease: an extension study (RESCUE 2). RMD Open 2023, 9
(1)
, e002871. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002871
- José L. Casado, Pilar Vizcarra, Adrián Martín-Hondarza, Magdalena Blasco, Marta Grandal-Platero, Johannes Haemmerle, Marina Fernández-Escribano, Alejandro Vallejo. Impact of Previous Common Human Coronavirus Exposure on SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell and Memory B-Cell Response after mRNA-Based Vaccination. Viruses 2023, 15
(3)
, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030627
- Giuseppe A. Palumbo, Daniela Cambria, Enrico La Spina, Andrea Duminuco, Antonio Laneri, Anna Longo, Calogero Vetro, Sebastiano Giallongo, Alessandra Romano, Francesco Di Raimondo, Daniele Tibullo, Cesarina Giallongo. Ruxolitinib treatment in myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera causes suboptimal humoral immune response following standard and booster vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Frontiers in Oncology 2023, 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1117815
- Ellie Taus, Christian Hofmann, F. Javier Ibarrondo, Laura S. Gong, Mary Ann Hausner, Jennifer A. Fulcher, Paul Krogstad, Scott G. Kitchen, Kathie G. Ferbas, Nicole H. Tobin, Anne W. Rimoin, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Otto O. Yang. Persistent memory despite rapid contraction of circulating T Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Frontiers in Immunology 2023, 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100594
- Jeffrey P. Townsend, Hayley B. Hassler, Alex Dornburg. Infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 with alternate frequencies of mRNA vaccine boosting. Journal of Medical Virology 2023, 95
(2)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28461
- Ileana García-Silva, Dania O Govea-Alonso, Sergio Rosales-Mendoza. Current status of mucosal vaccines against SARS-CoV2: a hope for protective immunity. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2023, 23
(2)
, 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2022.2156284
- Sebastian Slomka, Patrycja Zieba, Oskar Rosiak, Anna Piekarska. Assessment of Reactivity to the Administration of the mRNA Vaccine after Six Months of Observation. Vaccines 2023, 11
(2)
, 366. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020366
- Madison Stoddard, Lin Yuan, Sharanya Sarkar, Debra van Egeren, Shruthi Mangalaganesh, Ryan P. Nolan, Michael S. Rogers, Greg Hather, Laura F. White, Arijit Chakravarty. The impact of vaccination frequency on COVID-19 public health outcomes: A model-based analysis. 2023https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.26.23285076
- Catherine Albright, Debra Van Egeren, Aditya Thakur, Arijit Chakravarty, Laura F. White, Madison Stoddard. Antibody escape, the risk of serotype formation, and rapid immune waning: modeling the implications of SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion. 2023https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.25.23285031
- Madison Stoddard, Lin Yuan, Sharanya Sarkar, Matthew Mazewski, Debra van Egeren, Shruthi Mangalaganesh, Ryan P. Nolan, Michael S. Rogers, Greg Hather, Laura F. White, Arijit Chakravarty. Shielding under endemic SARS-CoV-2 conditions is easier said than done: a model-based analysis. 2023https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.22.23284884
- Emily A. Voigt, Alana Gerhardt, Derek Hanson, Madeleine F. Jennewein, Peter Battisti, Sierra Reed, Jasneet Singh, Raodoh Mohamath, Julie Bakken, Samuel Beaver, Christopher Press, Patrick Soon-Shiong, Christopher J. Paddon, Christopher B. Fox, Corey Casper. A self-amplifying RNA vaccine against COVID-19 with long-term room-temperature stability. npj Vaccines 2022, 7
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00549-y
- Bruna Lo Sasso, Luisa Agnello, Rosaria Vincenza Giglio, Caterina Maria Gambino, Anna Maria Ciaccio, Matteo Vidali, Marcello Ciaccio. Longitudinal analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG antibodies before and after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Scientific Reports 2022, 12
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12750-z
- Zirui Niu, Giordano Scarciotti. Ranking the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions to counter COVID-19 in UK universities with vaccinated population. Scientific Reports 2022, 12
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16532-5
- Manjula Gunawardana, Simon Webster, Sofia Rivera, John M. Cortez, Jessica Breslin, Cristian Pinales, Christopher Buser, F. Javier Ibarrondo, Otto O. Yang, Michael Bobardt, Philippe A. Gallay, Amy P. Adler, Christina M. Ramirez, Peter A. Anton, Marc M. Baum. Early SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and immune responses in unvaccinated participants of an intensely sampled longitudinal surveillance study. Communications Medicine 2022, 2
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-022-00195-4
- Gabriel Siracusano, Alessandra Ruggiero, Zeno Bisoffi, Chiara Piubelli, Luca Dalle Carbonare, Maria Teresa Valenti, Martin Mayora-Neto, Nigel Temperton, Lucia Lopalco, Donato Zipeto. Different decay of antibody response and VOC sensitivity in naïve and previously infected subjects at 15 weeks following vaccination with BNT162b2. Journal of Translational Medicine 2022, 20
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-03208-3
- Julia Feige, Klaus Berek, Michael Seiberl, Patrick Hilpold, Wolfgang Hitzl, Franziska Di Pauli, Harald Hegen, Florian Deisenhammer, Eugen Trinka, Andrea Harrer, Peter Wipfler, Tobias Moser. Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 Antigen in Patients Treated with Monoclonal Anti-CD20 Antibodies: It Is Not All about B Cell Recovery. Neurology International 2022, 14
(4)
, 943-951. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14040075
- Madeleine F. Jennewein, Michael D. Schultz, Samuel Beaver, Peter Battisti, Julie Bakken, Derek Hanson, Jobaida Akther, Fen Zhou, Raodoh Mohamath, Jasneet Singh, Noah Cross, Darshan N. Kasal, Matthew Ykema, Sierra Reed, Davies Kalange, Isabella R. Cheatwood, Jennifer L. Tipper, Jeremy B. Foote, R. Glenn King, Aaron Silva-Sanchez, Kevin S. Harrod, Davide Botta, Alana Gerhardt, Corey Casper, Troy D. Randall, Frances E. Lund, Emily A. Voigt. Intranasal self-amplifying RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produces protective respiratory and systemic immunity and prevents viral transmission. 2022https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.10.515993
- Payam Tabarsi, Nassim Anjidani, Ramin Shahpari, Khashayar Roshanzamir, Newsha Fallah, Greiciely Andre, Nikolai Petrovsky, Saghar Barati. Immunogenicity and safety of SpikoGen®, an adjuvanted recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein vaccine as a homologous and heterologous booster vaccination: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Immunology 2022, 167
(3)
, 340-353. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13540
- Haoyang Tong, Chaoyu Cao, Minli You, Shuang Han, Zhe Liu, Ying Xiao, Wanghong He, Chang Liu, Ping Peng, Zhenrui Xue, Yan Gong, Chunyan Yao, Feng Xu. Artificial intelligence-assisted colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay for sensitive and quantitative detection of COVID-19 neutralizing antibody. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2022, 213 , 114449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.114449
- Dania O. Govea-Alonso, Ashwini Malla, Omayra C. Bolaños-Martínez, Sornkanok Vimolmangkang, Sergio Rosales-Mendoza. An Algae-Made RBD from SARS-CoV-2 Is Immunogenic in Mice. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15
(10)
, 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101298
- Eliete Neves Silva Guerra, Vitória Tavares de Castro, Juliana Amorim dos Santos, Ana Carolina Acevedo, Hélène Chardin. Saliva is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection after vaccination: A rapid systematic review. Frontiers in Immunology 2022, 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006040
- Adam V. Wisnewski, Linda Cantley, Julian Campillo Luna, Jian Liu, Richard F. Smith, Kelly Hager, Carrie A. Redlich. Changes Over Time in COVID-19 Incidence, Vaccinations, Serum Spike IgG, and Viral Neutralizing Potential Among Individuals From a North American Gaming Venue. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 2022, 64
(9)
, 788-796. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002617
- Madison Stoddard, Lin Yuan, Sharanya Sarkar, Shruthi Mangalaganesh, Ryan P. Nolan, Dean Bottino, Greg Hather, Natasha S. Hochberg, Laura F. White, Arijit Chakravarty. Heterogeneity in vaccinal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 can be addressed by a personalized booster strategy. 2022https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.30.22279397
- Wei-Chun Chen, Yen-Pin Lin, Chao-Min Cheng, Ching-Fen Shen, Alex Ching, Ting-Chang Chang, Ching-Ju Shen. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Variants in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates under Antenatal Vaccination with Moderna (mRNA-1273) Vaccine. Vaccines 2022, 10
(9)
, 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091415
- Jeffrey P. Townsend, Hayley B. Hassler, Pratha Sah, Alison P. Galvani, Alex Dornburg. The durability of natural infection and vaccine-induced immunity against future infection by SARS-CoV-2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2022, 119
(31)
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2204336119
- Rudy Foddis, Riccardo Marino, Roberto Silvestri, Poupak Fallahi, Salvio Perretta, Christian Garaffa, Riccardo Morganti, Martina Corsi, Jonathan Mennucci, Francesco Porciatti, Gianluca Nerli, Rodolfo Buselli, Antonello Veltri, Fabrizio Caldi, Giovanni Guglielmi, Grazia Luchini, Silvia Briani, Donatella Talini, Francesco Cipriani. Evaluation of the Anti-Spike (RDB) IgG Titer among Workers Employed at the University of Pisa Vaccinated with Different Types of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. Vaccines 2022, 10
(8)
, 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081244
- Naotoshi Nakamura, Hyeongki Park, Kwang Su Kim, Yoshitaka Sato, Yong Dam Jeong, Shoya Iwanami, Yasuhisa Fujita, Tianchen Zhao, Yuta Tani, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Chika Yamamoto, Yurie Kobashi, Takeshi Kawamura, Akira Sugiyama, Aya Nakayama, Yudai Kaneko, Kazuyuki Aihara, Shingo Iwami, Masaharu Tsubokura. A personalized antibody score for predicting individual COVID-19 vaccine-elicited antibody levels from basic demographic and health information. 2022https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.05.22277283
- Anna Sabrina Kuechler, Sandra Weinhold, Fritz Boege, Ortwin Adams, Lisa Müller, Florian Babor, Sabrina B. Bennstein, T.-X. Uyen Pham, Maryam Hejazi, Sarah B. Reusing, Derik Hermsen, Markus Uhrberg, Karin Schulze-Bosse. A Diagnostic Strategy for Gauging Individual Humoral Ex Vivo Immune Responsiveness Following COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines 2022, 10
(7)
, 1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071044
- Manca Ogrič, Polona Žigon, Eva Podovšovnik, Katja Lakota, Snezna Sodin-Semrl, Žiga Rotar, Saša Čučnik. Differences in SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses After the First, Second, and Third Doses of BNT162b2 in Naïve and Previously Infected Individuals: A 1-Year Observational Study in Healthcare Professionals. Frontiers in Immunology 2022, 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.876533
- Sushila Kataria, Pooja Sharma, Manish Kumar Singh, Vikas Deswal, Kuldeep Kumar, Sazid Alam, Vaibhav Gupta, Rashmi Phogat, Smita Sarma, Nipun Patil, Rohit Dutt, Padam Singh, Renu Saxena, Naresh Trehan. Safety, immunogenicity & effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2022, 155
(5&6)
, 518-525. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1771_21
- Alex Dulovic, Monika Strengert, Gema Morillas Ramos, Matthias Becker, Johanna Griesbaum, Daniel Junker, Karsten Lürken, Andrea Beigel, Eike Wrenger, Gerhard Lonnemann, Anne Cossmann, Metodi V. Stankov, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Philipp D. Kaiser, Bjoern Traenkle, Ulrich Rothbauer, Gérard Krause, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Georg M.N. Behrens. Diminishing Immune Responses against Variants of Concern in Dialysis Patients 4 Months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2022, 28
(4)
, 743-750. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2804.211907
- Emily A. Voigt, Alana Gerhardt, Derek Hanson, Peter Battisti, Sierra Reed, Jasneet Singh, Raodoh Mohamath, Madeleine F. Jennewein, Julie Bakken, Samuel Beaver, Christopher Press, Patrick Soon-Shiong, Christopher J. Paddon, Christopher B. Fox, Corey Casper. A self-amplifying RNA vaccine against COVID-19 with long-term room-temperature stability. 2022https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.22.485230
- Alessandra Ruggiero, Chiara Piubelli, Lucia Calciano, Simone Accordini, Maria Teresa Valenti, Luca Dalle Carbonare, Gabriel Siracusano, Nigel Temperton, Natalia Tiberti, Silvia Stefania Longoni, Massimo Pizzato, Silvia Accordini, Tobia Fantoni, Lucia Lopalco, Alberto Beretta, Zeno Bisoffi, Donato Zipeto. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits unconventional IgM specific responses in naïve and previously COVID-19-infected individuals. eBioMedicine 2022, 77 , 103888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103888
- Tobias Moser, Ferdinand Otto, Ciara O'Sullivan, Wolfgang Hitzl, Georg Pilz, Andrea Harrer, Eugen Trinka, Peter Wipfler. Recall response to COVID-19 antigen is preserved in people with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 medications – A pilot study. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 2022, 59 , 103560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.103560
- Waleed H. Mahallawi, Mohamed H. Fakher, Mohammad A. Alsarani, Rami H. Aljohani, Salah A. AL-Mutabgani, Nadir A. Ibrahim. A Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Primes a Strong Humoral Immune Response in COVID-19–Recovered Patients. Viral Immunology 2022, 35
(2)
, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2021.0108
- Ellie Taus, Christian Hofmann, Francisco Javier Ibarrondo, Mary Ann Hausner, Jennifer A. Fulcher, Paul Krogstad, Kathie G. Ferbas, Nicole H. Tobin, Anne W. Rimoin, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Otto O. Yang. Dominant CD8+ T Cell Nucleocapsid Targeting in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Broad Spike Targeting From Vaccination. Frontiers in Immunology 2022, 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.835830
- Marc F. Österdahl, Eleni Christakou, Deborah Hart, Ffion Harris, Yasaman Shahrabi, Emily Pollock, Muntaha Wadud, Tim D. Spector, Matthew A. Brown, Jeffrey Seow, Michael H. Malim, Claire J. Steves, Katie J. Doores, Emma L Duncan, Timothy Tree. Concordance of B and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. 2022https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.03.22270393
- Eiichi Gohda, . Effectiveness of and Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines and Their Mechanisms. Journal of Disaster Research 2022, 17
(1)
, 7-20. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0007
- Francesco Marchesi, Fulvia Pimpinelli, Eleonora Sperandio, Elena Papa, Paolo Falcucci, Martina Pontone, Simona di Martino, Luisa de Latouliere, Giulia Orlandi, Aldo Morrone, Gennaro Ciliberto, Andrea Mengarelli, . The 12‐week kinetics of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in different haematological cancers after vaccination with BNT162b2. British Journal of Haematology 2022, 196
(2)
, 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.17821
- Francesc López, Martí Català, Clara Prats, Oriol Estrada, Irene Oliva, Núria Prat, Mar Isnard, Roser Vallès, Marc Vilar, Bonaventura Clotet, Josep Maria Argimon, Anna Aran, Jordi Ara. A Cost–Benefit Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination in Catalonia. Vaccines 2022, 10
(1)
, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010059
- F. Javier Ibarrondo, Christian Hofmann, Ayub Ali, Paul Ayoub, Donald B. Kohn, Otto O. Yang, , . Previous Infection Combined with Vaccination Produces Neutralizing Antibodies with Potency against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. mBio 2021, 12
(6)
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02656-21
- Zirui Niu, Giordano Scarciotti. Ranking the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Counter COVID-19 in UK Universities with Vaccinated Population. 2021https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.07.21266028
- Lakshmanan Suresh. Six‐month longitudinal antibody kinetics of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines. Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2021, 1
(1)
, 52-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/rai2.12005
- F. Javier Ibarrondo, Christian Hofmann, Ayub Ali, Paul Ayoub, Donald B. Kohn, Otto O. Yang. Previous Infection Combined with Vaccination Produces Neutralizing Antibodies With Potency Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. 2021https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262744
- Baoling Ying, Bradley Whitener, Laura A. VanBlargan, Ahmed O. Hassan, Swathi Shrihari, Chieh-Yu Liang, Courtney E. Karl, Samantha Mackin, Rita E. Chen, Natasha M. Kafai, Samuel H. Wilks, Derek J. Smith, Juan Manuel Carreño, Gagandeep Singh, Florian Krammer, Andrea Carfi, Sayda Elbashir, Darin K. Edwards, Larissa B. Thackray, Michael S. Diamond. Protective activity of mRNA vaccines against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 strains. 2021https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.25.457693
- Alex Dulovic, Monika Strengert, Gema Morillas Ramos, Matthias Becker, Johanna Griesbaum, Daniel Junker, Karsten Lürken, Andrea Beigel, Eike Wrenger, Gerhard Lonnemann, Anne Cossmann, Metodi V. Stankov, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Philipp D. Kaiser, Bjoern Traenkle, Ulrich Rothbauer, Gérard Krause, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Georg M.N. Behrens. Diminishing immune responses against variants of concern in dialysis patients four months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. 2021https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.16.21262115
- Julia Niessl, Takuya Sekine, Marcus Buggert. T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Seminars in Immunology 2021, 55 , 101505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2021.101505
- Lakshmanan Suresh. Update on COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmune-mediated rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology 2021, 59
(4)
, 203-205. https://doi.org/10.5114/reum.2021.108395
Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.
Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.
The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.