Interplay of Kinetic Limitations and Disintegration: Selective Growth of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Borophene Monolayers on Metal SubstratesClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Karim M. OmambacKarim M. OmambacFaculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyMore by Karim M. Omambac
- Marko A. KriegelMarko A. KriegelFaculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyMore by Marko A. Kriegel
- Marin PetrovićMarin PetrovićFaculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyCenter of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaMore by Marin Petrović
- Birk FinkeBirk FinkeFaculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyMore by Birk Finke
- Christian BrandChristian BrandFaculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyMore by Christian Brand
- Frank J. Meyer zu HeringdorfFrank J. Meyer zu HeringdorfFaculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyInterdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyMore by Frank J. Meyer zu Heringdorf
- Michael Horn-von Hoegen*Michael Horn-von Hoegen*Email: [email protected]Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyMore by Michael Horn-von Hoegen
Abstract
The CVD growth of bielemental 2D-materials by using molecular precursors involves complex formation kinetics taking place at the surface and sometimes also subsurface regions of the substrate. Competing microscopic processes fundamentally limit the parameter space for optimal growth of the desired material. Kinetic limitations for diffusion and nucleation cause a high density of small domains and grain boundaries. These are usually overcome by increasing the growth temperature and decreasing the growth rate. In contrast, the nature of molecular precursors with limited thermal stability can result in dissociation and preferential desorption, leading to an undesired or ill-defined composition of the 2D-material. Here we demonstrate these constraints in a combined low-energy electron diffraction and low-energy electron microscopy study by examining the selective formation of single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and borophene on Ir(111) using a borazine precursor. We derive a temperature–pressure phase diagram and apply classical nucleation theory to describe our results. By considering the competing processes, we find an optimum growth temperature for hBN of 950 °C. At lower temperatures, the hBN island density is increased, while at higher temperatures the precursor disintegrates and borophene is formed. Our results introduce an additional aspect that must be considered in any high-temperature growth of bielemental 2D-materials from single molecular precursors.
Cited By
This article is cited by 2 publications.
- Dan Sun, Xianqi Song, Linlin Liu, Chennan Song, Hanyu Liu, Quan Li, Keith Butler, Congwei Xie, Zhuhua Zhang, Yu Xie. Ab Initio Kinetic Pathway of Diborane Decomposition on Transition Metal Surfaces in Borophene Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2024, 15
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, 9668-9676. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01770
- Sherif Kamal, Insung Seo, Pantelis Bampoulis, Matteo Jugovac, Carlo Alberto Brondin, Tevfik Onur Menteş, Iva Šarić Janković, Andrey V. Matetskiy, Paolo Moras, Polina M. Sheverdyaeva, Thomas Michely, Andrea Locatelli, Yoshihiro Gohda, Marko Kralj, Marin Petrović. Unidirectional Nano-modulated Binding and Electron Scattering in Epitaxial Borophene. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2023, 15
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, 57890-57900. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c14884
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