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An Ultrastretchable and Self-Healable Nanocomposite Conductor Enabled by Autonomously Percolative Electrical Pathways

  • Sun Hong Kim
    Sun Hong Kim
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, 1-Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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  • , 
  • Hyunseon Seo
    Hyunseon Seo
    Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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  • , 
  • Jiheong Kang
    Jiheong Kang
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
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  • , 
  • Jaeyoung Hong
    Jaeyoung Hong
    Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
    More by Jaeyoung Hong
  • , 
  • Duhwan Seong
    Duhwan Seong
    Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
    More by Duhwan Seong
  • , 
  • Han-Jin Kim
    Han-Jin Kim
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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  • , 
  • Jaemin Kim
    Jaemin Kim
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
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  • , 
  • Jaewan Mun
    Jaewan Mun
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
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  • , 
  • Inchan Youn
    Inchan Youn
    Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-0808
  • , 
  • Jinseok Kim
    Jinseok Kim
    Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
    More by Jinseok Kim
  • , 
  • Yu-Chan Kim
    Yu-Chan Kim
    Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
    More by Yu-Chan Kim
  • , 
  • Hyun-Kwang Seok
    Hyun-Kwang Seok
    Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
    More by Hyun-Kwang Seok
  • , 
  • Changhee Lee
    Changhee Lee
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, 1-Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
    More by Changhee Lee
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2800-8250
  • , 
  • Jeffrey B.-H. Tok
    Jeffrey B.-H. Tok
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
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  • , 
  • Zhenan Bao*
    Zhenan Bao
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
    *E-mail: [email protected]
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    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-1715
  • , and 
  • Donghee Son*
    Donghee Son
    Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
    *E-mail: [email protected]
    More by Donghee Son
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-8009
Cite this: ACS Nano 2019, 13, 6, 6531–6539
Publication Date (Web):May 9, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b00160
Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Both self-healable conductors and stretchable conductors have been previously reported. However, it is still difficult to simultaneously achieve high stretchability, high conductivity, and self-healability. Here, we observed an intriguing phenomenon, termed “electrical self-boosting”, which enables reconstructing of electrically percolative pathways in an ultrastretchable and self-healable nanocomposite conductor (over 1700% strain). The autonomously reconstructed percolative pathways were directly verified by using microcomputed tomography and in situ scanning electron microscopy. The encapsulated nanocomposite conductor shows exceptional conductivity (average value: 2578 S cm–1; highest value: 3086 S cm–1) at 3500% tensile strain by virtue of efficient strain energy dissipation of the self-healing polymer and self-alignment and rearrangement of silver flakes surrounded by spontaneously formed silver nanoparticles and their self-assembly in the strained self-healing polymer matrix. In addition, the conductor maintains high conductivity and stretchability even after recovered from a complete cut. Besides, a design of double-layered conductor enabled by the self-bonding assembly allowed a conducting interface to be located on the neutral mechanical plane, showing extremely durable operations in a cyclic stretching test. Finally, we successfully demonstrated that electromyogram signals can be monitored by our self-healable interconnects. Such information was transmitted to a prosthetic robot to control various hand motions for robust interactive human-robot interfaces.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00160.

    • Supplementary data (Figures S1–S35) and discussion (Notes S1–S4) (PDF)

    • Movie S1: A video showing a flexible wireless EMG recording system using a self-healable conductor as an interconnection laminated on skin (AVI)

    • Movie S2: A video showing real-time EMG monitoring using the flexible wireless EMG recording system (AVI)

    • Movie S3: A video showing repetitive stretching and releasing of the interconnect after completely cut and self-healed (AVI)

    • Movie S4: A video showing demonstration of human-robot interface (grabbing, slightly and fully spreading, and pointing) using the self-healed interconnect (AVI)

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    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

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