Rational Design of Graphene Derivatives for Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to AmmoniaClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Mandira MajumderMandira MajumderDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir 181221, IndiaMore by Mandira Majumder
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- Ivan DědekIvan DědekRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicMore by Ivan Dědek
- Andreas SchneemannAndreas SchneemannLehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, GermanyMore by Andreas Schneemann
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- Viswanatha RamaraoViswanatha RamaraoCentre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy (CIIRC) and Department of Chemistry, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Thataguni, Off Kanakpura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560082, IndiaMore by Viswanatha Ramarao
- Mysore Sridhar SantoshMysore Sridhar SantoshCentre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy (CIIRC) and Department of Chemistry, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Thataguni, Off Kanakpura Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560082, IndiaCSIR-Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Digwadih Campus, PO FRI, Dhanbad, Jharkhand 828 108, IndiaMore by Mysore Sridhar Santosh
- Ashok Kumar NanjundanAshok Kumar NanjundanCentre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, AustraliaMore by Ashok Kumar Nanjundan
- Štěpán KmentŠtěpán KmentRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicNanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicMore by Štěpán Kment
- Deepak DubalDeepak DubalCentre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, AustraliaMore by Deepak Dubal
- Michal OtyepkaMichal OtyepkaRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicIT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicMore by Michal Otyepka
- Radek Zbořil*Radek Zbořil*Email: [email protected]Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicNanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicMore by Radek Zbořil
- Kolleboyina Jayaramulu*Kolleboyina Jayaramulu*Email: [email protected]Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir 181221, IndiaRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicMore by Kolleboyina Jayaramulu
Abstract

The conversion of nitrogen to ammonia offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for producing precursors for fertilizers and efficient energy carriers. Owing to the large energy density and significant gravimetric hydrogen content, NH3 is considered an apt next-generation energy carrier and liquid fuel. However, the low conversion efficiency and slow production of ammonia through the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are currently bottlenecks, making it an unviable alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process for ammonia production. The rational design and engineering of catalysts (both photo- and electro-) represent a crucial challenge for improving the efficiency and exploiting the full capability of the NRR. In the present review, we highlight recent progress in the development of graphene-based systems and graphene derivatives as catalysts for the NRR. Initially, the history, fundamental mechanism, and importance of the NRR to produce ammonia are briefly discussed. We also outline how surface functionalization, defects, and hybrid structures (single-atom/multiatom as well as composites) affect the N2 conversion efficiency. The potential of graphene and graphene derivatives as NRR catalysts is highlighted using pertinent examples from theoretical simulations as well as machine learning based performance predictive methods. The review is concluded by identifying the crucial advantages, drawbacks, and challenges associated with principal scientific and technological breakthroughs in ambient catalytic NRR.
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