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Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    ACS Nano

    Cite this: ACS Nano 2018, 12, 6, 5761–5773
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b01640
    Published May 31, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    A suite of imaging tools for detecting specific chemicals in the central nervous system could accelerate the understanding of neural signaling events critical to brain function and disease. Here, we introduce a class of nanoparticle sensors for the highly specific detection of acetylcholine in the living brain using magnetic resonance imaging. The nanosensor is composed of acetylcholine-catalyzing enzymes and pH-sensitive gadolinium contrast agents co-localized onto the surface of polymer nanoparticles, which leads to changes in T1 relaxation rate (1/T1). The mechanism of the sensor involves the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine leading to a localized decrease in pH which is detected by the pH-sensitive gadolinium chelate. The concomitant change in 1/T1in vitro measured a 20% increase from 0 to 10 μM acetylcholine concentration. The applicability of the nanosensors in vivo was demonstrated in the rat medial prefrontal cortex showing distinct changes in 1/T1 induced by pharmacological stimuli. The highly specific acetylcholine nanosensor we present here offers a promising strategy for detection of cholinergic neurotransmission and will facilitate our understanding of brain function through chemical imaging.

    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01640.

    • Fabrication of pH-MRNS and ACh-MRNS, structure and 1H NMR spectrum of the pH-sensitive chelator, TEM image of the ACh-MRNS using NanoVan stain, in vitro nanosensor to pH dependence, pH change in the mixture of the nanosensor and acetylcholine, xylenol orange test, kinetics of BuChE, relative signal intensity at different TR, histology, and diffusion of pH-MRNS in phantom brain (Figures S1–S11) (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 36 publications.

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    ACS Nano

    Cite this: ACS Nano 2018, 12, 6, 5761–5773
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b01640
    Published May 31, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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