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Neutron Activated 153Sm Sealed in Carbon Nanocapsules for in Vivo Imaging and Tumor Radiotherapy

  • Julie T.-W. Wang
    Julie T.-W. Wang
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
  • Rebecca Klippstein
    Rebecca Klippstein
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
  • Markus Martincic
    Markus Martincic
    Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
  • Elzbieta Pach
    Elzbieta Pach
    Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
  • Robert Feldman
    Robert Feldman
    Cis Bio International Ion Beam Applications SA, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France
  • Martin Šefl
    Martin Šefl
    Medical Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece
    Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
    More by Martin Šefl
  • Yves Michel
    Yves Michel
    Cis Bio International Ion Beam Applications SA, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France
    More by Yves Michel
  • Daniel Asker
    Daniel Asker
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
    More by Daniel Asker
  • Jane K. Sosabowski
    Jane K. Sosabowski
    Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
  • Martin Kalbac
    Martin Kalbac
    J. Heyrovsky Institute of the Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
  • Tatiana Da Ros
    Tatiana Da Ros
    INSTM Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
  • Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
    Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
    CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France
  • Alberto Bianco
    Alberto Bianco
    CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France
  • Ioanna Kyriakou
    Ioanna Kyriakou
    Medical Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece
  • Dimitris Emfietzoglou
    Dimitris Emfietzoglou
    Medical Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece
  • Jean-Claude Saccavini
    Jean-Claude Saccavini
    Cis Bio International Ion Beam Applications SA, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France
  • Belén Ballesteros*
    Belén Ballesteros
    Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
    *E-mail: [email protected].
  • Khuloud T. Al-Jamal*
    Khuloud T. Al-Jamal
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
    *E-mail: [email protected].
  • Gerard Tobias*
    Gerard Tobias
    Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
    *E-mail: [email protected].
Cite this: ACS Nano 2020, 14, 1, 129-141
Publication Date (Web):November 19, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b04898
Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Radiation therapy along with chemotherapy and surgery remain the main cancer treatments. Radiotherapy can be applied to patients externally (external beam radiotherapy) or internally (brachytherapy and radioisotope therapy). Previously, nanoencapsulation of radioactive crystals within carbon nanotubes, followed by end-closing, resulted in the formation of nanocapsules that allowed ultrasensitive imaging in healthy mice. Herein we report on the preparation of nanocapsules initially sealing “cold” isotopically enriched samarium (152Sm), which can then be activated on demand to their “hot” radioactive form (153Sm) by neutron irradiation. The use of “cold” isotopes avoids the need for radioactive facilities during the preparation of the nanocapsules, reduces radiation exposure to personnel, prevents the generation of nuclear waste, and evades the time constraints imposed by the decay of radionuclides. A very high specific radioactivity is achieved by neutron irradiation (up to 11.37 GBq/mg), making the “hot” nanocapsules useful not only for in vivo imaging but also therapeutically effective against lung cancer metastases after intravenous injection. The high in vivo stability of the radioactive payload, selective toxicity to cancerous tissues, and the elegant preparation method offer a paradigm for application of nanomaterials in radiotherapy.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b04898.

  • Schematic representation employed for the development of “hot” nanocapsules. Length distribution of 152Sm @CNT samples. External diameter distribution of 152Sm @CNT samples. ITLC analysis. HRTEM images of Sm-filled SWNTs before and after irradiation. Effect of the electron beam on the filling material. Table with neutron activated isotopes loaded onto nanocarriers. Tissue biodistribution of 153[email protected] and 153[email protected] Live bioluminescence images. Live bioluminescence images of untreated mice or mice treated with 153[email protected] Histological examination of major organs. Fit of the experimental biodistribution data (% ID) in the lung. Additional experimental details (PDF)

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