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Ultralight, Recoverable, and High-Temperature-Resistant SiC Nanowire Aerogel

  • Lei Su
    Lei Su
    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
    More by Lei Su
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-3102
    • , 
  • Hongjie Wang*
    Hongjie Wang
    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
    *E-mail: [email protected]
    More by Hongjie Wang
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-2885
    • , 
  • Min Niu
    Min Niu
    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
    More by Min Niu
    • , 
  • Xingyu Fan
    Xingyu Fan
    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
    More by Xingyu Fan
    • , 
  • Mingbo Ma
    Mingbo Ma
    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
    More by Mingbo Ma
    • , 
  • Zhongqi Shi
    Zhongqi Shi
    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
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    • , and 
  • Sheng-Wu Guo
    Sheng-Wu Guo
    State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
    More by Sheng-Wu Guo
Cite this: ACS Nano 2018, 12, 4, 3103–3111
Publication Date (Web):March 7, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b08577
Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Ultralight ceramic aerogels with the property combination of recoverable compressibility and excellent high-temperature stability are attractive for use in harsh environments. However, conventional ceramic aerogels are usually constructed by oxide ceramic nanoparticles, and their practical applications have always been limited by the brittle nature of ceramics and volume shrinkage at high temperature. Silicon carbide (SiC) nanowire offers the integrated properties of elasticity and flexibility of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials and superior high-temperature thermal and chemical stability of SiC ceramics, which makes it a promising building block for compressible ceramic nanowire aerogels (NWAs). Here, we report the fabrication and properties of a highly porous three-dimensional (3D) SiC NWA assembled by a large number of interweaving 3C-SiC nanowires of 20–50 nm diameter and tens to hundreds of micrometers in length. The SiC NWA possesses ultralow density (∼5 mg cm–3), excellent mechanical properties of large recoverable compression strain (>70%) and fatigue resistance, refractory property, oxidation and high-temperature resistance, and thermal insulating property (0.026 W m–1 K–1 at room temperature in N2). When used as absorbents, the SiC NWAs exhibit an adsorption selectivity of low-viscosity organic solvents with high absorption capacity (130–237 g g–1). The successful fabrication of such an attractive material may provide promising perspectives to the design and fabrication of other compressible and multifunctional ceramic NWAs.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08577.

  • EDS results of the amorphous layer conjunction among nanowire bundles, demonstration of using SiC NWA for high-temperature filtration, tensile behavior, water contact angle measurements, specific BET surface area, detailed preparation process of SiC NWA (PDF)

  • Movie S1. Detaching SiC NWA from graphite substrate (AVI)

  • Movie S2. Macroscopic morphology of self-adherent bulk SiC NWA after a freefall (AVI)

  • Movie S3. Measuring the density of SiC NWA (AVI)

  • Movie S4. Cyclic compression test at set strain of 60% at rate of 80 mm min–1 (AVI)

  • Motion Graph S1. Motion graph for the microstructure evolution of SiC NWA during compression and releasing process (AVI)

  • Movie S5. In situ observation of the microstructure evolution of nanowire bundles during compression and releasing process (AVI)

  • Movie S6. Demonstration of the thermal insulation property of SiC NWA (AVI)

  • Movie S7. Fast absorbing of oil (AVI)

  • Movie S8. Recovering the original size and shape from squeezed stage (AVI)

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