Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance ImagingClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Yi LuoYi LuoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United StatesMore by Yi Luo
- Eric H. KimEric H. KimDepartment of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United StatesMore by Eric H. Kim
- Chris A. FlaskChris A. FlaskDepartments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United StatesMore by Chris A. Flask
- Heather A. Clark*Heather A. Clark*E-mail: [email protected]Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United StatesMore by Heather A. Clark
Abstract
A suite of imaging tools for detecting specific chemicals in the central nervous system could accelerate the understanding of neural signaling events critical to brain function and disease. Here, we introduce a class of nanoparticle sensors for the highly specific detection of acetylcholine in the living brain using magnetic resonance imaging. The nanosensor is composed of acetylcholine-catalyzing enzymes and pH-sensitive gadolinium contrast agents co-localized onto the surface of polymer nanoparticles, which leads to changes in T1 relaxation rate (1/T1). The mechanism of the sensor involves the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine leading to a localized decrease in pH which is detected by the pH-sensitive gadolinium chelate. The concomitant change in 1/T1in vitro measured a 20% increase from 0 to 10 μM acetylcholine concentration. The applicability of the nanosensors in vivo was demonstrated in the rat medial prefrontal cortex showing distinct changes in 1/T1 induced by pharmacological stimuli. The highly specific acetylcholine nanosensor we present here offers a promising strategy for detection of cholinergic neurotransmission and will facilitate our understanding of brain function through chemical imaging.
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