Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Omega 2018, 3, 8, 10383-10390

ArticleAugust 31, 2018

Luminescent–Magnetic Cellulose Fibers, Modified with Lanthanide-Doped Core/Shell Nanostructures
Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

Małgorzata Skwierczyńska
Małgorzata Skwierczyńska
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
More by Małgorzata Skwierczyńska
Marcin Runowski
Marcin Runowski
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
More by Marcin Runowski
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9704-2105
Szymon Goderski
Szymon Goderski
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
More by Szymon Goderski
Jacek Szczytko
Jacek Szczytko
Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
More by Jacek Szczytko
Jarosław Rybusiński
Jarosław Rybusiński
Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
More by Jarosław Rybusiński
Piotr Kulpiński
Piotr Kulpiński
Department of Man-Made Fibers, Technical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
More by Piotr Kulpiński
Stefan Lis*
Stefan Lis
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +48618291679 (S.L.).
More by Stefan Lis
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-3913

Open PDF Supporting Information (1)

ACS Omega

Cite this: ACS Omega 2018, 3, 8, 10383–10390

Click to copy citationCitation copied!

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00965

Published August 31, 2018

Request reuse permissions

Abstract

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

Novel luminescent–magnetic cellulose microfibers were prepared by a dry–wet spinning method with the use of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide. The synthesized luminescent–magnetic core/shell type nanostructures, based on the lanthanide-doped fluorides and magnetite nanoparticles (NPs)—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LnF₃, were used as nanomodifiers of the fibers. Thanks to the successful incorporation of the bifunctional nanomodifiers into the cellulose structure, the functionalized fibers exhibited superior properties, that is, bright multicolor emission under UV light and strong magnetic response. By the use of the as-prepared fibers, the luminescent–magnetic thread was fabricated and used to sew and make a unique pattern in the glove material, as a proof of concept for advanced, multimodal cloths’/materials’ protection against counterfeiting. The presence and uniform distribution of the modifier NPs in the polymer matrix were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The concentration of the modifier NPs in the fibers was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, EDX, and magnetic measurements. The luminescence characteristics of the materials were examined by photoluminescence spectroscopy, and their magnetic field-responsive behavior was investigated by a superconducting quantum interference device.

Subjects

1. Introduction

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

Cellulose is the most widespread biopolymer on earth and is recognized as an easily accessible and environmental-friendly raw material. (1,2) Therefore, it is used in many industries, ranging from grocery, paper, textiles, and cosmetics, to more sophisticated applications such as modern composite materials, (3−5) biodegradable wound dressings, (6−10) alternative energy sources, (11,12) or in optoelectronics. (13,14) Recently, much attention has been paid to cellulose-based composites, for example, cellulose fibers for special purposes. So far, with the use of special modifiers or fillers, the fibers with antibacterial, (15−18) magnetic, (18−23) catalytic, (24,25) thermochromic, (26) conductive, (27,28) or photoluminescence properties (18,29−35) have been obtained. The combination of fiber properties with two or more functionalities of active nanomaterials would open the door to many new applications.

Materials at the nanometer scale show different characteristics from their bulk counterparts. (36,37) This is due to the high specific surface area of the nanomaterials (due to the increased ratio of ions/atoms located on and near the surface to the ones within the particle), leading to an increased number of defects, unsaturated coordination sites, and crystal lattice strains. (37,38) This is the reason why they change their physicochemical properties (e.g., spectroscopic, thermal, mechanical, magnetic, etc.).

Characteristic features of lanthanides are long (in the range of a few microseconds to milliseconds) luminescence lifetimes, photostability, and narrow bands of absorption and emission. (29−31,39−45) Depending on the dopant ions, an intense and multicolor (e.g., Tb³⁺—green, Eu³⁺—red) luminescence is provided. (30,46,47) Magnetite used as a magnetic core is the strongest magnet among ferrites and it can be easily obtained in the nanoscale. (48−50) Furthermore, its structure is well known (51) and it is biocompatible. (52−54) Thanks to the combination of two or more functionalities in a single nanomaterial, core/shell-type nanostructures may offer superior properties in comparison to the simple materials, for example, simultaneous luminescent–magnetic or luminescent–plasmonic activity. (39,55−57) Because of the presence of an external shell, they can exhibit improved core stability, increased biocompatibility, higher resistance to aggressive agents, and so forth. (39,58)

In this paper, we report a preparation method and photophysical studies of the luminescent–magnetic cellulose fibers modified with core/shell-type nanoparticles (NPs), based on the lanthanide-doped fluorides (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LnF₃). This kind of fibers can be produced by the dry–wet spinning method with the use of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as a direct solvent of cellulose. (59) It is one of the most promising methods for producing modified fibers, because a nanomodifier can be easily introduced into the spinning dope during the dissolution of cellulose in NMMO. Moreover, NMMO is almost completely recoverable (up to 99.6–99.7% recovery (60)) and this method is environmentally friendly. (61−64) It is worth noting that such a nanomodifier must meet certain requirements; for example, it should be stable in a highly alkaline environment, resistant to high temperatures (≈120 °C), be inert to NMMO, and be insoluble in water. (30) We successfully synthesized the optimized nanomodifiers, which fulfill these criteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that luminescent–magnetic cellulose fibers were prepared. The novelty in the research is focused on the preparation of bifunctional fibers, using only a single, core/shell-type nanomodifier in the form of a stable colloid, which ensured homogenous dispersion of the modifier NPs in the fiber matrix. Because of this fact, fibers revealing uniform luminescence and magnetism, with good mechanical properties, have been obtained. These fibers could be further processed into a thread, which can be used to protect textiles.

An inspiration of the present research was a growing demand for document and clothing security systems against counterfeiting. These fibers could be an excellent solution to prevent fake documents and textiles.

2. Results and Discussion

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

2.1. Structure and Morphology

Figure 1a,b shows the recorded powder diffractograms of the prepared materials. For the readers’ convenience, the abbreviations Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ were used for Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/CeF₃:5% Tb³⁺ and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LaF₃:10% Ce³⁺, 30% Gd³⁺, 1% Eu³⁺, respectively. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the obtained luminescent–magnetic fibers reveal reflexes corresponding to two crystalline phases, which fit well with the reference patterns of Fe₃O₄ (cubic Fd3̅m), CeF₃ (hexagonal P6₃22), or LaF₃ (hexagonal P6₃/mmc) from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. However, because of the low content of NP modifiers in the fibers (≈5 wt %), the reflexes from Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ were hardly observed. Cellulose I has the following diffraction peaks: (hkl 110) at 2θ ≈ 14.7° and (hkl 002) at 2θ ≈ 22.5° and cellulose II has the following peaks: (hkl 110) at 2θ ≈ 12.3°, (hkl 1–10) at 2θ ≈ 20.1°, and (hkl 020) 2θ ≈ 21.9°, (29) which are clearly observed in the diffractograms of the synthesized modified fibers. The reflexes’ broadening is caused by nanocrystallinity of the synthesized materials.

Figure 1. Powder XRD patterns of the Fe₃O₄; LnF₃:Tb³⁺; Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺; unmodified and modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ fibers (a); powder XRD patterns of the Fe₃O₄; LnF₃:Eu³⁺; Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺; unmodified and modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ fibers (b); TEM images of Fe₃O₄ (c), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂ (d), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (e), and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (f); photographs of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (g,h) and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (i,j), taken before (g,i) and after (h,j) magnet capture, under UV light (λ_ex = 254 nm).

Figure 1c–f shows the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the synthesized nanomodifiers (for the overview of TEM images, see Figure S1): Fe₃O₄ (c), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂ (d), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (e), and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (f). The size of the synthesized magnetite NPs (c) is in the range of 4–13 nm. The surface of Fe₃O₄ is coated with a silica shell modified with amine groups, which cause formation of agglomerated core/shell-type nanostructures—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂ (d). Core/shell NPs are covered with lanthanide fluoride NPs, which led to the larger nanostructures, Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LnF₃. The morphology of the modifier is a very important factor for further modifications of cellulose fibers. Because of the fact that the modifier NPs form agglomerates with a size not exceeding 100–150 nm, a homogenous distribution of the NPs inside the fibers matrix is ensured. Thus, the mechanical properties of the modified fibers are good enough to be further processed into thread or fabrics.

Figure 1g–j shows the colloid of the luminescent–magnetic modifier under UV light, before (g,i) and after (h,j) magnet capture. The modifier NPs under UV light reveal bright, multicolor luminescence (for the photographs taken in daylight see Figure S2). Thanks to the good magnetic–luminescence properties of the modifier NPs, even their small addition provides fibers with superior properties.

2.2. Concentration of a Modifier in the Fibers

To estimate the real content of the modifier in the fiber matrix, the fibers were examined by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). On the basis of the known composition of the modifiers, the contents of the modifiers in the fibers were calculated as 4.6 (ICP) and 5.1 wt % (EDX) for Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺, and 5.4 (ICP) and 6.0 wt % (EDX) for Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺. The calculated results are shown in Table S1. To additionally confirm these results, the concentration of the modifier (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺) in the fibers was approximated (see Figure S3) by means of magnetic measurements. The modifier concentration was determined as 5.43%. The results are consistent with the quantities used for modification (≈5 wt %). Differences between the theoretical and determined content of the modifier may result from the incomplete incorporation of the modifier in the fiber structure or incomplete dissolution of the cellulose used to prepare the spinning dope.

2.3. SEM–EDX Analysis

Figure 2 shows the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the overview (a1,b1), surface (a2,b2), and cross section (a3,b3) of the modified cellulose fibers (with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺—images a1–a3, with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺—b1–b3). In the images presented, the modifier NPs (white spots) are uniformly distributed on the surface and in the volume of the fiber. The fiber diameter is in the range of 25–30 μm. The SEM–EDX mapping presented in Figure 3 confirms a homogenous dispersion of the modifier NPs in the polymer matrix.

Figure 2. SEM images—overview (a1,b1), surface (a2,b2), and cross section (a3,b3) of the cellulose fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (a1–a3) and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (b1–b3).

Figure 3. EDX mapping of the modified cellulose fibers (a—with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and b—with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺). Field of view (a1,b1); EDX mapping of oxygen—shown as green (a2,b2); silicon—violet (a3,b3); cerium—yellow (a4); and lanthanum—blue (b4).

Figure S4 (see the Supporting Information) presents the EDX analysis of fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺. Both spectra reveal the presence of Fe, O, Si, and lanthanides occurring in a given nanomodifier. The most intense peaks corresponding to C and O originate from cellulose. The aluminum signal appearing in the EDX spectrum comes from the aluminum-holder, used to fix the EDX samples.

2.4. Luminescence Properties of the Modified Fibers

One of the two main goals of the present study was to produce fibers endowed with luminescence properties. The luminescence of the modified cellulose fibers under UV light irradiation is presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Luminescence of the synthesized fibers: (a,b) fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺, (c,d) with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺; taken in daylight (a,c) and under ultraviolet light irradiation, λ_ex = 254 nm (b,d).

Figure 5a,b shows excitation and emission spectra of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺, respectively. Excitation spectra were measured at λ_em = 545 nm, where the most intense emission band, resulting from ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ transition, was recorded. The broad band observed in the spectrum corresponds to the f–d transition within Ce³⁺ ions (allowed by selection rules), related to the excitation of Ce³⁺ and the subsequent energy transfer (ET) to Tb³⁺ ions. (65) In the emission spectrum (observed at λ_ex = 251 nm), there are four characteristic bands associated with transitions from the lowest excited Tb³⁺ level—⁵D₄ → ⁷F_J (J = 6–3). (66)

Figure 5. Excitation (a,c) and emission (b,d) spectra of the prepared materials: a,b—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺, c,d—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ and fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺.

Figure 5c,d presents the excitation and emission spectra of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ and fiber modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺, respectively. The excitation spectrum (recorded at λ_em = 592 nm, where the most intense band in the emission spectra originated from the ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ transition was recorded) shows a main broad band at 248 nm connected with the ET from Ce³⁺ to Eu³⁺ ions. In the emission spectra, five narrow, split bands related to ⁵D₁ → ⁷F₂, ⁵D₀ → ⁷F_J (J = 1–4) transitions can be observed.

The luminescence decay curves of the synthesized materials (Figure 6) were recorded at λ_ex = 251 nm, λ_em = 545 nm (for the Tb³⁺-doped compounds) and at λ_ex = 248 nm, λ_em = 592 nm (for the Eu³⁺-doped compounds). The recorded decay profiles were fitted well to biexponential function I = A₁ exp(−t/τ₁) + A₂ exp(−t/τ₂), with R² > 0.999 (I—luminescence intensity at time t, A—amplitude, τ—luminescence lifetime, R²—correlation coefficient). The biexponential character of the recorded decay curves is related to the different local coordination environments of the Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions, situated inside and on the NPs’ surface. As the synthesized modifier NPs exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, the abundant surface ions, which are easily quenched by water molecules, are responsible for the short-living component of the decay curve (τ₂). The determined luminescence lifetimes are in the range of several milliseconds (see Table 1), which is typical of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions embedded in the inorganic fluoride matrices. (56) The emission lifetimes of the composite materials, that is, modified fibers, are shorter than the lifetimes of the modifier NPs. This may be a consequence of the spinning process, as the reagents used to obtain the spinning dope may deposit on the NPs, resulting in luminescence quenching. The emission of the obtained cellulose fibers is very intense, which is a crucial factor for their further applications.

Figure 6. Luminescence decay curves of the synthesized materials.

Table 1. Calculated Luminescence Lifetimes

	τ₁ [ms]	τ₂ [ms]
Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺	2.54 (35%)	6.27 (65%)
fibers with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺	1.72 (38%)	4.42 (62%)
Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺	1.68 (20%)	9.60 (80%)
fibers with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺	0.63 (30%)	5.85 (70%)

2.5. Magnetic Properties

The second main goal was to receive fibers with magnetic properties (Figure 8b,c). Figure 7a,b presents the hysteresis loops of core/shell NPs, modifiers, and modified fibers, respectively. Magnetization as a function of magnetic field was measured at room temperature (300.0 K) and a magnetic field up to 7.0 T, using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The obtained results show that all core/shell NPs exhibit fast saturation of magnetization, typical for a superparamagnetic material. The weak hysteresis with a coercive field of about 0.005 T and remanence below 5% of saturation magnetization is characteristic for a soft ferromagnetic material. However, the zero-field-cooled/field-cooled (ZFC/FC) measurements at 0.02 T revealed that the examined modifier NPs, and hence the fibers, over 280.0 K show a behavior characteristic for superparamagnetic materials (Figure 7c,d). As it is well known, magnetite particles become superparamagnetic when they reach a size smaller than ≈12 nm. This leads to the conclusion that the dominant superparamagnetic contribution comes from the magnetite NPs, with an average size (see Figure S5) in this case of 8.7 nm, whereas the small ferromagnetic signal comes from the minority of the magnetite NPs, which are larger than 12 nm. Unmodified fibers exhibit negative magnetization as a function of magnetic field, which means that they are diamagnetic. The saturation magnetization of the fibers is smaller than that of the modifier—that is because of the lower content of modifier NPs (in 1 g of fibers, there is ≈5 wt % of the modifier).

Figure 7. Magnetic field dependence of magnetization at temperatures of 300 K for the core/shell NPs—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂ (black), modifiers—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (green), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (red) (a), unmodified fibers (blue), fiber modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (green) and with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺(pink) (b); ZFC/FC curves of the modifiers (c) and modified fibers (d).

2.6. Mechanical Properties

The results of the linear density and mechanical properties such as strength and elongation at break are presented in Table 2. The linear density of the modified fibers is significantly higher than for the unmodified ones (spun at the same draw-ratio—10 m/min), which is caused by the presence of the modifier NPs in the cellulose fibers. The measured mechanical properties show that introduction of a modifier into a polymer matrix slightly impairs the mechanical properties of the fibers. Unmodified fibers have the highest tenacity as well as elongation at break. This is probably due to the formation of NP agglomerates in the cellulose matrix, which decreases the elasticity of the fibers. However, it should be emphasized that the fibers have been obtained on a laboratory scale and that the properties of the cellulose fibers formed by the wet methods are highly dependent on the process conditions. The resultant good mechanical properties can be explained by the fact that the modifier NPs were introduced into the fibers in the form of a colloid. As a result, a good dispersion of the modifier NPs in the cellulose matrix (see SEM and SEM–EDX) was achieved. Thanks to this, the presence of the modifier NPs only slightly decreases the mechanical properties of the fibers, in contrast to the fibers in which the modifier particles were introduced in the form of a powder.

Table 2. Linear Density and Mechanical Properties of Modified Fibers

	linear density [tex]	tenacity [cN/tex]	elongation at break [%]
unmodified fibers (draw ratio 10 m/min)	0.116	30.3	9.69
fibers with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺	0.627	28.0	5.40
fibers with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺	1.107	21.8	7.90

The scheme of the formation of the luminescent–magnetic cellulose fibers is presented in Figure 8a. Thanks to the mentioned good mechanical properties of the modified fibers, the luminescent–magnetic thread has been successfully fabricated. The multifunctional thread has been further used to sew a unique pattern in the glove material (Figure 8d,e).

Figure 8. Scheme of the formation of the luminescent–magnetic cellulose fibers (a); photographs of the luminescent–magnetic fibers captured by a neodymium magnet, taken in daylight (b) and under UV light, λ_ex = 254 nm (c); images of a glove with a pattern sewn with a luminescent–magnetic thread, taken in daylight (d) and under UV light, λ_ex = 254 nm (e).

3. Conclusions

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

The multifunctional, hybrid materials composed of cellulose microfibers, modified with luminescent–magnetic core/shell nanostructures, were successfully prepared by the NMMO method. XRD, SEM, and ICP–MS analyses confirmed the presence and evaluated the distribution and content of the modifier NPs in the cellulose matrices. The luminescence–magnetic properties of the modified fibers were verified by spectroscopic and magnetic measurements. The modified lyocell fibers presented in this paper can be used to produce threads and yarns as well as paper. Thanks to their good photophysical properties, these fibers can be introduced into knitted fabric and paper in small quantities, which significantly reduces manufacturing costs. This kind of luminescent–magnetic fibers are excellent materials for textile and document protection, because they are almost impossible to counterfeit, and at the same time their authenticity can be easily proven using UV light or a magnetometer. Under UV light irradiation, the modified hybrid fibers glow and exhibit magnetization, which make them novel and unique, multifunctional materials.

4. Experimental Section

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

4.1. Materials

To prepare the cellulose solution, pulp from Rayonier [polymerization degree (

) 1250, 96.8 wt % of α-cellulose] and 50% aqueous solution of NMMO (from Huntsman Holland BV, The Netherlands) were used. In order to stabilize the molecular weight, the propyl ester of gallic acid—Tenox PG (purchased from Aldrich, Gillingham, Dorset, UK) as an antioxidant was applied. The modifiers of the cellulose fibers were the core/shell-type NPs: Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺, synthesized according to the protocol reported by Runowski and Lis (39) (synthesis details can be found in the Supporting Information).

4.2. Instrumentations

The cellulose solution was made in a high-efficiency laboratory-scale IKAVISC kneader type MKD 0.6-H60. The fibers were spun with the use of the dry–wet spinning method on a laboratory-scale piston-spinning device with a spinneret equipped with 18 orifices of 0.4 mm diameter. TEM images were obtained using a Hitachi HT7700 microscope, operating at 100 kV, in order to determine the size and shape distribution of the modifier particles. The XRD patterns were measured with a Bruker AXS D8 Advance diffractometer (6°–60° 2θ range) using Cu Kα₁ radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The concentration of the modifier NPs introduced into the fiber structure was determined with a Shimadzu ICPMS-2030 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. To confirm the presence and evaluate the distribution of the modifier NPs, the EDX, SEM, and SEM–EDX images were obtained with a scanning electron microscope FEI Quanta 250 FEG, using an EDAX detector. The excitation and emission spectra as well as luminescence decay curves were recorded using a Hitachi F-7000 spectrophotometer. The spectra were corrected for the instrumental response. To study the magnetic properties of modified fibers, a SQUID MPMS-7 XL Quantum Design was used. The mechanical properties of the fibers were measured using a Zwick Z2.5/TN1S tensile testing machine, according to the Polish norm PN-85/P-04761/04. The fibers’ linear density was measured in accordance with the Polish norm PN-72/P-04800.

4.3. Preparation of the Spinning Dope

In order to prepare the spinning dope, an appropriate amount of cellulose pulp, an aqueous solution of NMMO, Tenox PG, and the modifier were placed into the kneader equipped with an efficient stirring system and heating. The modifier in the form of an aqueous colloidal solution was added in such a quantity as to reach about 5 wt % of each modifier in dry cellulose fibers. Subsequently, cellulose was dissolved under low pressure (≈20 hPa) at a temperature not exceeding 115 °C. During the process, water was removed until its contents in cellulose did not exceed 14 wt %. The dissolution of cellulose lasted about 1.5 h. The resulting thick, transparent, amber-like colored spinning dope was obtained.

4.4. Preparation of Cellulose Fibers

The spinning dope was placed into a preheated cylinder, with the temperature not exceeding 115 °C (to avoid decomposition of NMMO). Then, the melted solution was pressed through the nozzle holes, and through the air gap it was immersed in an aqueous solidifying bath at 20 °C. The fibers were spun at a take-up speed 10 m/min, washed, and dried at room temperature.

Supporting Information

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00965.

Preparation of the core/shell-type NPs; overview of TEM images; photographs of the colloidal modifier; concentration of the modifiers in cellulose fibers; determination of the modifier concentration; EDX spectra of the modified fibers; and grain size distribution histograms for Fe₃O₄ (PDF)

ao8b00965_si_001.pdf (1.22 MB)

Terms & Conditions

Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

Author Information

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

Corresponding Author
- Stefan Lis - Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-3913; Email: [email protected]
Authors
- Małgorzata Skwierczyńska - Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Marcin Runowski - Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9704-2105
- Szymon Goderski - Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Rare Earths, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Jacek Szczytko - Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Jarosław Rybusiński - Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Piotr Kulpiński - Department of Man-Made Fibers, Technical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Notes
The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Acknowledgments

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grant numbers 2015/17/N/ST5/01947 and 2016/21/B/ST5/00110).

References

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

This article references 66 other publications.

1
Kargarzadeh, H.; Ahmad, I.; Thomas, S.; Dufresne, A. Handbook of Nanocellulose and Cellulose Nanocomposites; Wiley, 2017.
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
2
Wu, W.-B.; Jing, Y.; Gong, M.-R.; Zhou, X.-F.; Dai, H.-Q. Preparation and Properties of Magnetic Cellulose Fiber Composites. BioResources 2011, 6, 3396– 3409
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
3
Nechita, P.; Năstac, S. Foam-Formed Cellulose Composite Materials with Potential Applications in Sound Insulation. J. Compos. Mater. 2018, 52, 747– 754, DOI: 10.1177/0021998317714639
Google Scholar
3
Foam-formed cellulose composite materials with potential applications in sound insulation
Nechita, P.; Nastac, S.
Journal of Composite Materials (2018), 52 (6), 747-754CODEN: JCOMBI; ISSN:0021-9983. (Sage Publications Ltd.)
Use of foam-formed cellulose composite materials is a viable alternative that provides potential savings in terms of raw materials, energy and water compared with conventional methods for obtaining the fibrous composites. This new innovative manufg. method leads to obtaining porous materials with low d. and low environmental impact, which could replace the petroleum-based products in different industrial application fields like sound control. In this paper is presented a methodol. for producing low-d. cellulose composite materials in foam media. In this methodol. a surfactant is mixed with cellulose fibers (from virgin pulp and recovered papers) at high shear velocity (2000 r/min) to entrain air, dewatered on Buchner funnel under low vacuum and air dried in non-restrained conditions. The obtained composite materials have been tested by sound insulation parameters (sound transmission loss and absorption coeffs.) using two exptl. impedance tubes with four-microphone configuration and anechoic termination. Three samples of foam-formed cellulose composites and one water-formed composite sample were obtained. Their sound insulation performances were compared with two different com. available petroleum-based materials currently used in sound insulation applications (i.e. expanded/extruded polystyrene). The exptl. results show comparable performances between foam-formed cellulose composites and polystyrene-based samples, but in terms of the environmental impact, these materials can be an appropriate green alternative which can cut the costs of recycling process.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXksFajtb0%253D&md5=197e31ca1846552b52067baf8db6d370
4
Tran, C. D.; Mututuvari, T. M. Cellulose, Chitosan and Keratin Composite Materials: Facile and Recyclable Synthesis, Conformation and Properties. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 1850– 1861, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00084
Google Scholar
4
Cellulose, Chitosan and Keratin Composite Materials: Facile and Recyclable Synthesis, Conformation and Properties
Tran Chieu D; Mututuvari Tamutsiwa M
ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering (2016), 4 (3), 1850-1861 ISSN:2168-0485.
A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites formed to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the majority of [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used (at least 88%) was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. FTIR, XRD, (13)C CP-MAS NMR and SEM results confirm that KER, CS and CEL remain chemically intact and distributed homogeneously in the composites. We successfully demonstrate that the widely used method based on the deconvolution of the FTIR bands of amide bonds to determine secondary structure of proteins is relatively subjective as the conformation obtained is strongly dependent on the choice of parameters selected for curve fitting. A new method, based on the partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) of the amide bands, was developed, and proven to be objective and can provide more accurate information. Results obtained with this method agree well with those by XRD, namely they indicate that although KER retains its second structure when incorporated into the [CEL+CS] composites, it has relatively lower α-helix, higher β-turn and random form compared to that of the KER in native wool. It seems that during dissolution by [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], the inter- and intramolecular forces in KER were broken thereby destroying its secondary structure. During regeneration, these interactions were reestablished to reform partially the secondary structure. However, in the presence of either CEL or CS, the chains seem to prefer the extended form thereby hindering reformation of the α-helix. Consequently, the KER in these matrices may adopt structures with lower content of α-helix and higher β-sheet. As anticipated, results of tensile strength and TGA confirm that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increase the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the [CS/CEL+KER] composites.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC2srptVSjtg%253D%253D&md5=7f982b11209369d031cbd56b1ba0408d
5
Tran, C. D.; Duri, S.; Delneri, A.; Franko, M. Chitosan-Cellulose Composite Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Application for Removal of Microcystin. J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 252–253, 355– 366, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.046
Google Scholar
5
Chitosan-cellulose composite materials: Preparation, Characterization and application for removal of microcystin
Tran, Chieu D.; Duri, Simon; Delneri, Ambra; Franko, Mladen
Journal of Hazardous Materials (2013), 252-253 (), 355-366CODEN: JHMAD9; ISSN:0304-3894. (Elsevier B.V.)
We developed a simple and 1-step method to prep. biocompatible composites from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS). [BMIm+Cl-], an ionic liq. (IL), was used as a green solvent to dissolve and prep. the [CEL + CS] composites. Since majority (>88%) of IL used was recovered for reuse by distg. the aq. washings of [CEL + CS], the method is recyclable. XRD, FTIR, near-IR, 13C CP-MASNMR and SEM were used to monitor the dissoln. and to characterize the composites. The composite has combined advantages of their components: superior mech. strength (from CEL) and excellent adsorption capability for microcystin-LR, a deadly toxin produced by cyanobacteria (from CS). Specifically, the mech. strength of the composites increased with CEL loading; e.g., up to 5× increase in tensile strength was achieved by adding 80% of CEL into CS. Kinetic results of adsorption confirm that unique properties of CS remain intact in the composite, i.e., it is not only a very good adsorbent for microcystin but also is better than all other available adsorbents. E.g., it can adsorb 4× times more microcystin than the best reported adsorbent. Importantly, the microcystin adsorbed can be quant. desorbed to enable the composite to be reused with similar adsorption efficiency.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXns1aqtLo%253D&md5=00fe2b47a3997edc3e318fb8e01a14f3
6
Czaja, W.; Krystynowicz, A.; Bielecki, S.; Brownjr, R., Jr. Microbial cellulose-the natural power to heal wounds. Biomaterials 2006, 27, 145– 151, DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.035
Google Scholar
6
Microbial cellulose--the natural power to heal wounds
Czaja Wojciech; Krystynowicz Alina; Bielecki Stanislaw; Brown R Malcolm Jr
Biomaterials (2006), 27 (2), 145-51 ISSN:0142-9612.
Microbial cellulose (MC) synthesized in abundance by Acetobacter xylinum shows vast potential as a novel wound healing system. The high mechanical strength and remarkable physical properties result from the unique nanostructure of the never-dried membrane. This article attempts to briefly summarize the recent developments and applications of MC in the emerging field of novel wound dressings and skin substitutes. It considers the properties of the synthesized material, its clinical performance, as well as progress in the commercialization of MC for wound care products. Efficient and inexpensive fermentation techniques, not presently available, will be necessary to produce large quantities of the polymer.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD2Mvos1Wqtw%253D%253D&md5=b2d66c4c2f8e49897d0f2235dbcd3e63
7
Matthew, I. R.; Browne, R. M.; Frame, J. W.; Millar, B. G. Subperiosteal Behaviour of Alginate and Cellulose Wound Dressing Materials. Biomaterials 1995, 16, 275– 278, DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)93254-b
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
8
Maneerung, T.; Tokura, S.; Rujiravanit, R. Impregnation of Silver Nanoparticles into Bacterial Cellulose for Antimicrobial Wound Dressing. Carbohydr. Polym. 2008, 72, 43– 51, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.07.025
Google Scholar
8
Impregnation of silver nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose for antimicrobial wound dressing
Maneerung, Thawatchai; Tokura, Seiichi; Rujiravanit, Ratana
Carbohydrate Polymers (2008), 72 (1), 43-51CODEN: CAPOD8; ISSN:0144-8617. (Elsevier B.V.)
Bacterial cellulose was produced by Acetobacter xylinum (strain TISTR 975). Bacterial cellulose is an interesting material for using as a wound dressing since it provides moist environment to a wound resulting in a better wound healing. However, bacterial cellulose itself has no antibacterial activity to prevent wound infection. To achieve antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles were impregnated into bacterial cellulose by immersing bacterial cellulose in silver nitrate soln. Sodium borohydride was then used to reduce the absorbed silver ion (Ag+) inside of bacterial cellulose to the metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag0). Silver nanoparticles displayed the optical absorption band around 420 nm. The red-shift and broadening of the optical absorption band was obsd. when the mole ratio of NaBH4 to AgNO3 (NaBH4:AgNO3) was decreased, indicating the increase in particle size and particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles that was investigated by transmission electron microscope. The formation of silver nanoparticles was also evidenced by the x-ray diffraction. The freeze-dried silver nanoparticle-impregnated bacterial cellulose exhibited strong the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram-neg.) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-pos.).
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXlt1ertw%253D%253D&md5=ce259580d44053056a569f06511fd807
9
Laçin, N. T. Development of Biodegradable Antibacterial Cellulose Based Hydrogel Membranes for Wound Healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2014, 67, 22– 27, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.003
Google Scholar
9
Development of biodegradable antibacterial cellulose based hydrogel membranes for wound healing
Lacin, Nelisa Turkoglu
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2014), 67 (), 22-27CODEN: IJBMDR; ISSN:0141-8130. (Elsevier B.V.)
Cellulose-based hydrogels have wide applications in tissue engineering and controlled delivery systems. In this study, chloramphenicol (CAP) loaded 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DABC) hydrogel membranes were prepd., characterized and their antibacterial efficacy was evaluated. Bacterial cellulose (BC) secreted by Acetobacter xylinum was modified to become DABC by oxidn. via the sodium metaperiodate method. CAP-BC and CAP-DABC interactions were illustrated via ATR-FTIR anal. Water retention capacity of BC and DABC membranes were detd. as 65.6±1.6% and 5.3±0.3%, resp. CAP release profiles were detd. via HPLC anal. The drug-loading capacities of BC and DABC membranes were 5 mg/cm2 and 0.1 mg/cm2, resp. Membranes released 99-99.5% of the contained CAP within 24 h and an initial burst release effect was not obsd. In vitro antibacterial tests of BC and DABC, both CAP-loaded, demonstrated their ability to inhibit bacterial growth for a prolonged duration. Antimicrobial effect against bacteria was still prevalent after 3 days of incubation period with disk diffusion tests. The MTT test results reveal that fibroblast adhesion and proliferation on CAP-loaded DABC membranes were noticeably higher than CAP-loaded BC membrane. This newly developed drug contg. DABC membranes seem to be highly suitable for wound healing due to its unique properties of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial effectiveness.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXotlyju7o%253D&md5=27b933acc140ce8118ccb664b9d8cc79
10
Sannino, A.; Demitri, C.; Madaghiele, M. Biodegradable Cellulose-Based Hydrogels: Design and Applications. Materials 2009, 2, 353– 373, DOI: 10.3390/ma2020353
Google Scholar
10
Biodegradable cellulose-based hydrogels: design and applications
Sannino, Alessandro; Demitri, Christian; Madaghiele, Marta
Materials (2009), 2 (2), 353-373CODEN: MATEG9; ISSN:1996-1944. (Molecular Diversity Preservation International)
A review. Hydrogels are macromol. networks able to absorb and release water solns. in a reversible manner, in response to specific environmental stimuli. Such stimuli-sensitive behavior makes hydrogels appealing for the design of 'smart' devices, applicable in a variety of technol. fields. In particular, in cases where either ecol. or biocompatibility issues are concerned, the biodegradability of the hydrogel network, together with the control of the degrdn. rate, may provide addnl. value to the developed device. This review surveys the design and the applications of cellulose-based hydrogels, which are extensively investigated due to the large availability of cellulose in nature, the intrinsic degradability of cellulose and the smart behavior displayed by some cellulose derivs.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXovFanu7w%253D&md5=6c4092bdb5b351fcfc1311848ed78d2e
11
Fatehi, P. Production of Biofuels from Cellulose of Woody Biomass. In Cellulose—Biomass Conversion; van de Ven, T. G. M., Ed.; InTechOpen, 2013; pp 45– 74.
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
12
Xiao, S.; Liu, B.; Wang, Y.; Fang, Z.; Zhang, Z. Efficient conversion of cellulose into biofuel precursor 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in dimethyl sulfoxide-ionic liquid mixtures. Bioresour. Technol. 2014, 151, 361– 366, DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.095
Google Scholar
12
Efficient conversion of cellulose into biofuel precursor 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in dimethyl sulfoxide-ionic liquid mixtures
Xiao, Shaohua; Liu, Bing; Wang, Yimei; Fang, Zhongfeng; Zhang, Zehui
Bioresource Technology (2014), 151 (), 361-366CODEN: BIRTEB; ISSN:0960-8524. (Elsevier Ltd.)
In recent years, cellulose has received increasing attention as a potential material for the prodn. of biofuels and bio-based chems. In this study, a new process for the efficient conversion of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was developed by the use of AlCl3 as the catalyst in DMSO-ionic liq. ([BMIM]Cl) mixts. Various reaction parameters such as reaction time, reaction temp., solvent and catalyst dosage were investigated in detail. A high HMF yield of 54.9% was obtained from cellulose at 150°C after 9 h in a mixed solvent of DMSO-[BMIM]Cl (10 wt.%). More importantly, the catalytic system could be reused for several times despite of the slight loss of its catalytic activity.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvFWrtrvL&md5=e392de4ab2e3802dc76b8d2f51a1d506
13
Luo, Y.; Li, L.; Huang, S.; Chen, T.; Luo, H. Functional Nanomaterials for Optoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage 2014. J. Nanomater. 2014, 2014, 1– 2, DOI: 10.1155/2014/210853
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
14
Zhu, H.; Fang, Z.; Wang, Z.; Dai, J.; Yao, Y.; Shen, F.; Preston, C.; Wu, W.; Peng, P.; Jang, N. Extreme Light Management in Mesoporous Wood Cellulose Paper for Optoelectronics. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 1369– 1377, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06781
Google Scholar
14
Extreme Light Management in Mesoporous Wood Cellulose Paper for Optoelectronics
Zhu, Hongli; Fang, Zhiqiang; Wang, Zhu; Dai, Jiaqi; Yao, Yonggang; Shen, Fei; Preston, Colin; Wu, Wenxin; Peng, Peng; Jang, Nathaniel; Yu, Qingkai; Yu, Zongfu; Hu, Liangbing
ACS Nano (2016), 10 (1), 1369-1377CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
Wood fibers possess natural unique hierarchical and mesoporous structures that enable a variety of new applications beyond their traditional use. We dramatically modulate the propagation of light through random network of wood fibers. A highly transparent and clear paper with transmittance >90% and haze <1.0% applicable for high-definition displays is achieved. By altering the morphol. of the same wood fibers that form the paper, highly transparent and hazy paper targeted for other applications such as solar cell and antiglare coating with transmittance >90% and haze >90% is also achieved. A thorough investigation of the relation between the mesoporous structure and the optical properties in transparent paper was conducted, including full-spectrum optical simulations. We demonstrate com. competitive multitouch touch screen with clear paper as a replacement for plastic substrates, which shows excellent process compatibility and comparable device performance for com. applications. Transparent cellulose paper with tunable optical properties is an emerging photonic material that will realize a range of much improved flexible electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXitVejtbnE&md5=6b4409d221b35a0fd71d0022e445124d
15
Roy, D.; Knapp, J. S.; Guthrie, J. T.; Perrier, S. Antibacterial Cellulose Fiber via RAFT Surface Graft Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2008, 9, 91– 99, DOI: 10.1021/bm700849j
Google Scholar
15
Antibacterial Cellulose Fiber via RAFT Surface Graft Polymerization
Roy, Debashish; Knapp, Jeremy S.; Guthrie, James T.; Perrier, Sebastien
Biomacromolecules (2008), 9 (1), 91-99CODEN: BOMAF6; ISSN:1525-7797. (American Chemical Society)
2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was polymd. from cellulosic filter paper via reversible addn.-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymn. The tertiary amino groups of the grafted PDMAEMA chains were subsequently quaternized with alkyl bromides of different chain lengths (C8-C16) to provide a large concn. of quaternary ammonium groups on the cellulose surface. The antibacterial activity of the quaternized and nonquaternized PDMAEMA-grafted cellulosic fibers was tested against Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was found to depend on the alkyl chain length and on the degree of quaternization, i.e., the amt. of quaternary amino groups present in the cellulose graft copolymers. The PDMAEMA-grafted cellulose fiber with the highest degree of quaternization and quaternized with the shortest alkyl chains was found to exhibit particularly high activity against E. coli.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXhsVWqsb%252FO&md5=5b8ba17eacb3d562dda260ad354591f2
16
Smiechowicz, E.; Kulpinski, P.; Niekraszewicz, B.; Bacciarelli, A. Cellulose Fibers Modified with Silver Nanoparticles. Cellulose 2011, 18, 975– 985, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-011-9544-9
Google Scholar
16
Cellulose fibers modified with silver nanoparticles
Smiechowicz, E.; Kulpinski, P.; Niekraszewicz, B.; Bacciarelli, A.
Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2011), 18 (4), 975-985CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
Cellulose fibers modified with silver nanoparticles were prepd. using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as a direct solvent and analyzed in this study. Silver nanoparticles were generated as a product of AgNO3 redn. by means of three methods under varying light conditions (daylight and darkroom). Influence of generating conditions on the size, the type and the no. weighting of created nanoparticles was examd. Dynamic Light Scattering technique (DLS) was used for detn. of those parameters. DLS anal. showed that the best method, i.e. the one that allowed the generation of the greatest no. of silver nanoparticles with the smallest diam. and the smallest agglomerates, was incubation of cellulose pulp with AgNO3 in a darkroom for 24 h. Mech. and hydrophilic properties of all obtained fibers were also detd. Results showed that the method of silver nanoparticles generation did not influence significantly mech. and hydrophilic properties of the modified fibers, because in all cases only small decreases of the studied parameters were obsd.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXos1aktbc%253D&md5=005936b3139cb1d83b7a2adbfc83615b
17
Qian, L.; Guan, Y.; Ziaee, Z.; He, B.; Zheng, A.; Xiao, H. Rendering cellulose fibers antimicrobial using cationic β-cyclodextrin-based polymers included with antibiotics. Cellulose 2009, 16, 309– 317, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-008-9270-0
Google Scholar
17
Rendering cellulose fibers antimicrobial using cationic β-cyclodextrin-based polymers included with antibiotics
Qian, L.; Guan, Y.; Ziaee, Z.; He, B.; Zheng, A.; Xiao, H.
Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2009), 16 (2), 309-317CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
Cationic β-cyclodextrin polymer (CPβCD) and its complexes with butylparaben and triclosan were reported in this paper. 2D NMR confirmed that the host-guest complexes were formed by including antibiotics inside the cavities of CPβCDs, which significantly improved the water soly. of the antibiotics. Results of inhibition zones and shaking flask methods of antimicrobial-modified cellulose fibers showed that both antibiotics/CPβCD complexes had excellent antimicrobial activities when applying on the cellulose fibers whereas triclosan appeared to more effective. Morphol. of untreated and treated bacteria revealed by AFM suggested that the antibiotics/CPβCD complexes inhibited bacteria through affecting the metab. of the bacteria instead of damaging the cell membrane. Due to the strong electrostatic assocn., CPβCD polymers adsorbed on the surface of cellulose fibers almost completely within the range of dosages investigated.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhvVCgur8%253D&md5=30e6bb18e83d8f5ea0ab83f7c1377c0d
18
Bayer, I. S.; Fragouli, D.; Attanasio, A.; Sorce, B.; Bertoni, G.; Brescia, R.; Di Corato, R.; Pellegrino, T.; Kalyva, M.; Sabella, S.; Pompa, P. P.; Cingolani, R.; Athanassiou, A. Water-Repellent Cellulose Fiber Networks with Multifunctional Properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 4024– 4031, DOI: 10.1021/am200891f
Google Scholar
18
Water-repellent cellulose fiber networks with multifunctional properties
Bayer, Ilker S.; Fragouli, Despina; Attanasio, Agnese; Sorce, Barbara; Bertoni, Giovanni; Brescia, Rosaria; Di Corato, Riccardo; Pellegrino, Teresa; Kalyva, Maria; Sabella, Stefania; Pompa, Pier Paolo; Cingolani, Roberto; Athanassiou, Athanassia
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2011), 3 (10), 4024-4031CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
A simple and highly efficient technique is presented to introduce multifunctional properties to cellulose fiber networks by wetting with Et cyanoacrylate monomer solns. contg. various suspended org. submicrometer particles or inorg. nanoparticles. Solns. may be applied on cellulosic surfaces by simple soln. casting techniques or by dip coating, both being suitable for large area applications. Immediately after solvent evapn., Et cyanoacrylate polymerizes at ambient conditions encapsulating cellulose fibers with a hydrophobic polymer shell. Furthermore, by dispersing various functional particles in the monomer solns., hydrophobic Et cyanoacrylate nanocomposites with desired functionalities can be formed around the cellulose fibers. To exhibit the versatility of the method, cellulose sheets were functionalized with different Et cyanoacrylate nanocomposite shells comprising submicrometer wax or polytetrafluoroethylene particles for superhydrophobicity, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles for magnetic activity, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for light emission, and silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial activity. The morphol. and functional properties of the systems were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, light emission spectra, and E. coli growth measurements.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1Slt7bP&md5=ac427e893ad70f67e0ef0becf9a5e1e5
19
Marchessault, R. H.; Rioux, P.; Raymond, L. Magnetic Cellulose Fibres and Paper: Preparation, Processing and Properties. Polymer 1992, 33, 4024– 4028, DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90600-2
Google Scholar
19
Magnetic cellulose fibers and paper: preparation, processing and properties
Marchessault, R. H.; Rioux, P.; Raymond, Louise
Polymer (1992), 33 (19), 4024-8CODEN: POLMAG; ISSN:0032-3861.
Magnetic cellulose fibers were prepd. either by lumen loading or by in situ synthesis of ferrites in presence of cellulosic fibers. By using the lumen-loading technol., com. available magnetic pigments were introduced into the lumens of softwood fibers from which magnetic paper could be prepd. Lumen-loaded fibers acted as magnetic dipoles allowing manipulation of fiber orientation of papermaking. In situ synthesis of iron oxide particles was performed by oxidn. of ferrous hydroxide pptd. with caustic from the ferrous ion-exchanged form of Na CM-cellulose fibers. The latter were characterized by conductometric titrn. to det. the no. of functional groups available for the in situ chem. Superparamagnetically responsive fibers had smaller and less-colored pigments which were only magnetic in the presence of a field.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK38XmsFelt7g%253D&md5=03bc6164aa679217119ed576787519fd
20
Rubacha, M. Magnetically Active Composite Cellulose Fibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 101, 1529– 1534, DOI: 10.1002/app.23392
Google Scholar
20
Magnetically active composite cellulose fibers
Rubacha, Marcin
Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2006), 101 (3), 1529-1534CODEN: JAPNAB; ISSN:0021-8995. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
A process has been developed for manufg. magnetically active composite fibers of cellulose using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as a direct solvent for this natural polymer. Owing to its elasticity and stability, the process made it possible to add considerable quantities of modifier (up to 50% of fiber wt.) to spinning solns. The incorporation of powd. hard ferrites (barium ferrite) into the polymer soln. resulted in fibers with magnetic properties, which exhibited a uniform distribution of the modifier. The results of testing the magnetic properties of the fibers obtained have shown that the coercive force of fibers do not depend on the modifier content, while the residual magnetism increases with the content of the ferromagnetic material. The value of fiber remanence is a fraction of the value of magnetic material remanence, corresponding to its vol. content in fibers. This may indicate that the modifier used is chem. stable in the spinning soln. medium. The thermal anal. of the fibers (DSC and TGA) has shown no neg. effect of the modifiers on the fibers' thermal stability. An undesirable influence of the ferromagnetic compd. on the fibers is the deterioration of their mech. properties.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28Xms1Wrtbg%253D&md5=dbe1cc58361be89bdaf1bfaed2af4e0d
21
Biliuta, G.; Coseri, S. Magnetic Cellulosic Materials Based on TEMPO-Oxidized Viscose Fibers. Cellulose 2016, 23, 3407– 3415, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-016-1082-z
Google Scholar
21
Magnetic cellulosic materials based on TEMPO-oxidized viscose fibers
Biliuta, Gabriela; Coseri, Sergiu
Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2016), 23 (6), 3407-3415CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
A simple method for prepn. of magnetic cellulose fibers by coating (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized viscose with oleic-acid-coated or uncoated, freshly prepd. magnetic nanoparticles (MNp) is presented. MNp attachment was facilitated by chem. activation of the cellulose fibers through introduction of neg. charged carboxylic groups using the well-established TEMPO-mediated oxidn. protocol. The resulting composite materials preserved the intrinsic properties of the cellulose fibers, but gained notable specific features due to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles. The obtained composite materials were characterized using spectral (Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy) and microscopic (SEM) methods. Thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to evaluate the thermal stability of the magnetic fibers. The magnetic properties were evaluated using vibrating-sample magnetometry.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsF2nsL7K&md5=8a9aae5a01a70f471e637f356a6a9918
22
Tarrés, Q.; Deltell, A.; Espinach, F. X.; Pèlach, M. À.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Mutjé, P. Magnetic Bionanocomposites from Cellulose Nanofibers: Fast, Simple and Effective Production Method. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017, 99, 29– 36, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.072
Google Scholar
22
Magnetic bionanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers: Fast, simple and effective production method
Tarres, Quim; Deltell, Alexandre; Espinach, F. Xavier; Pelach, M. Angels; Delgado-Aguilar, Marc; Mutje, Pere
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2017), 99 (), 29-36CODEN: IJBMDR; ISSN:0141-8130. (Elsevier B.V.)
Nanocellulose is becoming a topic of great interest due to its lightwt., huge availability and its interesting properties. Among these properties, it is worthy to distinguish its sp. surface and its strength. Both properties allow producing films with great mech. properties able to retain nanoparticles which can provide the nanopaper of much functionality. Many applications for nanocellulose nanocomposites have been reported, demonstrating the interesting opportunities that this product has in a near future. In this sense, the present work attempts to produce membranes based on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) filled with magnetite nanoparticles with the purpose of developing membranes for loudspeakers. The main advantage of this is the avoiding of the iron core that one can find in any loudspeaker, since the membrane itself acts as that core. Bionanocomposites ranging from 10 to 70% of magnetite nanoparticles were produced by filtration in a nitrocellulose membrane with a pore size of 0,22 μm. Tensile tests showed that mech. properties were decreased as the amt. of magnetite was increased. They were obsd. by FE-SEM to see the interactions between nanoparticles and CNF. Finally, a loudspeaker prototype was developed in order to evaluate the sonorous efficiency of the resulting membranes.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXjtl2isL0%253D&md5=d022a1bf0ba39f6b3c342c74ce7d35d2
23
Sun, N.; Swatloski, R. P.; Maxim, M. L.; Rahman, M.; Harland, A. G.; Haque, A.; Spear, S. K.; Daly, D. T.; Rogers, R. D. Magnetite-Embedded Cellulose Fibers Prepared from Ionic Liquid. J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 283– 290, DOI: 10.1039/b713194a
Google Scholar
23
Magnetite-embedded cellulose fibers prepared from ionic liquid
Sun, Ning; Swatloski, Richard P.; Maxim, Mirela L.; Rahman, Mustafizur; Harland, Adam G.; Haque, Anwarul; Spear, Scott K.; Daly, Daniel T.; Rogers, Robin D.
Journal of Materials Chemistry (2008), 18 (3), 283-290CODEN: JMACEP; ISSN:0959-9428. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
A dry-jet wet spinning process was developed for manuf. of magnetic cellulose fibers using the ionic liq. (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim]Cl) as solvent. Cellulose from different sources with various d.p. was dissolved in the IL, then magnetite particles were dispersed in the soln., and fibers were coagulated in a water bath under appropriate spinning conditions. The mech. properties, thermal stability, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the fibers were correlated to cellulose source and concn. of magnetite. The fiber texture was dependent on overall magnetite concn., and cellulose concn. and mol. wt. in the spinning soln. Increasing d.p. and/or cellulose concn. resulted in more robust fibers, and conversely the addn. of magnetite particles weakened the overall mech. properties of the fibers.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXitVOktw%253D%253D&md5=75cbc446fd4d7ced56e55884932721a6
24
Fukahori, S.; Iguchi, Y.; Ichiura, H.; Kitaoka, T.; Tanaka, H.; Wariishi, H. Effect of Void Structure of Photocatalyst Paper on VOC Decomposition. Chemosphere 2007, 66, 2136– 2141, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.022
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
25
Ngo, Y. H.; Li, D.; Simon, G. P.; Garnier, G. Paper Surfaces Functionalized by Nanoparticles. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 163, 23– 38, DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.01.004
Google Scholar
25
Paper surfaces functionalized by nanoparticles
Ngo, Ying Hui; Li, Dan; Simon, George P.; Garnier, Gil
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (2011), 163 (1), 23-38CODEN: ACISB9; ISSN:0001-8686. (Elsevier B.V.)
A review. Nanomaterials with unique electronic, optical and catalytic properties have recently been at the forefront of research due to their tremendous range of applications. Taking gold, silver and titania nanoparticles as examples, we have reviewed the current research works on paper functionalized by these nanoparticles. The functionalization of paper with only a very small concn. of nanoparticles is able to produce devices with excellent photocatalytic, antibacterial, anti-counterfeiting, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) performances. This review presents a brief overview of the properties of gold, silver and titania nanoparticles which contribute to the major applications of nanoparticles-functionalized paper. Different prepn. methods of the nanoparticles-functionalized paper are reviewed, focusing on their ability to control the morphol. and structure of paper as well as the spatial location and adsorption state of nanoparticles which are crit. in achieving their optimum applications. In addn., main applications of the nanoparticles-functionalized papers are highlighted and their crit. challenges are discussed, followed by perspectives on the future direction in this research field. While a few studies to date have characterized the distribution of nanoparticles on paper substrates, none have yet optimized paper as a nanoparticles' substrate. There remains a strong need to improve understanding on the optimum adsorption state of nanoparticles on paper and the heterogeneity effects of paper on the properties of these nanoparticles.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXjtVGhu70%253D&md5=79f5bf645d302bb9dbb59b1b6ecaaefa
26
Rubacha, M. Thermochromic Cellulose Fibers. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2007, 18, 323– 328, DOI: 10.1002/pat.889
Google Scholar
26
Thermochromic cellulose fibers
Rubacha, Marcin
Polymers for Advanced Technologies (2007), 18 (4), 323-328CODEN: PADTE5; ISSN:1042-7147. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
A method of obtaining thermochrome cellulose fibers was developed based on the Lyocell process, spinning cellulose fibers and Chromicolor AQ-INK, Magenta 27 thermochromic dye from concd. solvents and using the dry-wet method in aq. solidification bath. The solvent used in this process was N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO). Features of fibers contg. 1-10% thermochromic dye were examd. using DSC, optical reflectance, and color measurements vs. compn. as well as measurements of fiber tenacity, modulus and elongation at break vs. dye content.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXkvFCjtb4%253D&md5=92ec976f33d026ca690319b19cd645bf
27
Johnston, J. H.; Kelly, F. M.; Moraes, J.; Borrmann, T.; Flynn, D. Conducting polymer composites with cellulose and protein fibres. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2006, 6, 587– 590, DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2005.11.067
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
28
Agarwal, M.; Lvov, Y.; Varahramyan, K. Conductive Wood Microfibres for Smart Paper through Layer-by-Layer Nanocoating. Nanotechnology 2006, 17, 5319– 5325, DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/006
Google Scholar
28
Conductive wood microfibres for smart paper through layer-by-layer nanocoating
Agarwal, Mangilal; Lvov, Yuri; Varahramyan, Kody
Nanotechnology (2006), 17 (21), 5319-5325CODEN: NNOTER; ISSN:0957-4484. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
A layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) on lignocellulose wood microfibres was used to make conductive fibers and paper. Polycations such as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) were used in alternate deposition with anionic conductive polythiophene (PEDOT-PSS) to construct the multilayer nanofilms on wood microfibres. Current-voltage characterization was measured on single fibers using a Keithley probe measurement system after deposition of every PEDOT-PSS monolayer to study the elec. properties of the coating. The cond. of the microfibres increased linearly with increasing no. of bilayers of PEDOT-PSS/polycation. The measured conductivities of the coated microfibres ranged from 1 to 10 S cm-1. It was also obsd. that the cond. of the fibers (i.e., coating of PEDOT-PSS) depends upon the type of polycations used to alternate with the polythiophene. In this work we have demonstrated successful scale integration from nano to micro and macroscale (nanocoating-microfibres-macropaper) in developing new paper material. The conductive paper that has been produced (and its fabrication method) can be used for the development of smart paper technol. on monitoring of elec., and optical/elec. signals.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXisF2ntQ%253D%253D&md5=50ad5159bcc2783ca55b7943f46b263a
29
Kulpinski, P.; Namyslak, M.; Grzyb, T.; Lis, S. Luminescent cellulose fibers activated by Eu³⁺-doped nanoparticles. Cellulose 2012, 19, 1271– 1278, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-012-9709-1
Google Scholar
29
Luminescent cellulose fibers activated by Eu3+-doped nanoparticles
Kulpinski, Piotr; Namyslak, Marek; Grzyb, Tomasz; Lis, Stefan
Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2012), 19 (4), 1271-1278CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
UV- active cellulose fibers were obtained by dry-wet method spinning an 8 % by wt. α-cellulose soln. in N-methylomorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) modified by europium-doped gadolinium oxyfluoride Gd4O3F6:Eu3+ contg. 5 mol (%) of the dopant. Photoluminescent nanoparticles were introduced in the in powder form into a polymer matrix during the process of cellulose dissoln. in NMMO. The dependencies of emission intensity on excitation energy and the concn. of Gd4O3F6:Eu3+ nanoparticles in the final cellulosic products were examd. by photoluminescence spectroscopy (excitation and emission). The fiber structure was studied by X-ray powder diffraction anal. The size and dispersity of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix were evaluated using SEM and X-ray microanal. The influence of different concn. particles (in the range from 0.5 to 5 % by wt.) on the mech. properties of the fibers, such as tenacity and elongation at break, were detd.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XosFemtbw%253D&md5=3b2eab6172e8dac0bf1db351879ec907
30
Erdman, A.; Kulpinski, P.; Grzyb, T.; Lis, S. Preparation of Multicolor Luminescent Cellulose Fibers Containing Lanthanide Doped Inorganic Nanomaterials. J. Lumin. 2015, 169, 520– 527, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.02.049
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
31
Kulpinski, P.; Erdman, A.; Grzyb, T.; Lis, S. Luminescent Cellulose Fibers Modified with Cerium Fluoride Doped with Terbium Particles. Polym. Compos. 2016, 37, 153– 160, DOI: 10.1002/pc.23166
Google Scholar
31
Luminescent cellulose fibers modified with cerium fluoride doped with terbium particles
Kulpinski, Piotr; Erdman, Aleksandra; Grzyb, Tomasz; Lis, Stefan
Polymer Composites (2016), 37 (1), 153-160CODEN: PCOMDI; ISSN:0272-8397. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
This article describes UV-active cellulose fibers obtained by dry-wet spinning method. The fibers have been formed from an 8% by wt. cellulose soln. in N-methylomorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) modified by Ce0.85Tb0.15F3 nanocrystals. The modifier was synthesized by wet chem. method, copptn. approach. The host was chosen as the most promising one for the green emitting Tb3+ ions. Photoluminescent nanoparticles were introduced into the polymer matrix during the process of dissolving cellulose in NMMO. The modifier occurred in the form of white paste, consisting of luminescent nanoparticles dispersed in glycerin. The dependencies between the concn. of nanocrystals, emission intensity, and excitation energy of the final cellulosic luminescent products were examd. by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The size and structure of Ce0.85Tb0.15F3 nanocrystals were studied by X-ray powder diffraction anal. The dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix was evaluated using SEM and transmission electron microscopy. The real content of luminescent nanocrystals in the fibers was estd. as well. The influence of different concns. of modifier particles (in the range from 0.5 to 5% by wt.) on the mech. properties of the fibers was detd.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXht1GqsbrK&md5=b8b1245e06c002369f01546a1e21333b
32
Shi, C.; Hou, X.; Li, X.; Ge, M. Preparation and Characterization of Persistent Luminescence of Regenerated Cellulose Fiber. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2017, 28, 1015– 1021, DOI: 10.1007/s10854-016-5622-y
Google Scholar
32
Preparation and characterization of persistent luminescence of regenerated cellulose fiber
Shi, Chen; Hou, Xuebin; Li, Xiaoqiang; Ge, Mingqiao
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics (2017), 28 (1), 1015-1021CODEN: JSMEEV; ISSN:0957-4522. (Springer)
Persistent luminescence of regenerated cellulose was successfully prepd. via wet-spinning from NaOH/thiourea/urea aq. solvent system. The morphologies, phase structures, mech. and luminescent properties of the prepd. fibers were characterized by SEM, fluorescence microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tester, photoluminescence spectroscopy and brightness meter, resp. Moreover, the effect of concn. of luminescence phosphors was investigated. The SEM images indicated that the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ particles (10 wt%, av. size of 6 μm) were uniformly incorporated in the cellulose fibers, which provide the fibers with smooth surface. The XRD results show that the prepd. composite fibers had a typical cryst. structure of cellulose II and SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+. Interestingly, the presence of 8 % phosphors in fibers' matrix had no neg. influence on tenacity. Nevertheless, with the increasing of the concn. of particles from 8 to 12 %,the tenacity and the elongation at break tends to decrease. The luminescent properties indicated that luminous fiber exhibited a yellow-green emission band with a max. of 520 nm originating from SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+. Decay curves of the composite fiber have a similar tendency with SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ pure powder, but slightly longer decay tended than the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ particles.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVegs7jO&md5=45a7dfdafe62353b7ec0538d57b412d5
33
Ng, P. F.; Bai, G.; Si, L.; Lee, K. I.; Hao, J.; Xin, J. H.; Fei, B. Highly Phosphorescent Hollow Fibers Inner-Coated with Tungstate Nanocrystals. Mater. Res. Express 2017, 4, 125029, DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aa8ebd
Google Scholar
33
Highly phosphorescent hollow fibers inner-coated with tungstate nanocrystals
Ng, Pui Fai; Bai, Gongxun; Si, Liping; Lee, Ka I.; Hao, Jianhua; Xin, John H.; Fei, Bin
Materials Research Express (2017), 4 (12), 125029/1-125029/8CODEN: MREAC3; ISSN:2053-1591. (IOP Publishing Ltd.)
In order to develop luminescent microtubes from natural fibers, a facile biomimetic mineralization method was designed to introduce the CaWO4-based nanocrystals into kapok lumens. The structure, compn., and luminescence properties of resultant fibers were investigated with microscopes, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric anal., and fluorescence spectrometry. The yield of tungstate crystals inside kapok was significantly promoted with a process at high temp. and pressure-the hydrothermal treatment. The tungstate crystals grown on the inner wall of kapok fibers showed the same crystal structure with those naked powders, but smaller in crystal size. The resultant fiber assemblies demonstrated reduced phosphorescence intensity in comparison to the naked tungstate powders. However, the fibers gave more stable luminescence than the naked powders in wet condition. This approach explored the possibility of decorating natural fibers with high load of nanocrystals, hinting potential applications in anti-counterfeit labels, security textiles, and even flexible and soft optical devices.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhsFyms7zF&md5=57d0bff3870f7ace2ff04e1e0bf99b90
34
Yao, J.; Ji, P.; Wang, B.; Wang, H.; Chen, S. Color-Tunable Luminescent Macrofibers Based on CdTe QDs-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers for PH and Glucose Sensing. Sens. Actuators, B 2018, 254, 110– 119, DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.071
Google Scholar
34
Color-tunable luminescent macrofibers based on CdTe QDs-loaded bacterial cellulose nanofibers for pH and glucose sensing
Yao, Jingjing; Ji, Peng; Wang, Baoxiu; Wang, Huaping; Chen, Shiyan
Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical (2018), 254 (), 110-119CODEN: SABCEB; ISSN:0925-4005. (Elsevier B.V.)
The incorporation of quantum dots into the nanoscale host matrixes and assembly of fluorescent building blocks with well-organized structure are crit. for the prepn. of highly sensitive sensor device. Color-tunable luminescent macrofibers were obtained using wet spinning by assembling CdTe-loaded bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers onto one-dimensional structure. BC nanofibers are able to integrate luminescent properties of CdTe QDs and extend their advantages to fiber-based structures. The luminescent macrofibers with green, yellow and orange fluorescence could be tuned easily by controlling the size of CdTe QDs. This luminescent material with moderate oriented nanofibers was used to detect pH and glucose. The resulting macrofibers exhibited a sigmoidal dependence with pH and high sensitivity to glucose concns. The detection limit of glucose is 0.026 mM, and the response range and sensitivity of the enzyme-modified macrofibers can be regulated through changing the reaction time which is suitable for different situations. Furthermore, the assay did not require addn. of external reagents because all components were deposited onto the fiber substrate. The comparison with commercialized glucose meter indicated that this system is reliable and suitable for practical application. The paper would provide a new platform for the fabrication of fiber-based biosensor based on BC nanofibers, possessing great potential for the development of flexible and wearable biosensing devices.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXht1WrtrrJ&md5=0d0741c9ef96ab633405a93c0d39b073
35
Junka, K.; Guo, J.; Filpponen, I.; Laine, J.; Rojas, O. J. Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Luminescent Carbon Dots. Biomacromolecules 2014, 15, 876– 881, DOI: 10.1021/bm4017176
Google Scholar
35
Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Luminescent Carbon Dots
Junka, Karoliina; Guo, Jiaqi; Filpponen, Ilari; Laine, Janne; Rojas, Orlando J.
Biomacromolecules (2014), 15 (3), 876-881CODEN: BOMAF6; ISSN:1525-7797. (American Chemical Society)
Films and hydrogels consisting of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were modified by covalent EDC/NHS coupling of luminescent, water-dispersible carbon dots (CDs). Quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to investigate the attachment of CDs on carboxymethylated CNF (CM-CNF). As the first reported use of CD in nanocellulose products, we provide proof-of-concept for the synthesis of transparent and fluorescent nanopaper and for its tunable luminescence as confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhtFyisLo%253D&md5=51a275eac8187aa05f39d6c259ba0f52
36
Tang, Z.; Kotov, N. A.; Giersig, M. Spontaneous Organization of Single CdTe Nanoparticles into Luminescent Nanowires. Science 2002, 297, 237– 240, DOI: 10.1126/science.1072086
Google Scholar
36
Spontaneous organization of single CdTe nanoparticles into luminescent nanowires
Tang, Zhiyong; Kotov, Nicholas A.; Giersig, Michael
Science (Washington, DC, United States) (2002), 297 (5579), 237-240CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
Nanoparticles of CdTe were found to spontaneously reorganize into cryst. nanowires upon controlled removal of the protective shell of org. stabilizer. The intermediate step in the nanowire formation was found to be pearl-necklace aggregates. Strong dipole-dipole interaction is believed to be the driving force of nanoparticle self-organization. The linear aggregates subsequently recrystd. into nanowires whose diam. was detd. by the diam. of the nanoparticles. The produced nanowires have high aspect ratio, uniformity, and optical activity. These findings demonstrate the collective behavior of nanoparticles as well as a convenient, simple technique for prodn. of one-dimensional semiconductor colloids suitable for subsequent processing into quantum-confined superstructures, materials, and devices.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38XlsVCns7g%253D&md5=8332407e0f235f347a4416903e0debbd
37
Buzea, C.; Pacheco, I. I.; Robbie, K. Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity. Biointerphases 2007, 2, MR17– MR71, DOI: 10.1116/1.2815690
Google Scholar
37
Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity
Buzea Cristina; Pacheco Ivan I; Robbie Kevin
Biointerphases (2007), 2 (4), MR17-71 ISSN:.
This review is presented as a common foundation for scientists interested in nanoparticles, their origin,activity, and biological toxicity. It is written with the goal of rationalizing and informing public health concerns related to this sometimes-strange new science of "nano," while raising awareness of nanomaterials' toxicity among scientists and manufacturers handling them.We show that humans have always been exposed to tiny particles via dust storms, volcanic ash, and other natural processes, and that our bodily systems are well adapted to protect us from these potentially harmful intruders. There ticuloendothelial system, in particular, actively neutralizes and eliminates foreign matter in the body,including viruses and nonbiological particles. Particles originating from human activities have existed for millennia, e.g., smoke from combustion and lint from garments, but the recent development of industry and combustion-based engine transportation has profoundly increased an thropogenic particulate pollution. Significantly, technological advancement has also changed the character of particulate pollution, increasing the proportion of nanometer-sized particles--"nanoparticles"--and expanding the variety of chemical compositions. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between particulate air pollution levels, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, various cancers, and mortality. Adverse effects of nanoparticles on human health depend on individual factors such as genetics and existing disease, as well as exposure, and nanoparticle chemistry, size, shape,agglomeration state, and electromagnetic properties. Animal and human studies show that inhaled nanoparticles are less efficiently removed than larger particles by the macrophage clearance mechanisms in the lungs, causing lung damage, and that nanoparticles can translocate through the circulatory, lymphatic, and nervous systems to many tissues and organs, including the brain. The key to understanding the toxicity of nanoparticles is that their minute size, smaller than cells and cellular organelles, allows them to penetrate these basic biological structures, disrupting their normal function.Examples of toxic effects include tissue inflammation, and altered cellular redox balance toward oxidation, causing abnormal function or cell death. The manipulation of matter at the scale of atoms,"nanotechnology," is creating many new materials with characteristics not always easily predicted from current knowledge. Within the nearly limitless diversity of these materials, some happen to be toxic to biological systems, others are relatively benign, while others confer health benefits. Some of these materials have desirable characteristics for industrial applications, as nanostructured materials often exhibit beneficial properties, from UV absorbance in sunscreen to oil-less lubrication of motors.A rational science-based approach is needed to minimize harm caused by these materials, while supporting continued study and appropriate industrial development. As current knowledge of the toxicology of "bulk" materials may not suffice in reliably predicting toxic forms of nanoparticles,ongoing and expanded study of "nanotoxicity" will be necessary. For nanotechnologies with clearly associated health risks, intelligent design of materials and devices is needed to derive the benefits of these new technologies while limiting adverse health impacts. Human exposure to toxic nanoparticles can be reduced through identifying creation-exposure pathways of toxins, a study that may someday soon unravel the mysteries of diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Reduction in fossil fuel combustion would have a large impact on global human exposure to nanoparticles, as would limiting deforestation and desertification.While nanotoxicity is a relatively new concept to science, this review reveals the result of life's long history of evolution in the presence of nanoparticles, and how the human body, in particular, has adapted to defend itself against nanoparticulate intruders.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC3c3ptVamtA%253D%253D&md5=7c2d5d5ab6c65b6f9c7123f18e64e4a1
38
Roduner, E. Introduction. Nanoscopic Materials; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2006; pp 1– 4.
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
39
Runowski, M.; Lis, S. Synthesis, surface modification/decoration of luminescent-magnetic core/shell nanomaterials, based on the lanthanide doped fluorides (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LnF₃). J. Lumin. 2016, 170, 484– 490, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.05.037
Google Scholar
39
Synthesis, surface modification/decoration of luminescent-magnetic core/shell nanomaterials, based on the lanthanide doped fluorides (Fe3O4/SiO2/NH2/PAA/LnF3)
Runowski, Marcin; Lis, Stefan
Journal of Luminescence (2016), 170 (Part_2), 484-490CODEN: JLUMA8; ISSN:0022-2313. (Elsevier B.V.)
The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (10-15 nm) were successfully coated with amine modified silica nanoshell, which led to the formation of core/shell type nanostructures (30-50 nm). The as-prepd. nanoparticles were surface modified with polyacrylic acid (PAA) via electrostatic interactions of -NH2 and -COOH groups. Afterwards, the surface PAA mols. acted as complexing agents of the introduced lanthanide (Ln3+) ions. Subsequently, the as-prepd. nanostructures were surface decorated with luminescent LnF3 nanoparticles, forming Eu3+ or Tb3+ doped Fe3O4/SiO2/NH2/PAA/LnF3 nanomaterials (50-100 nm). The obtained luminescent-magnetic products exhibited simultaneously bright red or green emission under UV lamp irradn. (λex=254 nm), and a response for the applied magnetic field (strong magnet attracts the colloidal particles, dispersed in aq. medium). After the synthesis, properties of the nanomaterials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IR spectroscopy (IR) and spectrofluorometry (anal. of excitation/emission spectra and luminescence decay curves). Such advanced nanomaterials can be potentially used in multimodal imaging, targeted therapies and as multifunctional contrast agents, novel luminescent-magnetic tracers, protection of documents, etc.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXptlyjsrw%253D&md5=3db1796515fcc632f84bf119ca2e2a8e
40
Bünzli, J.-C. G.; Piguet, C. Taking Advantage of Luminescent Lanthanide Ions. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2005, 34, 1048– 1077, DOI: 10.1039/b406082m
Google Scholar
40
Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions
Bunzli, Jean-Claude G.; Piguet, Claude
Chemical Society Reviews (2005), 34 (12), 1048-1077CODEN: CSRVBR; ISSN:0306-0012. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
A review. Lanthanide ions possess fascinating optical properties and their discovery, 1st industrial uses and present high technol. applications are largely governed by their interaction with light. Lighting devices (economical luminescent lamps, light emitting diodes), television and computer displays, optical fibers, optical amplifiers, lasers, as well as responsive luminescent stains for biomedical anal., medical diagnosis, and cell imaging rely heavily on lanthanide ions. This crit. review was tailored for a broad audience of chemists, biochemists and materials scientists; the basics of lanthanide photophysics are highlighted together with the synthetic strategies used to insert these ions into mono- and polymetallic mol. edifices. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials, including liq. crystals, and in the control of luminescent properties in polymetallic assemblies are also presented. (210 refs.).
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXht1Squ7zF&md5=f95796d65766bd399498f70cbd582cb1
41
Montgomery, C. P.; Murray, B. S.; New, E. J.; Pal, R.; Parker, D. Cell-Penetrating Metal Complex Optical Probes: Targeted and Responsive Systems Based on Lanthanide Luminescence. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 925– 937, DOI: 10.1021/ar800174z
Google Scholar
41
Cell-Penetrating Metal Complex Optical Probes: Targeted and Responsive Systems Based on Lanthanide Luminescence
Montgomery, Craig P.; Murray, Benjamin S.; New, Elizabeth J.; Pal, Robert; Parker, David
Accounts of Chemical Research (2009), 42 (7), 925-937CODEN: ACHRE4; ISSN:0001-4842. (American Chemical Society)
A review. To understand better the structure and function of biol. systems, cell biologists and biochemists would like to have methods that minimally perturb living systems. The development of emissive optical probes is essential for improving the observation of intracellular signaling and recognition processes. Following excitation of the probe, photons emitted from the probe may be obsd. by spectroscopy or microscopy and encode information about their environments in their energy, lifetime, and polarization. Such optical probes may be based on org. fluorophores, quantum dots, recombinant proteins, or emissive metal complexes. In this Account, the authors trace the emergence of lanthanide coordination complexes as emissive optical probes. These probes benefit from sharp emission bands and long lifetimes. These complexes can be designed to report on the concn. of key biochem. variables by modulation of spectral form, lifetime, or circular polarization. These properties allow the application of ratiometric methods of anal. in spectroscopy or microscopy to report on local pH, pM (M = Ca, Zn), or the concn. of certain anionic metabolites, such as citrate, lactate, bicarbonate, or urate. For optical microscopy studies in living cells, these probes must be cell-permeable and, ideally, should localize in a given cell organelle. The authors undertook systematic studies of more than 60 emissive complexes, examg. the time dependence of cellular uptake and compartmentalization, cellular toxicity, protein affinity, and quenching sensitivity. These results and their relation to probe structure have allowed the authors to identify certain structure-activity relationships. The nature and linkage mode of the integral sensitizing group - introduced to harvest incident light efficiently - is of primary importance in detg. protein affinity and cellular uptake and trafficking. In many cases, uptake may occur via macropinocytosis. The authors have defined three main classes of behavior: complexes exhibit predominant localization profiles in protein-rich regions (nucleoli/ribosomes), in cellular mitochondria, or in endosomes/lysosomes. Therefore, these systems offer considerable promise as intracellular optical probes, amenable to single- or two-photon excitation, that may report on the local ionic compn. of living cells subjected to differing environmental stresses.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhtlehu7c%253D&md5=6a3853f1e20a040d12cd7f6e8cdafc8a
42
Bettencourt-Dias, A. Small Molecule Luminescent Lanthanide Ion Complexes - Photophysical Characterization and Recent Developments. Curr. Org. Chem. 2007, 11, 1460– 1480, DOI: 10.2174/138527207782418735
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
43
Qin, X.; Liu, X.; Huang, W.; Bettinelli, M.; Liu, X. Lanthanide-Activated Phosphors Based on 4f-5d Optical Transitions: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 4488– 4527, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00691
Google Scholar
43
Lanthanide-Activated Phosphors Based on 4f-5d Optical Transitions: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects
Qin, Xian; Liu, Xiaowang; Huang, Wei; Bettinelli, Marco; Liu, Xiaogang
Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2017), 117 (5), 4488-4527CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
A review. Recent progress in developing methods for prepg. lanthanide-activated phosphors, esp. those featuring 4f-5d optical transitions, is discussed. Particular attention will be devoted to 2 widely studied dopants, Ce3+ and Eu2+. The nature of the 4f-5d transition is examd. by combining phenomenol. theories with quantum mech. calcns. An emphasis is placed on the correlation of host crystal structures with the 5d-4f luminescence characteristics of lanthanides, including quantum yield, emission color, decay rate, and thermal quenching behavior. Several parameters, Debye temp. and dielec. const. of the host crystal, geometrical structure of coordination polyhedron around the luminescent center, and the accurate energies of 4f and 5d levels, as well as the position of 4f and 5d levels relative to the valence and conduction bands of the hosts, are addressed as basic criteria for high-throughput computational design of lanthanide-activated phosphors.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXjtlKhsb8%253D&md5=3a435b54e5b0b762345f2a09b08ffaa7
44
Zhang, W.; Shen, Y.; Liu, M.; Gao, P.; Pu, H.; Fan, L.; Jiang, R.; Liu, Z.; Shi, F.; Lu, H. Sub-10 Nm Water-Dispersible β-NaGdF₄: X%Eu³⁺ Nanoparticles with Enhanced Biocompatibility for in Vivo X-Ray Luminescence Computed Tomography. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 39985– 39993, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11295
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
45
Runowski, M.; Marciniak, J.; Grzyb, T.; Przybylska, D.; Shyichuk, A.; Barszcz, B.; Katrusiak, A.; Lis, S. Lifetime nanomanometry - high-pressure luminescence of up-converting lanthanide nanocrystals - SrF₂:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 16030– 16037, DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04353h
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
46
Wang, C.; Zhou, T.; Jiang, J.; Geng, H.; Ning, Z.; Lai, X.; Bi, J.; Gao, D. Multicolor Tunable Luminescence Based on Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺ Doping through a Facile Hydrothermal Route. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 26184– 26190, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07172
Google Scholar
46
Multicolor Tunable Luminescence Based on Tb3+/Eu3+ Doping through a Facile Hydrothermal Route
Wang, Chao; Zhou, Ting; Jiang, Jing; Geng, Huiyuan; Ning, Zhanglei; Lai, Xin; Bi, Jian; Gao, Daojiang
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2017), 9 (31), 26184-26190CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
Ln3+-doped fluoride is a far efficient material for realizing multicolor emission, which plays an important part in full-color displays, biolabeling, and MRI. However, studies on the multicolor tuning properties of Ln3+-doped fluoride are mainly concd. on a complicated process using three or more dopants, and the principle of energy transfer mechanism is still unclear. Herein, multicolor tunable emission is successfully obtained only by codoping with Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions in β-NaGdF4 submicrocrystals via a facile hydrothermal route. Our work reveals that various emission colors can be obtained and tuned from red, orange-red, pink, and blue-green to green under single excitation energy via codoping Tb3+ and Eu3+ with rationally changed Eu3+/Tb3+ molar ratio due to the energy transfer between Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions in the β-NaGdF4 host matrix. Meanwhile, the energy transfer mechanism in β-NaGdF4: x Eu3+/y Tb3+ (x + y = 5 mol %) submicrocrystals is investigated. Our results evidence the potential of the dopants' distribution d. as an effective way for analyzing energy transfer and multicolor-controlled mechanism in other rare earth fluoride luminescence materials. Discussions on the multicolor luminescence under a certain dopant concn. based on single host and wavelength excitation are essential toward the goal of the practical applications in the field of light display systems and optoelectronic devices.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhtFyqtr%252FO&md5=5780b8ab0b4fe594a1df9981e678a488
47
Gai, S.; Li, C.; Yang, P.; Lin, J. Recent Progress in Rare Earth Micro/Nanocrystals: Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescent Properties, and Biomedical Applications. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 2343– 2389, DOI: 10.1021/cr4001594
Google Scholar
47
Recent Progress in Rare Earth Micro/Nanocrystals: Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescent Properties, and Biomedical Applications
Gai, Shili; Li, Chunxia; Yang, Piaoping; Lin, Jun
Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2014), 114 (4), 2343-2389CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
A review. The authors describe the basic concepts and theories on rare earth (RE) luminescence. The methods for luminescence tuning and enhancement are discussed. The authors summarize the controllable synthesis of RE nanoparticles (NPs)/microparticles by soft chem. routes in detail, including the thermal decompn. method, hydro-/solvothermal method, copptn. method, sol-gel process, microemulsion method, microwave-assisted method, and ionic-liq.-based synthesis. Emphases is placed on finding general rules in every reaction system in order to guide material synthesis. The strategies for hydrophilic modification and bio-conjugation of RE NPs, as well as their toxicity, are presented. Recent research progress on biomedical applications, including imaging and clin. therapy, is highlighted.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvFCrsLjM&md5=ea79b93078f7e0bae44b0d43e2eed042
48
Stanicki, D.; Elst, L. V.; Muller, R. N.; Laurent, S. Synthesis and Processing of Magnetic Nanoparticles. Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 2015, 8, 7– 14, DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2015.01.003
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
49
Khan, K.; Rehman, S.; Rahman, H. U.; Khan, Q. Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles. In Nanomagnetism; Estevez, M. G., Ed.; One Central Press, 2014; pp 135– 159.
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
50
Laurent, S.; Forge, D.; Port, M.; Roch, A.; Robic, C.; Vander Elst, L.; Muller, R. N. Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2064– 2110, DOI: 10.1021/cr068445e
Google Scholar
50
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications
Laurent, Sophie; Forge, Delphine; Port, Marc; Roch, Alain; Robic, Caroline; Vander Elst, Luce; Muller, Robert N.
Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2008), 108 (6), 2064-2110CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
A review. In this review, we summarize the chem. routes for the synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (classic synthesis by pptn., high-temp. reactions, reactions in steric environments, sol-gel reactions, decompn. of organometallic precursors, polyol methods, etc.), fluid stabilization (using electrostatic layer or sterical repulsion), surface modification for grafting biomols. (different methods of particle vectorization), the different techniques for structural and physicochem. characterization [photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), magnetometry and relaxivity profiles (NMRD curves), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and X-ray diffraction (XRD)], and we give some biomedical applications (MRI, cellular targeting, hyperthermia, in vitro biosepn., etc.). At the present time, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are routinely used as contrast agents for targeting organs (liver and spleen) or lymph nodes. New developments are focused on targeting through mol. imaging and cell tracking. A challenge is the functionalization of nanoparticle surfaces. Another challenge is the synthesis of stealth nanoparticles able to circulate in the blood compartment for a prolonged time and bearing ligands able to facilitate their specific internalization in tumor cells. This review, on the other hand, constitutes a more complete view of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. It includes greater emphasis on synthesis and characterization, delves into all physicochem. properties, and gives some examples of biomedical applications in the field of mol. imaging and cell targeting.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXmvFCjtb0%253D&md5=31f03a88799a26f5fdec46c635876b3c
51
Fleet, M. E. The Structure of Magnetite. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1981, 37, 917– 920, DOI: 10.1107/s0567740881004597
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
52
Markides, H.; Rotherham, M.; El Haj, A. J. Biocompatibility and Toxicity of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine. J. Nanomater. 2012, 2012, 1– 11, DOI: 10.1155/2012/614094
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
53
Revia, R. A.; Zhang, M. Magnetite Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Treatment Monitoring: Recent Advances. Mater. Today 2016, 19, 157– 168, DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2015.08.022
Google Scholar
53
Magnetite nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and treatment monitoring: recent advances
Revia, Richard A.; Zhang, Miqin
Materials Today (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2016), 19 (3), 157-168CODEN: MTOUAN; ISSN:1369-7021. (Elsevier Ltd.)
A review. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) for use in all facets of oncol. disease detection and therapy has shown great progress over the past two decades. NPs have been tailored for use as contrast enhancement agents for imaging, drug delivery vehicles, and most recently as a therapeutic component in initiating tumor cell death in magnetic and photonic ablation therapies. Of the many possible core constituents of NPs, such as gold, silver, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, manganese oxide, lipids, micelles, etc., iron oxide (or magnetite) based NPs have been extensively investigated due to their excellent superparamagnetic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. This review addresses recent applications of magnetite NPs in diagnosis, treatment, and treatment monitoring of cancer. Finally, some views will be discussed concerning the toxicity and clin. translation of iron oxide NPs and the future outlook of NP development to facilitate multiple therapies in a single formulation for cancer theranostics.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhsFWntr%252FF&md5=fea8d3150c8e02065dbe316e423634f8
54
Catalano, E.; Miola, M.; Ferraris, S.; Novak, S.; Oltolina, F.; Cochis, A.; Prat, M.; Vernè, E.; Rimondini, L.; Follenzi, A. Magnetite and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles are highly biocompatible on endothelial cellsin vitro. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express 2017, 3, 025015, DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa62cc
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
55
Goderski, S.; Runowski, M.; Stopikowska, N.; Lis, S. Luminescent-plasmonic effects in GdPO₄:Eu³⁺ nanorods covered with silver nanoparticles. J. Lumin. 2017, 188, 24– 30, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.04.008
Google Scholar
55
Luminescent-plasmonic effects in GdPO4:Eu3+ nanorods covered with silver nanoparticles
Goderski, Szymon; Runowski, Marcin; Stopikowska, Natalia; Lis, Stefan
Journal of Luminescence (2017), 188 (), 24-30CODEN: JLUMA8; ISSN:0022-2313. (Elsevier B.V.)
Luminescent-plasmonic, core/shell type GdPO4:Eu3+/SiO2/NH2/Ag nanomaterials, with elongated, rod-like morphol. were successfully synthesized. The Eu3+-doped GdPO4 nanorods prepd. via hydrothermal synthesis route were surface modified by coating with amine modified silica shell. The as-prepd. luminescent core/shell nanostructures were impregnated with AgNO3 soln., followed by Ag+→Ag° redn. with NaBH4 soln., forming small silver nanoparticles (NPs) attached to the external silica shell. The obtained multifunctional nanomaterials showed simultaneously bright red emission, under UV light irradiations and plasmonic activity originating from the surface Ag NPs. The plasmonic phase influenced on spectroscopic properties of the products, altering the shape of the excitation and emission spectra (changing bands intensity and their ratio), as well as shortening the emission lifetimes of the Eu3+ ion. The products synthesized were characterized by the following techniques: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); energy dispersive X-ray anal. (EDX); UV-vis absorption spectroscopy; luminescence spectroscopy, i.e. measurements of excitation and emission spectra, and luminescence decay curves.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXlvFCltbg%253D&md5=b59dc6b1f4c8c3aaea046ae7da20dc66
56
Runowski, M.; Goderski, S.; Paczesny, J.; Księżopolska-Gocalska, M.; Ekner-Grzyb, A.; Grzyb, T.; Rybka, J. D.; Giersig, M.; Lis, S. Preparation of Biocompatible, Luminescent-Plasmonic Core/Shell Nanomaterials Based on Lanthanide and Gold Nanoparticles Exhibiting SERS Effects. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 23788– 23798, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06644
Google Scholar
56
Preparation of Biocompatible, Luminescent-Plasmonic Core/Shell Nanomaterials Based on Lanthanide and Gold Nanoparticles Exhibiting SERS Effects
Runowski, Marcin; Goderski, Szymon; Paczesny, Jan; Ksiezopolska-Gocalska, Monika; Ekner-Grzyb, Anna; Grzyb, Tomasz; Rybka, Jakub D.; Giersig, Michael; Lis, Stefan
Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2016), 120 (41), 23788-23798CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
Multifunctional core/shell type nanomaterials composed of nanocryst., lanthanide doped fluorides and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were successfully prepd. The products were synthesized to combine luminescence properties of the core NPs, i.e. LnF3/SiO2-NH2 and KLn3F10/SiO2-NH2, and plasmonic activity of the shell Au NPs within a single nanomaterial. The luminescent lanthanide NPs (10 or 150-200 nm) were sepd. from the gold NPs (6-30 nm) using an amine modified silica shell (thickness ≈ 30 nm). The synthesized products exhibited bright green (Tb3+) and red (Eu3+) emission under UV light irradn. Surface modification with Au NPs influenced the product emission and luminescence decay characteristics. The luminescent-plasmonic nanomaterials were used as platforms for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid, choline and T4 bacteriophages were utilized as SERS probes. For all synthesized nanomaterials, the SERS spectra for all probes studied exhibited higher intensity in comparison with the spectra measured using a com. SERS substrate. Cytotoxicity of the products was evaluated in fibroblast cells. The results obtained showed biocompatibility of the synthesized nanomaterials in a dose-dependent manner.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsFOktrjE&md5=582115702d009365ad78838380642dda
57
Runowski, M. Color-tunable up-conversion emission of luminescent-plasmonic, core/shell nanomaterials - KY₃F₁₀ :Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺/SiO₂-NH₂/Au. J. Lumin. 2017, 186, 199– 204, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.02.032
Google Scholar
57
Color-tunable up-conversion emission of luminescent-plasmonic, core/shell nanomaterials - KY3F10:Yb3+,Tm3+/SiO2-NH2/Au
Runowski, Marcin
Journal of Luminescence (2017), 186 (), 199-204CODEN: JLUMA8; ISSN:0022-2313. (Elsevier B.V.)
Multifunctional luminescent-plasmonic KY3F10:Yb3+,Tm3+/SiO2-NH2/Au nanomaterials were successfully obtained. The lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized under hydrothermal conditions exhibited bright blue up-conversion luminescence (λex=980 nm). Such lanthanide nanocrystals (20-40 nm) were coated with amine modified silica shell, forming core/shell nanostructures. Their surface was further uniformly covered with ultra-small gold NPs (4-7 nm). The as-prepd. luminescent-plasmonic core/shell nanomaterials exhibited tunable up-conversion emission, due to the interactions between plasmonic and luminescent phases. The emission of Tm3+ ion was affected by the surface Au NPs, which exhibited strong plasmonic absorption in the visible range (450-650 nm). The increasing amt. of the surface Au NPs, led to the significant alterations in a ratio of the Tm3+ emission bands. The NIR band (3H4→3H6) was unchanged, whereas the ratio and relative intensity of the bands in a visible range (1G4→3H6 and 1G4→3F4) was altered. This led to the significant change of the emission spectra shape and influenced color of emission, tuning it from bright blue to blue-violet. The products obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray anal. (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy (excitation/emission spectra and luminescence decay curves).
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXjtlKjsbY%253D&md5=fbee479db7c97685ce6b448e4cac9f0a
58
Szczeszak, A.; Ekner-Grzyb, A.; Runowski, M.; Szutkowski, K.; Mrówczyńska, L.; Kaźmierczak, Z.; Grzyb, T.; Dąbrowska, K.; Giersig, M.; Lis, S. Spectroscopic, Structural and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Luminescent, Lanthanide Doped Core@shell Nanomaterials GdVO₄:Eu³⁺5%@SiO₂@NH₂. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2016, 481, 245– 255, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.025
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
59
Kulpinski, P.; Laszkiewicz, B.; Niekraszewicz, B.; Czarnecki, P.; Rubacha, M.; Peczek, B.; Jedrzejczak, J.; Kozlowski, R.; Mankowski, J. The Method of Making Modified Cellulose Fibers. EP 1601824, 2005.
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
60
Wang, S.; Lu, A.; Zhang, L. Recent Advances in Regenerated Cellulose Materials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2016, 53, 169– 206, DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.07.003
Google Scholar
60
Recent advances in regenerated cellulose materials
Wang, Sen; Lu, Ang; Zhang, Lina
Progress in Polymer Science (2016), 53 (), 169-206CODEN: PRPSB8; ISSN:0079-6700. (Elsevier Ltd.)
The dual threats of the depletion of nonrenewable energy and environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based polymers motivate utilization of naturally occurring polymers to create new materials. Cellulose, as the most abundant natural polymer on earth, has attracted attention due to its renewability, wide availability, low-cost, biocompatibility and biodegradability, etc. Regenerated cellulose may be constructed simply via phys. dissoln. and regeneration, an environmentally friendly process avoiding the consuming of chems. since most of the reagents (solvents, coagulant, etc.) may be recycled and reused. "Green" solvents and techniques for the prepn. of the environmentally friendly regenerated cellulose materials have been developed successfully, showing great potentials in the fields of polymer science and technol.In this article, the widely used non-derivatizing cellulose solvents are summarized, including their dissoln. mechanisms. Regenerated cellulose materials with different functions and properties have been designed and fabricated in different forms, such as filaments, films/membranes, microspheres/beads, hydrogels/aerogels and bioplastics, etc., to meet various demands. The concept of regeneration through a phys. process is illustrated, and a no. of novel regenerated cellulose materials are introduced for wide applications in textiles, packaging, biomedicine, water treatment, optical/elec. devices, agriculture and food, etc. The methodol. of material processing and the resultant properties and functions are also covered in this review, with emphasis on the neat regenerated cellulose materials and the composite materials. The 277 refs. cited concerning the direct prepn. of cellulose materials via phys. dissoln. and regeneration are representative of the wide impact and benefits of the regenerated cellulose materials to society.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtlSlt7vF&md5=2e56f386cb2c0333ad87965fcab7826e
61
Dogan, H.; Hilmioglu, N. D. Dissolution of Cellulose with NMMO by Microwave Heating. Carbohydr. Polym. 2009, 75, 90– 94, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.06.014
Google Scholar
61
Dissolution of cellulose with NMMO by microwave heating
Dogan, Hacer; Hilmioglu, Nilufer Durmaz
Carbohydrate Polymers (2009), 75 (1), 90-94CODEN: CAPOD8; ISSN:0144-8617. (Elsevier Ltd.)
Environmentally friendly microwave heating process was applied to the dissoln. of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) with 105-490 W and 2450 MHz microwave energy until the dissoln. completed. Microwave heating caused the decrease in the dissoln. time and energy consumption. Cellulose/NMMO/water solns. with different cellulose concns. were converted to the membrane to measure the crystallinity and d.p. It was shown that microwave heating with the power of 210 W is an alternative heating system for dissoln. of cellulose in NMMO. The membranes obtained with two different heating methods showed the same crystallinity and d.p. As a result, microwave heating has an advantage in shortening reaction times, compared to conventional heating.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhtFCiu7bI&md5=d5370ee898b5846294ca88c9627fb2ff
62
Righi, S.; Morfino, A.; Galletti, P.; Samorì, C.; Tugnoli, A.; Stramigioli, C. Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessments of cellulose dissolution with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide. Green Chem. 2011, 13, 367– 375, DOI: 10.1039/c0gc00647e
Google Scholar
62
Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessments of cellulose dissolution with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide
Righi, Serena; Morfino, Andrea; Galletti, Paola; Samori, Chiara; Tugnoli, Alessandro; Stramigioli, Carlo
Green Chemistry (2011), 13 (2), 367-375CODEN: GRCHFJ; ISSN:1463-9262. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
The expected environmental impacts of industrial cellulose dissoln. with the ionic liq., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) were analyzed using cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA). To weigh the green-ness of the process, an anal. was performed by comparison with the well established, environment-friendly N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)/water process. Although cellulose dissoln. in BmimCl has not been used for industrial cellulose fiber prodn. to date, LCA results suggested it could be interesting from an environmental viewpoint since its impacts are similar to those of the NMMO/water process. Specifically, the BmimCl process generates a higher environmental load on abiotic resource depletion, volatile org. compd. emissions, and ecotoxicity than the NMMO/water process. Conversely, it has some environmental advantages with regards to human toxicity. In both cellulose dissoln. processes, major contributions to environmental impacts are from precursor syntheses. In addn. to the comparative anal. of these 2 cellulose dissoln. processes, this work reports the complete life cycle inventory of the 2 solvents, BmimCl and NMMO, and their life cycle impact assessment.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXhs1GjtLw%253D&md5=f81c428f8235d3fd57303b6062496af7
63
Fink, H.-P.; Weigel, P.; Purz, H. J.; Ganster, J. Structure Formation of Regenerated Cellulose Materials from NMMO-Solutions. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26, 1473– 1524, DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00025-9
Google Scholar
63
Structure formation of regenerated cellulose materials from NMMO-solutions
Fink, H.-P.; Weigel, P.; Purz, H. J.; Ganster, J.
Progress in Polymer Science (2001), 26 (9), 1473-1524CODEN: PRPSB8; ISSN:0079-6700. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)
A review with 118 refs. is presented. Cellulose (I), as the most abundant re-growing org. material, exhibits outstanding properties and useful applications, but also a tremendous challenge with regard to economical and environmentally friendly chem. processing. In recent years N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)-technol. emerged as a simple phys. alternative to the yet dominating viscose-technol. for producing regenerated I fibers, films, food casings, membranes, sponges, beads, etc. without hazardous byproducts. The state-of-the-art knowledge on structure formation of fibers and films via the NMMO-route, comprising the I-NMMO-water phase system, the state of soln., the dry jet-wet shaping, the pptn., and the drying stages, is discussed. Dissolving pulp, as the starting material, can be dissolved easily without pretreatment in NMMO-monohydrate. The fairly (8-12%) concd. soln. of I in NMMO-monohydrate is characterized by a marked elastic behavior similar to a polymer melt, which can be quantified by rheol. measurements of the storage and loss moduli. As found by light scattering expts. of dild. I-NMMO solns., there exist aggregates of mols., even in the dild. soln., with the no. of mols. corresponding to solid-state morphol. units (crystallites, microfibrils). As shown by WAXS-RDF anal. of the concd. solns. at elevated temp., the typical short-range order of a pure NMMO-water system is only slightly disturbed by the I mols. Fiber formation occurs in a dry jet-wet spinning process, with several phys. factors, e.g. nozzle and air-gap dimensions, draw-down ratio, and take-up speed, and dope characteristics, e.g. cellulose DP and concn., temp., and modifiers, influencing the shaping process and the final fiber properties. The pptn. process was previously shown to be another stage capable of affecting the structure and properties of the fibers as, e.g. by a 2-step pptn. leading to a skin-core structure and improved fiber properties (decreased fibrillation). The NMMO method offers, for the 1st time, the possibility of producing blow-extruded tube-like films similar to the polyolefin blown film processing. The influencing parameters are discussed, and the properties of the new blown cellulosic films are shown to be superior to cellophane. Finally, the structures and properties of the NMMO-type fibers and films have been investigated, and differences between the new materials and the traditional viscose-based fibers and films were shown and related to the different structure formation routes.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3MXoslCjsbg%253D&md5=ca2b3806497799358ae0f2f02dc06430
64
Meister, G.; Wechsler, M. Biodegradation of N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide. Biodegradation 1998, 9, 91– 102, DOI: 10.1023/a:1008264908921
Google Scholar
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
65
Runowski, M.; Lis, S. Synthesis of lanthanide doped CeF₃:Gd³⁺, Sm³⁺ nanoparticles, exhibiting altered luminescence after hydrothermal post-treatment. J. Alloys Compd. 2016, 661, 182– 189, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.182
Google Scholar
65
Synthesis of lanthanide doped CeF3:Gd3+, Sm3+ nanoparticles, exhibiting altered luminescence after hydrothermal post-treatment
Runowski, Marcin; Lis, Stefan
Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2016), 661 (), 182-189CODEN: JALCEU; ISSN:0925-8388. (Elsevier B.V.)
Nanocryst. (≈5-10 nm), lanthanide doped fluorides - CeF3:Gd3+, Sm3+ were prepd. by a simple copptn. method. The as-prepd. nanoparticles were hydrothermally treated, which resulted in increased crystallinity and size of the nanocrystals formed (≈50-100 nm). The pptd. products (before the hydrothermal treatment) exhibited pink luminescence. The hydrothermal post-treatment of the colloidal nanomaterials caused alteration of their luminescence, the emission was tuned from pink to orange. This was because of the increased energy transfer from Ce3+ and Gd3+ ions to the Sm3+ ion (luminescence activator), in larger and better crystd. nanoparticles. The products obtained in the presence of EDTA and citric acid revealed altered morphol., being more homogeneous and monodisperse, as well. The structural and morphol. properties of the nanomaterials synthesized were detd. by powder XRD, TEM and IR spectroscopy (FTIR). Elemental anal., thermogravimetric-DTA (TG-DTA) and energy dispersive x-ray anal. (EDX) confirmed the nanomaterials compn. The luminescence properties of the products were studied based on the recorded excitation/emission spectra and emission-decay curves. Radiative lifetimes and luminescence quantum yields were also detd.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXitVShu7fM&md5=bea23edf28f91947554a15629969a3e0
66
Guo, Q.; Zhao, C.; Jiang, Z.; Liao, L.; Liu, H.; Yang, D.; Mei, L. Novel Emission-Tunable Oxyapatites-Type Phosphors: Synthesis, Luminescent Properties and the Applications in White Light Emitting Diodes with Higher Color Rendering Index. Dyes Pigm. 2017, 139, 361– 371, DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.12.042
Google Scholar
66
Novel emission-tunable oxyapatites-type phosphors: Synthesis, luminescent properties and the applications in white light emitting diodes with higher color rendering index
Guo, Qingfeng; Zhao, Chenglong; Jiang, Zhouqing; Liao, Libing; Liu, Haikun; Yang, Dan; Mei, Lefu
Dyes and Pigments (2017), 139 (), 361-371CODEN: DYPIDX; ISSN:0143-7208. (Elsevier Ltd.)
Developing color-tunable phosphors via the introduction of co-doping activators and sensitizers to the host with energy transfer processes was a state-of-the-art topic for a long time. Novel emission-tunable oxyapatites-type Ba10(PO4)6O:Eu2+,Tb3+/Li+ phosphors were prepd. via a high temp. solid state reaction for the applications in white light emitting diodes (w-LEDs) with higher color rendering index. Tunable colors from blue to green can be realized in the Ba10(PO4)6O:Eu2+, Tb3+/ Li+ by varying the relative ratios of Eu2+ to Tb3+, showing good absorption at 230-400 nm. The energy transfer mechanism from Eu2+ to Tb3+ ions is a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction by combining the Inokuti-Hirayama (I-H) model and Reisfeld's approxn. Importantly, a prototype white lamp was packaged by mixing Ba9.83(PO4)6O:0.03Eu2+,0.07Tb3+,0.07Li+ and com. red phosphor CaAlSiN3: Eu2+, and the lamp exhibits a higher color rendering index (Ra = 92 and R9 = 56) and warm correlated color temp. of 4361 K for the actual application. Better luminescent properties compared to com. Y3Al5O12:Ce3+-based w-LEDs, indicating that Ba10(PO4)6O: Eu2+, Tb3+/Li+ phosphors are emerging as potential phosphor-converted w-LEDs. Crystallog. data are given.
>> More from SciFinder ^®
https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhtVKiuw%253D%253D&md5=ce8538c805ff7a96a4b194a997866cf9

Cited By

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

This article is cited by 27 publications.

Kashmitha Muthamma, Dhanya Sunil. Cellulose as an Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Material for Optical Anticounterfeiting Applications: An Up-to-Date Appraisal. ACS Omega 2022, 7 (47) , 42681-42699. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05547
Szymon Goderski, Shuhei Kanno, Koushi Yoshihara, Hiroaki Komiya, Kenta Goto, Takeshi Tanaka, Shogo Kawaguchi, Ayumi Ishii, Jun-ichi Shimoyama, Miki Hasegawa, Stefan Lis. Lanthanide Luminescence Enhancement of Core–Shell Magnetite–SiO2 Nanoparticles Covered with Chain-Structured Helical Eu/Tb Complexes. ACS Omega 2020, 5 (51) , 32930-32938. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03746
Venkata N. K. B. Adusumalli, Marcin Runowski, Stefan Lis. 3,5-Dihydroxy Benzoic Acid-Capped CaF2:Tb3+ Nanocrystals as Luminescent Probes for the WO42– Ion in Aqueous Solution. ACS Omega 2020, 5 (9) , 4568-4575. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03956
Marcin Runowski, Natalia Stopikowska, Daria Szeremeta, Szymon Goderski, Małgorzata Skwierczyńska, Stefan Lis. Upconverting Lanthanide Fluoride Core@Shell Nanorods for Luminescent Thermometry in the First and Second Biological Windows: β-NaYF4:Yb3+– Er3+@SiO2 Temperature Sensor. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019, 11 (14) , 13389-13396. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00445
Marcin Runowski, Przemysław Woźny, Natalia Stopikowska, Qingfeng Guo, Stefan Lis. Optical Pressure Sensor Based on the Emission and Excitation Band Width (fwhm) and Luminescence Shift of Ce3+-Doped Fluorapatite—High-Pressure Sensing. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019, 11 (4) , 4131-4138. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b19500
Tariq Aziz, Wenlong Li, Jianguo Zhu, Beibei Chen. Developing multifunctional cellulose derivatives for environmental and biomedical applications: Insights into modification processes and advanced material properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2024, 278 , 134695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134695
K. M. S. Dawngliana, S. Rai. Nanoarchitectonics and spectroscopic studies of Pr3+ doped ZnS nanoparticles glasses for visible reddish orange luminescent device applications. Applied Physics A 2024, 130 (7) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07682-6
Jaya Verma, Michal Petru, Saurav Goel. Cellulose based materials to accelerate the transition towards sustainability. Industrial Crops and Products 2024, 210 , 118078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118078
Nina Jaroch, Justyna Czajka, Agata Szczeszak. Luminescent materials with dual-mode excitation and tunable emission color for anti-counterfeiting applications. Scientific Reports 2023, 13 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37608-w
Yuxia Luo, Qingdi Liu, Ping He, Liang Li, Zhao Zhang, Xinping Li, Guochen Bao, Ka‐Leung Wong, Peter A. Tanner, Lijun Jiang. Responsive Regulation of Energy Transfer in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanomaterials Dispersed in Chiral Nematic Structure. Advanced Science 2023, 10 (27) https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303235
Elangbam Chitra Devi, Shougaijam Dorendrajit Singh. Magnetic and photoluminescence properties of rare-earth substituted quaternary spinel ferrite nanoparticles. Ceramics International 2023, 49 (5) , 8409-8416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.11.003
Maria Amela-Cortes, Noée Dumait, Franck Artzner, Stéphane Cordier, Yann Molard. Flexible and Transparent Luminescent Cellulose-Transition Metal Cluster Composites. Nanomaterials 2023, 13 (3) , 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030580
Szymon Goderski, Michał Podpora, Małgorzata Skwierczyńska, Stefan Lis. Preparation and characterization of biluminescent composite nanoparticles based on AuAg nanoclusters and inorganic lanthanide-doped nanophosphors. Journal of Luminescence 2022, 251 , 119174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2022.119174
Tiina Nypelö. Magnetic cellulose: does extending cellulose versatility with magnetic functionality facilitate its use in devices?. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2022, 10 (3) , 805-818. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TC02105B
Meimei Xu, Wanyin Ge, Jindou Shi, Yuanting Wu, Yongxiang Li. Stretchable and flexible Bi2Ti4O11: Yb3+, Er3+ @TPU film stimulated by near infrared for dynamic and multimodal anti-counterfeiting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021, 884 , 161164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161164
Avik De, Sukhen Bala, Sayan Saha, Krishna Sundar Das, Sohel Akhtar, Amit Adhikary, Arijit Ghosh, Guo-Zhang Huang, Srijita Paul Chowdhuri, Benu Brata Das, Ming-Liang Tong, Raju Mondal. Lanthanide clusters of phenanthroline containing a pyridine–pyrazole based ligand: magnetism and cell imaging. Dalton Transactions 2021, 50 (10) , 3593-3609. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0DT04122J
Raul Barbosa, Santosh K. Gupta, Bhupendra B. Srivastava, Alexa Villarreal, Heriberto De Leon, Manuel Peredo, Saptasree Bose, Karen Lozano. Bright and persistent green and red light-emitting fine fibers: A potential candidate for smart textiles. Journal of Luminescence 2021, 231 , 117760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117760
Yongsheng Xu, Binbin Yao, Erwei Wang, Ying Guo, Yinbo Fan, Qiliang Cui. Synthesis and physical property of GaN:Mn nanoparticles. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 2021, 126 , 114445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2020.114445
Agata Szczeszak, Małgorzata Skwierczyńska, Dominika Przybylska, Marcin Runowski, Emilia Śmiechowicz, Aleksandra Erdman, Olena Ivashchenko, Tomasz Grzyb, Stefan Lis, Piotr Kulpiński, Konrad Olejnik. Upconversion luminescence in cellulose composites (fibres and paper) modified with lanthanide-doped SrF 2 nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2020, 8 (34) , 11922-11928. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC02050H
Yanfang Zhao, Ailing Wang, Jie Kang, Haibin Chu, Haixia Zhang, Yongliang Zhao. Factors affecting the metal-enhanced luminescence of lanthanide complexes by Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2020, 400 , 112678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112678
Małgorzata Skwierczyńska, Przemysław Woźny, Marcin Runowski, Marcin Perzanowski, Piotr Kulpiński, Stefan Lis. Bifunctional magnetic-upconverting luminescent cellulose fibers for anticounterfeiting purposes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2020, 829 , 154456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154456
Marcin Runowski, Natalia Stopikowska, Stefan Lis. UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of lanthanide oxides and fluorides. Dalton Transactions 2020, 49 (7) , 2129-2137. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9DT04921E
Zhenyun Zhao, Jing Zhou, Ming Lu, Hang Xiao, Yiping Liu. Cellulose micro-dissolution by N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as a facile route for magnetic functional cotton textiles. Cellulose 2020, 27 (3) , 1817-1828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02905-z
Giada Truccolo, Rhiannon E. Boseley, Simon W. Lewis, William J. Gee. Forensic applications of rare earths: Anticounterfeiting materials and latent fingerprint developers. 2020, 45-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hpcre.2020.07.001
Marcin Runowski, Przemysław Woźny, Inocencio R. Martín, Víctor Lavín, Stefan Lis. Praseodymium doped YF3:Pr3+ nanoparticles as optical thermometer based on luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) – Studies in visible and NIR range. Journal of Luminescence 2019, 214 , 116571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116571
Nargess Yousefi Limaee, Shohre Rouhani, Mohammad Ebrahim Olya, Farhood Najafi. Selective 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid optosensor employing a polyethersulfone nanofiber-coated fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer. Polymer 2019, 177 , 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.067
Przemysław Woźny, Marcin Runowski, Stefan Lis. Emission color tuning and phase transition determination based on high-pressure up-conversion luminescence in YVO4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles. Journal of Luminescence 2019, 209 , 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.02.008

Download PDF

Get e-Alerts

ACS Omega

Cite this: ACS Omega 2018, 3, 8, 10383–10390

Click to copy citationCitation copied!

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00965

Published August 31, 2018

Request reuse permissions

Article Views

Altmetric

Citations

Learn about these metrics

Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.

Abstract
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 1
Figure 1. Powder XRD patterns of the Fe₃O₄; LnF₃:Tb³⁺; Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺; unmodified and modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ fibers (a); powder XRD patterns of the Fe₃O₄; LnF₃:Eu³⁺; Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺; unmodified and modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ fibers (b); TEM images of Fe₃O₄ (c), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂ (d), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (e), and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (f); photographs of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (g,h) and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (i,j), taken before (g,i) and after (h,j) magnet capture, under UV light (λ_ex = 254 nm).
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 2
Figure 2. SEM images—overview (a1,b1), surface (a2,b2), and cross section (a3,b3) of the cellulose fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (a1–a3) and Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (b1–b3).
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 3
Figure 3. EDX mapping of the modified cellulose fibers (a—with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and b—with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺). Field of view (a1,b1); EDX mapping of oxygen—shown as green (a2,b2); silicon—violet (a3,b3); cerium—yellow (a4); and lanthanum—blue (b4).
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 4
Figure 4. Luminescence of the synthesized fibers: (a,b) fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺, (c,d) with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺; taken in daylight (a,c) and under ultraviolet light irradiation, λ_ex = 254 nm (b,d).
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 5
Figure 5. Excitation (a,c) and emission (b,d) spectra of the prepared materials: a,b—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ and fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺, c,d—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ and fibers modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺.
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 6
Figure 6. Luminescence decay curves of the synthesized materials.
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 7
Figure 7. Magnetic field dependence of magnetization at temperatures of 300 K for the core/shell NPs—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂ (black), modifiers—Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (green), Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺ (red) (a), unmodified fibers (blue), fiber modified with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Tb³⁺ (green) and with Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/LnF₃:Eu³⁺(pink) (b); ZFC/FC curves of the modifiers (c) and modified fibers (d).
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Figure 8
Figure 8. Scheme of the formation of the luminescent–magnetic cellulose fibers (a); photographs of the luminescent–magnetic fibers captured by a neodymium magnet, taken in daylight (b) and under UV light, λ_ex = 254 nm (c); images of a glove with a pattern sewn with a luminescent–magnetic thread, taken in daylight (d) and under UV light, λ_ex = 254 nm (e).
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
References
This article references 66 other publications.
1. 1
  Kargarzadeh, H.; Ahmad, I.; Thomas, S.; Dufresne, A. Handbook of Nanocellulose and Cellulose Nanocomposites; Wiley, 2017.
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
2. 2
  Wu, W.-B.; Jing, Y.; Gong, M.-R.; Zhou, X.-F.; Dai, H.-Q. Preparation and Properties of Magnetic Cellulose Fiber Composites. BioResources 2011, 6, 3396– 3409
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
3. 3
  Nechita, P.; Năstac, S. Foam-Formed Cellulose Composite Materials with Potential Applications in Sound Insulation. J. Compos. Mater. 2018, 52, 747– 754, DOI: 10.1177/0021998317714639
  3
  Foam-formed cellulose composite materials with potential applications in sound insulation
  Nechita, P.; Nastac, S.
  Journal of Composite Materials (2018), 52 (6), 747-754CODEN: JCOMBI; ISSN:0021-9983. (Sage Publications Ltd.)
  Use of foam-formed cellulose composite materials is a viable alternative that provides potential savings in terms of raw materials, energy and water compared with conventional methods for obtaining the fibrous composites. This new innovative manufg. method leads to obtaining porous materials with low d. and low environmental impact, which could replace the petroleum-based products in different industrial application fields like sound control. In this paper is presented a methodol. for producing low-d. cellulose composite materials in foam media. In this methodol. a surfactant is mixed with cellulose fibers (from virgin pulp and recovered papers) at high shear velocity (2000 r/min) to entrain air, dewatered on Buchner funnel under low vacuum and air dried in non-restrained conditions. The obtained composite materials have been tested by sound insulation parameters (sound transmission loss and absorption coeffs.) using two exptl. impedance tubes with four-microphone configuration and anechoic termination. Three samples of foam-formed cellulose composites and one water-formed composite sample were obtained. Their sound insulation performances were compared with two different com. available petroleum-based materials currently used in sound insulation applications (i.e. expanded/extruded polystyrene). The exptl. results show comparable performances between foam-formed cellulose composites and polystyrene-based samples, but in terms of the environmental impact, these materials can be an appropriate green alternative which can cut the costs of recycling process.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXksFajtb0%253D&md5=197e31ca1846552b52067baf8db6d370
4. 4
  Tran, C. D.; Mututuvari, T. M. Cellulose, Chitosan and Keratin Composite Materials: Facile and Recyclable Synthesis, Conformation and Properties. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 1850– 1861, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00084
  4
  Cellulose, Chitosan and Keratin Composite Materials: Facile and Recyclable Synthesis, Conformation and Properties
  Tran Chieu D; Mututuvari Tamutsiwa M
  ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering (2016), 4 (3), 1850-1861 ISSN:2168-0485.
  A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites formed to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the majority of [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used (at least 88%) was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. FTIR, XRD, (13)C CP-MAS NMR and SEM results confirm that KER, CS and CEL remain chemically intact and distributed homogeneously in the composites. We successfully demonstrate that the widely used method based on the deconvolution of the FTIR bands of amide bonds to determine secondary structure of proteins is relatively subjective as the conformation obtained is strongly dependent on the choice of parameters selected for curve fitting. A new method, based on the partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) of the amide bands, was developed, and proven to be objective and can provide more accurate information. Results obtained with this method agree well with those by XRD, namely they indicate that although KER retains its second structure when incorporated into the [CEL+CS] composites, it has relatively lower α-helix, higher β-turn and random form compared to that of the KER in native wool. It seems that during dissolution by [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], the inter- and intramolecular forces in KER were broken thereby destroying its secondary structure. During regeneration, these interactions were reestablished to reform partially the secondary structure. However, in the presence of either CEL or CS, the chains seem to prefer the extended form thereby hindering reformation of the α-helix. Consequently, the KER in these matrices may adopt structures with lower content of α-helix and higher β-sheet. As anticipated, results of tensile strength and TGA confirm that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increase the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the [CS/CEL+KER] composites.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC2srptVSjtg%253D%253D&md5=7f982b11209369d031cbd56b1ba0408d
5. 5
  Tran, C. D.; Duri, S.; Delneri, A.; Franko, M. Chitosan-Cellulose Composite Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Application for Removal of Microcystin. J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 252–253, 355– 366, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.046
  5
  Chitosan-cellulose composite materials: Preparation, Characterization and application for removal of microcystin
  Tran, Chieu D.; Duri, Simon; Delneri, Ambra; Franko, Mladen
  Journal of Hazardous Materials (2013), 252-253 (), 355-366CODEN: JHMAD9; ISSN:0304-3894. (Elsevier B.V.)
  We developed a simple and 1-step method to prep. biocompatible composites from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS). [BMIm+Cl-], an ionic liq. (IL), was used as a green solvent to dissolve and prep. the [CEL + CS] composites. Since majority (>88%) of IL used was recovered for reuse by distg. the aq. washings of [CEL + CS], the method is recyclable. XRD, FTIR, near-IR, 13C CP-MASNMR and SEM were used to monitor the dissoln. and to characterize the composites. The composite has combined advantages of their components: superior mech. strength (from CEL) and excellent adsorption capability for microcystin-LR, a deadly toxin produced by cyanobacteria (from CS). Specifically, the mech. strength of the composites increased with CEL loading; e.g., up to 5× increase in tensile strength was achieved by adding 80% of CEL into CS. Kinetic results of adsorption confirm that unique properties of CS remain intact in the composite, i.e., it is not only a very good adsorbent for microcystin but also is better than all other available adsorbents. E.g., it can adsorb 4× times more microcystin than the best reported adsorbent. Importantly, the microcystin adsorbed can be quant. desorbed to enable the composite to be reused with similar adsorption efficiency.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXns1aqtLo%253D&md5=00fe2b47a3997edc3e318fb8e01a14f3
6. 6
  Czaja, W.; Krystynowicz, A.; Bielecki, S.; Brownjr, R., Jr. Microbial cellulose-the natural power to heal wounds. Biomaterials 2006, 27, 145– 151, DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.035
  6
  Microbial cellulose--the natural power to heal wounds
  Czaja Wojciech; Krystynowicz Alina; Bielecki Stanislaw; Brown R Malcolm Jr
  Biomaterials (2006), 27 (2), 145-51 ISSN:0142-9612.
  Microbial cellulose (MC) synthesized in abundance by Acetobacter xylinum shows vast potential as a novel wound healing system. The high mechanical strength and remarkable physical properties result from the unique nanostructure of the never-dried membrane. This article attempts to briefly summarize the recent developments and applications of MC in the emerging field of novel wound dressings and skin substitutes. It considers the properties of the synthesized material, its clinical performance, as well as progress in the commercialization of MC for wound care products. Efficient and inexpensive fermentation techniques, not presently available, will be necessary to produce large quantities of the polymer.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD2Mvos1Wqtw%253D%253D&md5=b2d66c4c2f8e49897d0f2235dbcd3e63
7. 7
  Matthew, I. R.; Browne, R. M.; Frame, J. W.; Millar, B. G. Subperiosteal Behaviour of Alginate and Cellulose Wound Dressing Materials. Biomaterials 1995, 16, 275– 278, DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)93254-b
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
8. 8
  Maneerung, T.; Tokura, S.; Rujiravanit, R. Impregnation of Silver Nanoparticles into Bacterial Cellulose for Antimicrobial Wound Dressing. Carbohydr. Polym. 2008, 72, 43– 51, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.07.025
  8
  Impregnation of silver nanoparticles into bacterial cellulose for antimicrobial wound dressing
  Maneerung, Thawatchai; Tokura, Seiichi; Rujiravanit, Ratana
  Carbohydrate Polymers (2008), 72 (1), 43-51CODEN: CAPOD8; ISSN:0144-8617. (Elsevier B.V.)
  Bacterial cellulose was produced by Acetobacter xylinum (strain TISTR 975). Bacterial cellulose is an interesting material for using as a wound dressing since it provides moist environment to a wound resulting in a better wound healing. However, bacterial cellulose itself has no antibacterial activity to prevent wound infection. To achieve antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles were impregnated into bacterial cellulose by immersing bacterial cellulose in silver nitrate soln. Sodium borohydride was then used to reduce the absorbed silver ion (Ag+) inside of bacterial cellulose to the metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag0). Silver nanoparticles displayed the optical absorption band around 420 nm. The red-shift and broadening of the optical absorption band was obsd. when the mole ratio of NaBH4 to AgNO3 (NaBH4:AgNO3) was decreased, indicating the increase in particle size and particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles that was investigated by transmission electron microscope. The formation of silver nanoparticles was also evidenced by the x-ray diffraction. The freeze-dried silver nanoparticle-impregnated bacterial cellulose exhibited strong the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram-neg.) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-pos.).
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXlt1ertw%253D%253D&md5=ce259580d44053056a569f06511fd807
9. 9
  Laçin, N. T. Development of Biodegradable Antibacterial Cellulose Based Hydrogel Membranes for Wound Healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2014, 67, 22– 27, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.003
  9
  Development of biodegradable antibacterial cellulose based hydrogel membranes for wound healing
  Lacin, Nelisa Turkoglu
  International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2014), 67 (), 22-27CODEN: IJBMDR; ISSN:0141-8130. (Elsevier B.V.)
  Cellulose-based hydrogels have wide applications in tissue engineering and controlled delivery systems. In this study, chloramphenicol (CAP) loaded 2,3 dialdehyde cellulose (DABC) hydrogel membranes were prepd., characterized and their antibacterial efficacy was evaluated. Bacterial cellulose (BC) secreted by Acetobacter xylinum was modified to become DABC by oxidn. via the sodium metaperiodate method. CAP-BC and CAP-DABC interactions were illustrated via ATR-FTIR anal. Water retention capacity of BC and DABC membranes were detd. as 65.6±1.6% and 5.3±0.3%, resp. CAP release profiles were detd. via HPLC anal. The drug-loading capacities of BC and DABC membranes were 5 mg/cm2 and 0.1 mg/cm2, resp. Membranes released 99-99.5% of the contained CAP within 24 h and an initial burst release effect was not obsd. In vitro antibacterial tests of BC and DABC, both CAP-loaded, demonstrated their ability to inhibit bacterial growth for a prolonged duration. Antimicrobial effect against bacteria was still prevalent after 3 days of incubation period with disk diffusion tests. The MTT test results reveal that fibroblast adhesion and proliferation on CAP-loaded DABC membranes were noticeably higher than CAP-loaded BC membrane. This newly developed drug contg. DABC membranes seem to be highly suitable for wound healing due to its unique properties of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial effectiveness.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXotlyju7o%253D&md5=27b933acc140ce8118ccb664b9d8cc79
10. 10
  Sannino, A.; Demitri, C.; Madaghiele, M. Biodegradable Cellulose-Based Hydrogels: Design and Applications. Materials 2009, 2, 353– 373, DOI: 10.3390/ma2020353
  10
  Biodegradable cellulose-based hydrogels: design and applications
  Sannino, Alessandro; Demitri, Christian; Madaghiele, Marta
  Materials (2009), 2 (2), 353-373CODEN: MATEG9; ISSN:1996-1944. (Molecular Diversity Preservation International)
  A review. Hydrogels are macromol. networks able to absorb and release water solns. in a reversible manner, in response to specific environmental stimuli. Such stimuli-sensitive behavior makes hydrogels appealing for the design of 'smart' devices, applicable in a variety of technol. fields. In particular, in cases where either ecol. or biocompatibility issues are concerned, the biodegradability of the hydrogel network, together with the control of the degrdn. rate, may provide addnl. value to the developed device. This review surveys the design and the applications of cellulose-based hydrogels, which are extensively investigated due to the large availability of cellulose in nature, the intrinsic degradability of cellulose and the smart behavior displayed by some cellulose derivs.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXovFanu7w%253D&md5=6c4092bdb5b351fcfc1311848ed78d2e
11. 11
  Fatehi, P. Production of Biofuels from Cellulose of Woody Biomass. In Cellulose—Biomass Conversion; van de Ven, T. G. M., Ed.; InTechOpen, 2013; pp 45– 74.
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
12. 12
  Xiao, S.; Liu, B.; Wang, Y.; Fang, Z.; Zhang, Z. Efficient conversion of cellulose into biofuel precursor 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in dimethyl sulfoxide-ionic liquid mixtures. Bioresour. Technol. 2014, 151, 361– 366, DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.095
  12
  Efficient conversion of cellulose into biofuel precursor 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in dimethyl sulfoxide-ionic liquid mixtures
  Xiao, Shaohua; Liu, Bing; Wang, Yimei; Fang, Zhongfeng; Zhang, Zehui
  Bioresource Technology (2014), 151 (), 361-366CODEN: BIRTEB; ISSN:0960-8524. (Elsevier Ltd.)
  In recent years, cellulose has received increasing attention as a potential material for the prodn. of biofuels and bio-based chems. In this study, a new process for the efficient conversion of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was developed by the use of AlCl3 as the catalyst in DMSO-ionic liq. ([BMIM]Cl) mixts. Various reaction parameters such as reaction time, reaction temp., solvent and catalyst dosage were investigated in detail. A high HMF yield of 54.9% was obtained from cellulose at 150°C after 9 h in a mixed solvent of DMSO-[BMIM]Cl (10 wt.%). More importantly, the catalytic system could be reused for several times despite of the slight loss of its catalytic activity.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvFWrtrvL&md5=e392de4ab2e3802dc76b8d2f51a1d506
13. 13
  Luo, Y.; Li, L.; Huang, S.; Chen, T.; Luo, H. Functional Nanomaterials for Optoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage 2014. J. Nanomater. 2014, 2014, 1– 2, DOI: 10.1155/2014/210853
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
14. 14
  Zhu, H.; Fang, Z.; Wang, Z.; Dai, J.; Yao, Y.; Shen, F.; Preston, C.; Wu, W.; Peng, P.; Jang, N. Extreme Light Management in Mesoporous Wood Cellulose Paper for Optoelectronics. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 1369– 1377, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06781
  14
  Extreme Light Management in Mesoporous Wood Cellulose Paper for Optoelectronics
  Zhu, Hongli; Fang, Zhiqiang; Wang, Zhu; Dai, Jiaqi; Yao, Yonggang; Shen, Fei; Preston, Colin; Wu, Wenxin; Peng, Peng; Jang, Nathaniel; Yu, Qingkai; Yu, Zongfu; Hu, Liangbing
  ACS Nano (2016), 10 (1), 1369-1377CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
  Wood fibers possess natural unique hierarchical and mesoporous structures that enable a variety of new applications beyond their traditional use. We dramatically modulate the propagation of light through random network of wood fibers. A highly transparent and clear paper with transmittance >90% and haze <1.0% applicable for high-definition displays is achieved. By altering the morphol. of the same wood fibers that form the paper, highly transparent and hazy paper targeted for other applications such as solar cell and antiglare coating with transmittance >90% and haze >90% is also achieved. A thorough investigation of the relation between the mesoporous structure and the optical properties in transparent paper was conducted, including full-spectrum optical simulations. We demonstrate com. competitive multitouch touch screen with clear paper as a replacement for plastic substrates, which shows excellent process compatibility and comparable device performance for com. applications. Transparent cellulose paper with tunable optical properties is an emerging photonic material that will realize a range of much improved flexible electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXitVejtbnE&md5=6b4409d221b35a0fd71d0022e445124d
15. 15
  Roy, D.; Knapp, J. S.; Guthrie, J. T.; Perrier, S. Antibacterial Cellulose Fiber via RAFT Surface Graft Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2008, 9, 91– 99, DOI: 10.1021/bm700849j
  15
  Antibacterial Cellulose Fiber via RAFT Surface Graft Polymerization
  Roy, Debashish; Knapp, Jeremy S.; Guthrie, James T.; Perrier, Sebastien
  Biomacromolecules (2008), 9 (1), 91-99CODEN: BOMAF6; ISSN:1525-7797. (American Chemical Society)
  2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was polymd. from cellulosic filter paper via reversible addn.-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymn. The tertiary amino groups of the grafted PDMAEMA chains were subsequently quaternized with alkyl bromides of different chain lengths (C8-C16) to provide a large concn. of quaternary ammonium groups on the cellulose surface. The antibacterial activity of the quaternized and nonquaternized PDMAEMA-grafted cellulosic fibers was tested against Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was found to depend on the alkyl chain length and on the degree of quaternization, i.e., the amt. of quaternary amino groups present in the cellulose graft copolymers. The PDMAEMA-grafted cellulose fiber with the highest degree of quaternization and quaternized with the shortest alkyl chains was found to exhibit particularly high activity against E. coli.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXhsVWqsb%252FO&md5=5b8ba17eacb3d562dda260ad354591f2
16. 16
  Smiechowicz, E.; Kulpinski, P.; Niekraszewicz, B.; Bacciarelli, A. Cellulose Fibers Modified with Silver Nanoparticles. Cellulose 2011, 18, 975– 985, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-011-9544-9
  16
  Cellulose fibers modified with silver nanoparticles
  Smiechowicz, E.; Kulpinski, P.; Niekraszewicz, B.; Bacciarelli, A.
  Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2011), 18 (4), 975-985CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
  Cellulose fibers modified with silver nanoparticles were prepd. using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as a direct solvent and analyzed in this study. Silver nanoparticles were generated as a product of AgNO3 redn. by means of three methods under varying light conditions (daylight and darkroom). Influence of generating conditions on the size, the type and the no. weighting of created nanoparticles was examd. Dynamic Light Scattering technique (DLS) was used for detn. of those parameters. DLS anal. showed that the best method, i.e. the one that allowed the generation of the greatest no. of silver nanoparticles with the smallest diam. and the smallest agglomerates, was incubation of cellulose pulp with AgNO3 in a darkroom for 24 h. Mech. and hydrophilic properties of all obtained fibers were also detd. Results showed that the method of silver nanoparticles generation did not influence significantly mech. and hydrophilic properties of the modified fibers, because in all cases only small decreases of the studied parameters were obsd.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXos1aktbc%253D&md5=005936b3139cb1d83b7a2adbfc83615b
17. 17
  Qian, L.; Guan, Y.; Ziaee, Z.; He, B.; Zheng, A.; Xiao, H. Rendering cellulose fibers antimicrobial using cationic β-cyclodextrin-based polymers included with antibiotics. Cellulose 2009, 16, 309– 317, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-008-9270-0
  17
  Rendering cellulose fibers antimicrobial using cationic β-cyclodextrin-based polymers included with antibiotics
  Qian, L.; Guan, Y.; Ziaee, Z.; He, B.; Zheng, A.; Xiao, H.
  Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2009), 16 (2), 309-317CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
  Cationic β-cyclodextrin polymer (CPβCD) and its complexes with butylparaben and triclosan were reported in this paper. 2D NMR confirmed that the host-guest complexes were formed by including antibiotics inside the cavities of CPβCDs, which significantly improved the water soly. of the antibiotics. Results of inhibition zones and shaking flask methods of antimicrobial-modified cellulose fibers showed that both antibiotics/CPβCD complexes had excellent antimicrobial activities when applying on the cellulose fibers whereas triclosan appeared to more effective. Morphol. of untreated and treated bacteria revealed by AFM suggested that the antibiotics/CPβCD complexes inhibited bacteria through affecting the metab. of the bacteria instead of damaging the cell membrane. Due to the strong electrostatic assocn., CPβCD polymers adsorbed on the surface of cellulose fibers almost completely within the range of dosages investigated.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhvVCgur8%253D&md5=30e6bb18e83d8f5ea0ab83f7c1377c0d
18. 18
  Bayer, I. S.; Fragouli, D.; Attanasio, A.; Sorce, B.; Bertoni, G.; Brescia, R.; Di Corato, R.; Pellegrino, T.; Kalyva, M.; Sabella, S.; Pompa, P. P.; Cingolani, R.; Athanassiou, A. Water-Repellent Cellulose Fiber Networks with Multifunctional Properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 4024– 4031, DOI: 10.1021/am200891f
  18
  Water-repellent cellulose fiber networks with multifunctional properties
  Bayer, Ilker S.; Fragouli, Despina; Attanasio, Agnese; Sorce, Barbara; Bertoni, Giovanni; Brescia, Rosaria; Di Corato, Riccardo; Pellegrino, Teresa; Kalyva, Maria; Sabella, Stefania; Pompa, Pier Paolo; Cingolani, Roberto; Athanassiou, Athanassia
  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2011), 3 (10), 4024-4031CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
  A simple and highly efficient technique is presented to introduce multifunctional properties to cellulose fiber networks by wetting with Et cyanoacrylate monomer solns. contg. various suspended org. submicrometer particles or inorg. nanoparticles. Solns. may be applied on cellulosic surfaces by simple soln. casting techniques or by dip coating, both being suitable for large area applications. Immediately after solvent evapn., Et cyanoacrylate polymerizes at ambient conditions encapsulating cellulose fibers with a hydrophobic polymer shell. Furthermore, by dispersing various functional particles in the monomer solns., hydrophobic Et cyanoacrylate nanocomposites with desired functionalities can be formed around the cellulose fibers. To exhibit the versatility of the method, cellulose sheets were functionalized with different Et cyanoacrylate nanocomposite shells comprising submicrometer wax or polytetrafluoroethylene particles for superhydrophobicity, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles for magnetic activity, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for light emission, and silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial activity. The morphol. and functional properties of the systems were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, light emission spectra, and E. coli growth measurements.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1Slt7bP&md5=ac427e893ad70f67e0ef0becf9a5e1e5
19. 19
  Marchessault, R. H.; Rioux, P.; Raymond, L. Magnetic Cellulose Fibres and Paper: Preparation, Processing and Properties. Polymer 1992, 33, 4024– 4028, DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90600-2
  19
  Magnetic cellulose fibers and paper: preparation, processing and properties
  Marchessault, R. H.; Rioux, P.; Raymond, Louise
  Polymer (1992), 33 (19), 4024-8CODEN: POLMAG; ISSN:0032-3861.
  Magnetic cellulose fibers were prepd. either by lumen loading or by in situ synthesis of ferrites in presence of cellulosic fibers. By using the lumen-loading technol., com. available magnetic pigments were introduced into the lumens of softwood fibers from which magnetic paper could be prepd. Lumen-loaded fibers acted as magnetic dipoles allowing manipulation of fiber orientation of papermaking. In situ synthesis of iron oxide particles was performed by oxidn. of ferrous hydroxide pptd. with caustic from the ferrous ion-exchanged form of Na CM-cellulose fibers. The latter were characterized by conductometric titrn. to det. the no. of functional groups available for the in situ chem. Superparamagnetically responsive fibers had smaller and less-colored pigments which were only magnetic in the presence of a field.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK38XmsFelt7g%253D&md5=03bc6164aa679217119ed576787519fd
20. 20
  Rubacha, M. Magnetically Active Composite Cellulose Fibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 101, 1529– 1534, DOI: 10.1002/app.23392
  20
  Magnetically active composite cellulose fibers
  Rubacha, Marcin
  Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2006), 101 (3), 1529-1534CODEN: JAPNAB; ISSN:0021-8995. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
  A process has been developed for manufg. magnetically active composite fibers of cellulose using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as a direct solvent for this natural polymer. Owing to its elasticity and stability, the process made it possible to add considerable quantities of modifier (up to 50% of fiber wt.) to spinning solns. The incorporation of powd. hard ferrites (barium ferrite) into the polymer soln. resulted in fibers with magnetic properties, which exhibited a uniform distribution of the modifier. The results of testing the magnetic properties of the fibers obtained have shown that the coercive force of fibers do not depend on the modifier content, while the residual magnetism increases with the content of the ferromagnetic material. The value of fiber remanence is a fraction of the value of magnetic material remanence, corresponding to its vol. content in fibers. This may indicate that the modifier used is chem. stable in the spinning soln. medium. The thermal anal. of the fibers (DSC and TGA) has shown no neg. effect of the modifiers on the fibers' thermal stability. An undesirable influence of the ferromagnetic compd. on the fibers is the deterioration of their mech. properties.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28Xms1Wrtbg%253D&md5=dbe1cc58361be89bdaf1bfaed2af4e0d
21. 21
  Biliuta, G.; Coseri, S. Magnetic Cellulosic Materials Based on TEMPO-Oxidized Viscose Fibers. Cellulose 2016, 23, 3407– 3415, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-016-1082-z
  21
  Magnetic cellulosic materials based on TEMPO-oxidized viscose fibers
  Biliuta, Gabriela; Coseri, Sergiu
  Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2016), 23 (6), 3407-3415CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
  A simple method for prepn. of magnetic cellulose fibers by coating (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized viscose with oleic-acid-coated or uncoated, freshly prepd. magnetic nanoparticles (MNp) is presented. MNp attachment was facilitated by chem. activation of the cellulose fibers through introduction of neg. charged carboxylic groups using the well-established TEMPO-mediated oxidn. protocol. The resulting composite materials preserved the intrinsic properties of the cellulose fibers, but gained notable specific features due to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles. The obtained composite materials were characterized using spectral (Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy) and microscopic (SEM) methods. Thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to evaluate the thermal stability of the magnetic fibers. The magnetic properties were evaluated using vibrating-sample magnetometry.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsF2nsL7K&md5=8a9aae5a01a70f471e637f356a6a9918
22. 22
  Tarrés, Q.; Deltell, A.; Espinach, F. X.; Pèlach, M. À.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Mutjé, P. Magnetic Bionanocomposites from Cellulose Nanofibers: Fast, Simple and Effective Production Method. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017, 99, 29– 36, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.072
  22
  Magnetic bionanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers: Fast, simple and effective production method
  Tarres, Quim; Deltell, Alexandre; Espinach, F. Xavier; Pelach, M. Angels; Delgado-Aguilar, Marc; Mutje, Pere
  International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2017), 99 (), 29-36CODEN: IJBMDR; ISSN:0141-8130. (Elsevier B.V.)
  Nanocellulose is becoming a topic of great interest due to its lightwt., huge availability and its interesting properties. Among these properties, it is worthy to distinguish its sp. surface and its strength. Both properties allow producing films with great mech. properties able to retain nanoparticles which can provide the nanopaper of much functionality. Many applications for nanocellulose nanocomposites have been reported, demonstrating the interesting opportunities that this product has in a near future. In this sense, the present work attempts to produce membranes based on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) filled with magnetite nanoparticles with the purpose of developing membranes for loudspeakers. The main advantage of this is the avoiding of the iron core that one can find in any loudspeaker, since the membrane itself acts as that core. Bionanocomposites ranging from 10 to 70% of magnetite nanoparticles were produced by filtration in a nitrocellulose membrane with a pore size of 0,22 μm. Tensile tests showed that mech. properties were decreased as the amt. of magnetite was increased. They were obsd. by FE-SEM to see the interactions between nanoparticles and CNF. Finally, a loudspeaker prototype was developed in order to evaluate the sonorous efficiency of the resulting membranes.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXjtl2isL0%253D&md5=d022a1bf0ba39f6b3c342c74ce7d35d2
23. 23
  Sun, N.; Swatloski, R. P.; Maxim, M. L.; Rahman, M.; Harland, A. G.; Haque, A.; Spear, S. K.; Daly, D. T.; Rogers, R. D. Magnetite-Embedded Cellulose Fibers Prepared from Ionic Liquid. J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 283– 290, DOI: 10.1039/b713194a
  23
  Magnetite-embedded cellulose fibers prepared from ionic liquid
  Sun, Ning; Swatloski, Richard P.; Maxim, Mirela L.; Rahman, Mustafizur; Harland, Adam G.; Haque, Anwarul; Spear, Scott K.; Daly, Daniel T.; Rogers, Robin D.
  Journal of Materials Chemistry (2008), 18 (3), 283-290CODEN: JMACEP; ISSN:0959-9428. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
  A dry-jet wet spinning process was developed for manuf. of magnetic cellulose fibers using the ionic liq. (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim]Cl) as solvent. Cellulose from different sources with various d.p. was dissolved in the IL, then magnetite particles were dispersed in the soln., and fibers were coagulated in a water bath under appropriate spinning conditions. The mech. properties, thermal stability, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the fibers were correlated to cellulose source and concn. of magnetite. The fiber texture was dependent on overall magnetite concn., and cellulose concn. and mol. wt. in the spinning soln. Increasing d.p. and/or cellulose concn. resulted in more robust fibers, and conversely the addn. of magnetite particles weakened the overall mech. properties of the fibers.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXitVOktw%253D%253D&md5=75cbc446fd4d7ced56e55884932721a6
24. 24
  Fukahori, S.; Iguchi, Y.; Ichiura, H.; Kitaoka, T.; Tanaka, H.; Wariishi, H. Effect of Void Structure of Photocatalyst Paper on VOC Decomposition. Chemosphere 2007, 66, 2136– 2141, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.022
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
25. 25
  Ngo, Y. H.; Li, D.; Simon, G. P.; Garnier, G. Paper Surfaces Functionalized by Nanoparticles. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 163, 23– 38, DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.01.004
  25
  Paper surfaces functionalized by nanoparticles
  Ngo, Ying Hui; Li, Dan; Simon, George P.; Garnier, Gil
  Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (2011), 163 (1), 23-38CODEN: ACISB9; ISSN:0001-8686. (Elsevier B.V.)
  A review. Nanomaterials with unique electronic, optical and catalytic properties have recently been at the forefront of research due to their tremendous range of applications. Taking gold, silver and titania nanoparticles as examples, we have reviewed the current research works on paper functionalized by these nanoparticles. The functionalization of paper with only a very small concn. of nanoparticles is able to produce devices with excellent photocatalytic, antibacterial, anti-counterfeiting, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) performances. This review presents a brief overview of the properties of gold, silver and titania nanoparticles which contribute to the major applications of nanoparticles-functionalized paper. Different prepn. methods of the nanoparticles-functionalized paper are reviewed, focusing on their ability to control the morphol. and structure of paper as well as the spatial location and adsorption state of nanoparticles which are crit. in achieving their optimum applications. In addn., main applications of the nanoparticles-functionalized papers are highlighted and their crit. challenges are discussed, followed by perspectives on the future direction in this research field. While a few studies to date have characterized the distribution of nanoparticles on paper substrates, none have yet optimized paper as a nanoparticles' substrate. There remains a strong need to improve understanding on the optimum adsorption state of nanoparticles on paper and the heterogeneity effects of paper on the properties of these nanoparticles.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXjtVGhu70%253D&md5=79f5bf645d302bb9dbb59b1b6ecaaefa
26. 26
  Rubacha, M. Thermochromic Cellulose Fibers. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2007, 18, 323– 328, DOI: 10.1002/pat.889
  26
  Thermochromic cellulose fibers
  Rubacha, Marcin
  Polymers for Advanced Technologies (2007), 18 (4), 323-328CODEN: PADTE5; ISSN:1042-7147. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
  A method of obtaining thermochrome cellulose fibers was developed based on the Lyocell process, spinning cellulose fibers and Chromicolor AQ-INK, Magenta 27 thermochromic dye from concd. solvents and using the dry-wet method in aq. solidification bath. The solvent used in this process was N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO). Features of fibers contg. 1-10% thermochromic dye were examd. using DSC, optical reflectance, and color measurements vs. compn. as well as measurements of fiber tenacity, modulus and elongation at break vs. dye content.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXkvFCjtb4%253D&md5=92ec976f33d026ca690319b19cd645bf
27. 27
  Johnston, J. H.; Kelly, F. M.; Moraes, J.; Borrmann, T.; Flynn, D. Conducting polymer composites with cellulose and protein fibres. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2006, 6, 587– 590, DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2005.11.067
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
28. 28
  Agarwal, M.; Lvov, Y.; Varahramyan, K. Conductive Wood Microfibres for Smart Paper through Layer-by-Layer Nanocoating. Nanotechnology 2006, 17, 5319– 5325, DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/006
  28
  Conductive wood microfibres for smart paper through layer-by-layer nanocoating
  Agarwal, Mangilal; Lvov, Yuri; Varahramyan, Kody
  Nanotechnology (2006), 17 (21), 5319-5325CODEN: NNOTER; ISSN:0957-4484. (Institute of Physics Publishing)
  A layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) on lignocellulose wood microfibres was used to make conductive fibers and paper. Polycations such as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) were used in alternate deposition with anionic conductive polythiophene (PEDOT-PSS) to construct the multilayer nanofilms on wood microfibres. Current-voltage characterization was measured on single fibers using a Keithley probe measurement system after deposition of every PEDOT-PSS monolayer to study the elec. properties of the coating. The cond. of the microfibres increased linearly with increasing no. of bilayers of PEDOT-PSS/polycation. The measured conductivities of the coated microfibres ranged from 1 to 10 S cm-1. It was also obsd. that the cond. of the fibers (i.e., coating of PEDOT-PSS) depends upon the type of polycations used to alternate with the polythiophene. In this work we have demonstrated successful scale integration from nano to micro and macroscale (nanocoating-microfibres-macropaper) in developing new paper material. The conductive paper that has been produced (and its fabrication method) can be used for the development of smart paper technol. on monitoring of elec., and optical/elec. signals.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXisF2ntQ%253D%253D&md5=50ad5159bcc2783ca55b7943f46b263a
29. 29
  Kulpinski, P.; Namyslak, M.; Grzyb, T.; Lis, S. Luminescent cellulose fibers activated by Eu³⁺-doped nanoparticles. Cellulose 2012, 19, 1271– 1278, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-012-9709-1
  29
  Luminescent cellulose fibers activated by Eu3+-doped nanoparticles
  Kulpinski, Piotr; Namyslak, Marek; Grzyb, Tomasz; Lis, Stefan
  Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2012), 19 (4), 1271-1278CODEN: CELLE8; ISSN:0969-0239. (Springer)
  UV- active cellulose fibers were obtained by dry-wet method spinning an 8 % by wt. α-cellulose soln. in N-methylomorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) modified by europium-doped gadolinium oxyfluoride Gd4O3F6:Eu3+ contg. 5 mol (%) of the dopant. Photoluminescent nanoparticles were introduced in the in powder form into a polymer matrix during the process of cellulose dissoln. in NMMO. The dependencies of emission intensity on excitation energy and the concn. of Gd4O3F6:Eu3+ nanoparticles in the final cellulosic products were examd. by photoluminescence spectroscopy (excitation and emission). The fiber structure was studied by X-ray powder diffraction anal. The size and dispersity of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix were evaluated using SEM and X-ray microanal. The influence of different concn. particles (in the range from 0.5 to 5 % by wt.) on the mech. properties of the fibers, such as tenacity and elongation at break, were detd.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XosFemtbw%253D&md5=3b2eab6172e8dac0bf1db351879ec907
30. 30
  Erdman, A.; Kulpinski, P.; Grzyb, T.; Lis, S. Preparation of Multicolor Luminescent Cellulose Fibers Containing Lanthanide Doped Inorganic Nanomaterials. J. Lumin. 2015, 169, 520– 527, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.02.049
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
31. 31
  Kulpinski, P.; Erdman, A.; Grzyb, T.; Lis, S. Luminescent Cellulose Fibers Modified with Cerium Fluoride Doped with Terbium Particles. Polym. Compos. 2016, 37, 153– 160, DOI: 10.1002/pc.23166
  31
  Luminescent cellulose fibers modified with cerium fluoride doped with terbium particles
  Kulpinski, Piotr; Erdman, Aleksandra; Grzyb, Tomasz; Lis, Stefan
  Polymer Composites (2016), 37 (1), 153-160CODEN: PCOMDI; ISSN:0272-8397. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
  This article describes UV-active cellulose fibers obtained by dry-wet spinning method. The fibers have been formed from an 8% by wt. cellulose soln. in N-methylomorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) modified by Ce0.85Tb0.15F3 nanocrystals. The modifier was synthesized by wet chem. method, copptn. approach. The host was chosen as the most promising one for the green emitting Tb3+ ions. Photoluminescent nanoparticles were introduced into the polymer matrix during the process of dissolving cellulose in NMMO. The modifier occurred in the form of white paste, consisting of luminescent nanoparticles dispersed in glycerin. The dependencies between the concn. of nanocrystals, emission intensity, and excitation energy of the final cellulosic luminescent products were examd. by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The size and structure of Ce0.85Tb0.15F3 nanocrystals were studied by X-ray powder diffraction anal. The dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix was evaluated using SEM and transmission electron microscopy. The real content of luminescent nanocrystals in the fibers was estd. as well. The influence of different concns. of modifier particles (in the range from 0.5 to 5% by wt.) on the mech. properties of the fibers was detd.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXht1GqsbrK&md5=b8b1245e06c002369f01546a1e21333b
32. 32
  Shi, C.; Hou, X.; Li, X.; Ge, M. Preparation and Characterization of Persistent Luminescence of Regenerated Cellulose Fiber. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2017, 28, 1015– 1021, DOI: 10.1007/s10854-016-5622-y
  32
  Preparation and characterization of persistent luminescence of regenerated cellulose fiber
  Shi, Chen; Hou, Xuebin; Li, Xiaoqiang; Ge, Mingqiao
  Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics (2017), 28 (1), 1015-1021CODEN: JSMEEV; ISSN:0957-4522. (Springer)
  Persistent luminescence of regenerated cellulose was successfully prepd. via wet-spinning from NaOH/thiourea/urea aq. solvent system. The morphologies, phase structures, mech. and luminescent properties of the prepd. fibers were characterized by SEM, fluorescence microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tester, photoluminescence spectroscopy and brightness meter, resp. Moreover, the effect of concn. of luminescence phosphors was investigated. The SEM images indicated that the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ particles (10 wt%, av. size of 6 μm) were uniformly incorporated in the cellulose fibers, which provide the fibers with smooth surface. The XRD results show that the prepd. composite fibers had a typical cryst. structure of cellulose II and SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+. Interestingly, the presence of 8 % phosphors in fibers' matrix had no neg. influence on tenacity. Nevertheless, with the increasing of the concn. of particles from 8 to 12 %,the tenacity and the elongation at break tends to decrease. The luminescent properties indicated that luminous fiber exhibited a yellow-green emission band with a max. of 520 nm originating from SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+. Decay curves of the composite fiber have a similar tendency with SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ pure powder, but slightly longer decay tended than the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ particles.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVegs7jO&md5=45a7dfdafe62353b7ec0538d57b412d5
33. 33
  Ng, P. F.; Bai, G.; Si, L.; Lee, K. I.; Hao, J.; Xin, J. H.; Fei, B. Highly Phosphorescent Hollow Fibers Inner-Coated with Tungstate Nanocrystals. Mater. Res. Express 2017, 4, 125029, DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aa8ebd
  33
  Highly phosphorescent hollow fibers inner-coated with tungstate nanocrystals
  Ng, Pui Fai; Bai, Gongxun; Si, Liping; Lee, Ka I.; Hao, Jianhua; Xin, John H.; Fei, Bin
  Materials Research Express (2017), 4 (12), 125029/1-125029/8CODEN: MREAC3; ISSN:2053-1591. (IOP Publishing Ltd.)
  In order to develop luminescent microtubes from natural fibers, a facile biomimetic mineralization method was designed to introduce the CaWO4-based nanocrystals into kapok lumens. The structure, compn., and luminescence properties of resultant fibers were investigated with microscopes, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric anal., and fluorescence spectrometry. The yield of tungstate crystals inside kapok was significantly promoted with a process at high temp. and pressure-the hydrothermal treatment. The tungstate crystals grown on the inner wall of kapok fibers showed the same crystal structure with those naked powders, but smaller in crystal size. The resultant fiber assemblies demonstrated reduced phosphorescence intensity in comparison to the naked tungstate powders. However, the fibers gave more stable luminescence than the naked powders in wet condition. This approach explored the possibility of decorating natural fibers with high load of nanocrystals, hinting potential applications in anti-counterfeit labels, security textiles, and even flexible and soft optical devices.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhsFyms7zF&md5=57d0bff3870f7ace2ff04e1e0bf99b90
34. 34
  Yao, J.; Ji, P.; Wang, B.; Wang, H.; Chen, S. Color-Tunable Luminescent Macrofibers Based on CdTe QDs-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers for PH and Glucose Sensing. Sens. Actuators, B 2018, 254, 110– 119, DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.071
  34
  Color-tunable luminescent macrofibers based on CdTe QDs-loaded bacterial cellulose nanofibers for pH and glucose sensing
  Yao, Jingjing; Ji, Peng; Wang, Baoxiu; Wang, Huaping; Chen, Shiyan
  Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical (2018), 254 (), 110-119CODEN: SABCEB; ISSN:0925-4005. (Elsevier B.V.)
  The incorporation of quantum dots into the nanoscale host matrixes and assembly of fluorescent building blocks with well-organized structure are crit. for the prepn. of highly sensitive sensor device. Color-tunable luminescent macrofibers were obtained using wet spinning by assembling CdTe-loaded bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers onto one-dimensional structure. BC nanofibers are able to integrate luminescent properties of CdTe QDs and extend their advantages to fiber-based structures. The luminescent macrofibers with green, yellow and orange fluorescence could be tuned easily by controlling the size of CdTe QDs. This luminescent material with moderate oriented nanofibers was used to detect pH and glucose. The resulting macrofibers exhibited a sigmoidal dependence with pH and high sensitivity to glucose concns. The detection limit of glucose is 0.026 mM, and the response range and sensitivity of the enzyme-modified macrofibers can be regulated through changing the reaction time which is suitable for different situations. Furthermore, the assay did not require addn. of external reagents because all components were deposited onto the fiber substrate. The comparison with commercialized glucose meter indicated that this system is reliable and suitable for practical application. The paper would provide a new platform for the fabrication of fiber-based biosensor based on BC nanofibers, possessing great potential for the development of flexible and wearable biosensing devices.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXht1WrtrrJ&md5=0d0741c9ef96ab633405a93c0d39b073
35. 35
  Junka, K.; Guo, J.; Filpponen, I.; Laine, J.; Rojas, O. J. Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Luminescent Carbon Dots. Biomacromolecules 2014, 15, 876– 881, DOI: 10.1021/bm4017176
  35
  Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Luminescent Carbon Dots
  Junka, Karoliina; Guo, Jiaqi; Filpponen, Ilari; Laine, Janne; Rojas, Orlando J.
  Biomacromolecules (2014), 15 (3), 876-881CODEN: BOMAF6; ISSN:1525-7797. (American Chemical Society)
  Films and hydrogels consisting of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were modified by covalent EDC/NHS coupling of luminescent, water-dispersible carbon dots (CDs). Quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to investigate the attachment of CDs on carboxymethylated CNF (CM-CNF). As the first reported use of CD in nanocellulose products, we provide proof-of-concept for the synthesis of transparent and fluorescent nanopaper and for its tunable luminescence as confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhtFyisLo%253D&md5=51a275eac8187aa05f39d6c259ba0f52
36. 36
  Tang, Z.; Kotov, N. A.; Giersig, M. Spontaneous Organization of Single CdTe Nanoparticles into Luminescent Nanowires. Science 2002, 297, 237– 240, DOI: 10.1126/science.1072086
  36
  Spontaneous organization of single CdTe nanoparticles into luminescent nanowires
  Tang, Zhiyong; Kotov, Nicholas A.; Giersig, Michael
  Science (Washington, DC, United States) (2002), 297 (5579), 237-240CODEN: SCIEAS; ISSN:0036-8075. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
  Nanoparticles of CdTe were found to spontaneously reorganize into cryst. nanowires upon controlled removal of the protective shell of org. stabilizer. The intermediate step in the nanowire formation was found to be pearl-necklace aggregates. Strong dipole-dipole interaction is believed to be the driving force of nanoparticle self-organization. The linear aggregates subsequently recrystd. into nanowires whose diam. was detd. by the diam. of the nanoparticles. The produced nanowires have high aspect ratio, uniformity, and optical activity. These findings demonstrate the collective behavior of nanoparticles as well as a convenient, simple technique for prodn. of one-dimensional semiconductor colloids suitable for subsequent processing into quantum-confined superstructures, materials, and devices.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD38XlsVCns7g%253D&md5=8332407e0f235f347a4416903e0debbd
37. 37
  Buzea, C.; Pacheco, I. I.; Robbie, K. Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity. Biointerphases 2007, 2, MR17– MR71, DOI: 10.1116/1.2815690
  37
  Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity
  Buzea Cristina; Pacheco Ivan I; Robbie Kevin
  Biointerphases (2007), 2 (4), MR17-71 ISSN:.
  This review is presented as a common foundation for scientists interested in nanoparticles, their origin,activity, and biological toxicity. It is written with the goal of rationalizing and informing public health concerns related to this sometimes-strange new science of "nano," while raising awareness of nanomaterials' toxicity among scientists and manufacturers handling them.We show that humans have always been exposed to tiny particles via dust storms, volcanic ash, and other natural processes, and that our bodily systems are well adapted to protect us from these potentially harmful intruders. There ticuloendothelial system, in particular, actively neutralizes and eliminates foreign matter in the body,including viruses and nonbiological particles. Particles originating from human activities have existed for millennia, e.g., smoke from combustion and lint from garments, but the recent development of industry and combustion-based engine transportation has profoundly increased an thropogenic particulate pollution. Significantly, technological advancement has also changed the character of particulate pollution, increasing the proportion of nanometer-sized particles--"nanoparticles"--and expanding the variety of chemical compositions. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between particulate air pollution levels, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, various cancers, and mortality. Adverse effects of nanoparticles on human health depend on individual factors such as genetics and existing disease, as well as exposure, and nanoparticle chemistry, size, shape,agglomeration state, and electromagnetic properties. Animal and human studies show that inhaled nanoparticles are less efficiently removed than larger particles by the macrophage clearance mechanisms in the lungs, causing lung damage, and that nanoparticles can translocate through the circulatory, lymphatic, and nervous systems to many tissues and organs, including the brain. The key to understanding the toxicity of nanoparticles is that their minute size, smaller than cells and cellular organelles, allows them to penetrate these basic biological structures, disrupting their normal function.Examples of toxic effects include tissue inflammation, and altered cellular redox balance toward oxidation, causing abnormal function or cell death. The manipulation of matter at the scale of atoms,"nanotechnology," is creating many new materials with characteristics not always easily predicted from current knowledge. Within the nearly limitless diversity of these materials, some happen to be toxic to biological systems, others are relatively benign, while others confer health benefits. Some of these materials have desirable characteristics for industrial applications, as nanostructured materials often exhibit beneficial properties, from UV absorbance in sunscreen to oil-less lubrication of motors.A rational science-based approach is needed to minimize harm caused by these materials, while supporting continued study and appropriate industrial development. As current knowledge of the toxicology of "bulk" materials may not suffice in reliably predicting toxic forms of nanoparticles,ongoing and expanded study of "nanotoxicity" will be necessary. For nanotechnologies with clearly associated health risks, intelligent design of materials and devices is needed to derive the benefits of these new technologies while limiting adverse health impacts. Human exposure to toxic nanoparticles can be reduced through identifying creation-exposure pathways of toxins, a study that may someday soon unravel the mysteries of diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Reduction in fossil fuel combustion would have a large impact on global human exposure to nanoparticles, as would limiting deforestation and desertification.While nanotoxicity is a relatively new concept to science, this review reveals the result of life's long history of evolution in the presence of nanoparticles, and how the human body, in particular, has adapted to defend itself against nanoparticulate intruders.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC3c3ptVamtA%253D%253D&md5=7c2d5d5ab6c65b6f9c7123f18e64e4a1
38. 38
  Roduner, E. Introduction. Nanoscopic Materials; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2006; pp 1– 4.
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
39. 39
  Runowski, M.; Lis, S. Synthesis, surface modification/decoration of luminescent-magnetic core/shell nanomaterials, based on the lanthanide doped fluorides (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/NH₂/PAA/LnF₃). J. Lumin. 2016, 170, 484– 490, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.05.037
  39
  Synthesis, surface modification/decoration of luminescent-magnetic core/shell nanomaterials, based on the lanthanide doped fluorides (Fe3O4/SiO2/NH2/PAA/LnF3)
  Runowski, Marcin; Lis, Stefan
  Journal of Luminescence (2016), 170 (Part_2), 484-490CODEN: JLUMA8; ISSN:0022-2313. (Elsevier B.V.)
  The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (10-15 nm) were successfully coated with amine modified silica nanoshell, which led to the formation of core/shell type nanostructures (30-50 nm). The as-prepd. nanoparticles were surface modified with polyacrylic acid (PAA) via electrostatic interactions of -NH2 and -COOH groups. Afterwards, the surface PAA mols. acted as complexing agents of the introduced lanthanide (Ln3+) ions. Subsequently, the as-prepd. nanostructures were surface decorated with luminescent LnF3 nanoparticles, forming Eu3+ or Tb3+ doped Fe3O4/SiO2/NH2/PAA/LnF3 nanomaterials (50-100 nm). The obtained luminescent-magnetic products exhibited simultaneously bright red or green emission under UV lamp irradn. (λex=254 nm), and a response for the applied magnetic field (strong magnet attracts the colloidal particles, dispersed in aq. medium). After the synthesis, properties of the nanomaterials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IR spectroscopy (IR) and spectrofluorometry (anal. of excitation/emission spectra and luminescence decay curves). Such advanced nanomaterials can be potentially used in multimodal imaging, targeted therapies and as multifunctional contrast agents, novel luminescent-magnetic tracers, protection of documents, etc.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXptlyjsrw%253D&md5=3db1796515fcc632f84bf119ca2e2a8e
40. 40
  Bünzli, J.-C. G.; Piguet, C. Taking Advantage of Luminescent Lanthanide Ions. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2005, 34, 1048– 1077, DOI: 10.1039/b406082m
  40
  Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions
  Bunzli, Jean-Claude G.; Piguet, Claude
  Chemical Society Reviews (2005), 34 (12), 1048-1077CODEN: CSRVBR; ISSN:0306-0012. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
  A review. Lanthanide ions possess fascinating optical properties and their discovery, 1st industrial uses and present high technol. applications are largely governed by their interaction with light. Lighting devices (economical luminescent lamps, light emitting diodes), television and computer displays, optical fibers, optical amplifiers, lasers, as well as responsive luminescent stains for biomedical anal., medical diagnosis, and cell imaging rely heavily on lanthanide ions. This crit. review was tailored for a broad audience of chemists, biochemists and materials scientists; the basics of lanthanide photophysics are highlighted together with the synthetic strategies used to insert these ions into mono- and polymetallic mol. edifices. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials, including liq. crystals, and in the control of luminescent properties in polymetallic assemblies are also presented. (210 refs.).
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXht1Squ7zF&md5=f95796d65766bd399498f70cbd582cb1
41. 41
  Montgomery, C. P.; Murray, B. S.; New, E. J.; Pal, R.; Parker, D. Cell-Penetrating Metal Complex Optical Probes: Targeted and Responsive Systems Based on Lanthanide Luminescence. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 925– 937, DOI: 10.1021/ar800174z
  41
  Cell-Penetrating Metal Complex Optical Probes: Targeted and Responsive Systems Based on Lanthanide Luminescence
  Montgomery, Craig P.; Murray, Benjamin S.; New, Elizabeth J.; Pal, Robert; Parker, David
  Accounts of Chemical Research (2009), 42 (7), 925-937CODEN: ACHRE4; ISSN:0001-4842. (American Chemical Society)
  A review. To understand better the structure and function of biol. systems, cell biologists and biochemists would like to have methods that minimally perturb living systems. The development of emissive optical probes is essential for improving the observation of intracellular signaling and recognition processes. Following excitation of the probe, photons emitted from the probe may be obsd. by spectroscopy or microscopy and encode information about their environments in their energy, lifetime, and polarization. Such optical probes may be based on org. fluorophores, quantum dots, recombinant proteins, or emissive metal complexes. In this Account, the authors trace the emergence of lanthanide coordination complexes as emissive optical probes. These probes benefit from sharp emission bands and long lifetimes. These complexes can be designed to report on the concn. of key biochem. variables by modulation of spectral form, lifetime, or circular polarization. These properties allow the application of ratiometric methods of anal. in spectroscopy or microscopy to report on local pH, pM (M = Ca, Zn), or the concn. of certain anionic metabolites, such as citrate, lactate, bicarbonate, or urate. For optical microscopy studies in living cells, these probes must be cell-permeable and, ideally, should localize in a given cell organelle. The authors undertook systematic studies of more than 60 emissive complexes, examg. the time dependence of cellular uptake and compartmentalization, cellular toxicity, protein affinity, and quenching sensitivity. These results and their relation to probe structure have allowed the authors to identify certain structure-activity relationships. The nature and linkage mode of the integral sensitizing group - introduced to harvest incident light efficiently - is of primary importance in detg. protein affinity and cellular uptake and trafficking. In many cases, uptake may occur via macropinocytosis. The authors have defined three main classes of behavior: complexes exhibit predominant localization profiles in protein-rich regions (nucleoli/ribosomes), in cellular mitochondria, or in endosomes/lysosomes. Therefore, these systems offer considerable promise as intracellular optical probes, amenable to single- or two-photon excitation, that may report on the local ionic compn. of living cells subjected to differing environmental stresses.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhtlehu7c%253D&md5=6a3853f1e20a040d12cd7f6e8cdafc8a
42. 42
  Bettencourt-Dias, A. Small Molecule Luminescent Lanthanide Ion Complexes - Photophysical Characterization and Recent Developments. Curr. Org. Chem. 2007, 11, 1460– 1480, DOI: 10.2174/138527207782418735
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
43. 43
  Qin, X.; Liu, X.; Huang, W.; Bettinelli, M.; Liu, X. Lanthanide-Activated Phosphors Based on 4f-5d Optical Transitions: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 4488– 4527, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00691
  43
  Lanthanide-Activated Phosphors Based on 4f-5d Optical Transitions: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects
  Qin, Xian; Liu, Xiaowang; Huang, Wei; Bettinelli, Marco; Liu, Xiaogang
  Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2017), 117 (5), 4488-4527CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
  A review. Recent progress in developing methods for prepg. lanthanide-activated phosphors, esp. those featuring 4f-5d optical transitions, is discussed. Particular attention will be devoted to 2 widely studied dopants, Ce3+ and Eu2+. The nature of the 4f-5d transition is examd. by combining phenomenol. theories with quantum mech. calcns. An emphasis is placed on the correlation of host crystal structures with the 5d-4f luminescence characteristics of lanthanides, including quantum yield, emission color, decay rate, and thermal quenching behavior. Several parameters, Debye temp. and dielec. const. of the host crystal, geometrical structure of coordination polyhedron around the luminescent center, and the accurate energies of 4f and 5d levels, as well as the position of 4f and 5d levels relative to the valence and conduction bands of the hosts, are addressed as basic criteria for high-throughput computational design of lanthanide-activated phosphors.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXjtlKhsb8%253D&md5=3a435b54e5b0b762345f2a09b08ffaa7
44. 44
  Zhang, W.; Shen, Y.; Liu, M.; Gao, P.; Pu, H.; Fan, L.; Jiang, R.; Liu, Z.; Shi, F.; Lu, H. Sub-10 Nm Water-Dispersible β-NaGdF₄: X%Eu³⁺ Nanoparticles with Enhanced Biocompatibility for in Vivo X-Ray Luminescence Computed Tomography. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 39985– 39993, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11295
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
45. 45
  Runowski, M.; Marciniak, J.; Grzyb, T.; Przybylska, D.; Shyichuk, A.; Barszcz, B.; Katrusiak, A.; Lis, S. Lifetime nanomanometry - high-pressure luminescence of up-converting lanthanide nanocrystals - SrF₂:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 16030– 16037, DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04353h
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
46. 46
  Wang, C.; Zhou, T.; Jiang, J.; Geng, H.; Ning, Z.; Lai, X.; Bi, J.; Gao, D. Multicolor Tunable Luminescence Based on Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺ Doping through a Facile Hydrothermal Route. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 26184– 26190, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07172
  46
  Multicolor Tunable Luminescence Based on Tb3+/Eu3+ Doping through a Facile Hydrothermal Route
  Wang, Chao; Zhou, Ting; Jiang, Jing; Geng, Huiyuan; Ning, Zhanglei; Lai, Xin; Bi, Jian; Gao, Daojiang
  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2017), 9 (31), 26184-26190CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
  Ln3+-doped fluoride is a far efficient material for realizing multicolor emission, which plays an important part in full-color displays, biolabeling, and MRI. However, studies on the multicolor tuning properties of Ln3+-doped fluoride are mainly concd. on a complicated process using three or more dopants, and the principle of energy transfer mechanism is still unclear. Herein, multicolor tunable emission is successfully obtained only by codoping with Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions in β-NaGdF4 submicrocrystals via a facile hydrothermal route. Our work reveals that various emission colors can be obtained and tuned from red, orange-red, pink, and blue-green to green under single excitation energy via codoping Tb3+ and Eu3+ with rationally changed Eu3+/Tb3+ molar ratio due to the energy transfer between Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions in the β-NaGdF4 host matrix. Meanwhile, the energy transfer mechanism in β-NaGdF4: x Eu3+/y Tb3+ (x + y = 5 mol %) submicrocrystals is investigated. Our results evidence the potential of the dopants' distribution d. as an effective way for analyzing energy transfer and multicolor-controlled mechanism in other rare earth fluoride luminescence materials. Discussions on the multicolor luminescence under a certain dopant concn. based on single host and wavelength excitation are essential toward the goal of the practical applications in the field of light display systems and optoelectronic devices.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhtFyqtr%252FO&md5=5780b8ab0b4fe594a1df9981e678a488
47. 47
  Gai, S.; Li, C.; Yang, P.; Lin, J. Recent Progress in Rare Earth Micro/Nanocrystals: Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescent Properties, and Biomedical Applications. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 2343– 2389, DOI: 10.1021/cr4001594
  47
  Recent Progress in Rare Earth Micro/Nanocrystals: Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescent Properties, and Biomedical Applications
  Gai, Shili; Li, Chunxia; Yang, Piaoping; Lin, Jun
  Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2014), 114 (4), 2343-2389CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
  A review. The authors describe the basic concepts and theories on rare earth (RE) luminescence. The methods for luminescence tuning and enhancement are discussed. The authors summarize the controllable synthesis of RE nanoparticles (NPs)/microparticles by soft chem. routes in detail, including the thermal decompn. method, hydro-/solvothermal method, copptn. method, sol-gel process, microemulsion method, microwave-assisted method, and ionic-liq.-based synthesis. Emphases is placed on finding general rules in every reaction system in order to guide material synthesis. The strategies for hydrophilic modification and bio-conjugation of RE NPs, as well as their toxicity, are presented. Recent research progress on biomedical applications, including imaging and clin. therapy, is highlighted.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvFCrsLjM&md5=ea79b93078f7e0bae44b0d43e2eed042
48. 48
  Stanicki, D.; Elst, L. V.; Muller, R. N.; Laurent, S. Synthesis and Processing of Magnetic Nanoparticles. Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 2015, 8, 7– 14, DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2015.01.003
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
49. 49
  Khan, K.; Rehman, S.; Rahman, H. U.; Khan, Q. Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles. In Nanomagnetism; Estevez, M. G., Ed.; One Central Press, 2014; pp 135– 159.
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
50. 50
  Laurent, S.; Forge, D.; Port, M.; Roch, A.; Robic, C.; Vander Elst, L.; Muller, R. N. Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2064– 2110, DOI: 10.1021/cr068445e
  50
  Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications
  Laurent, Sophie; Forge, Delphine; Port, Marc; Roch, Alain; Robic, Caroline; Vander Elst, Luce; Muller, Robert N.
  Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2008), 108 (6), 2064-2110CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
  A review. In this review, we summarize the chem. routes for the synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (classic synthesis by pptn., high-temp. reactions, reactions in steric environments, sol-gel reactions, decompn. of organometallic precursors, polyol methods, etc.), fluid stabilization (using electrostatic layer or sterical repulsion), surface modification for grafting biomols. (different methods of particle vectorization), the different techniques for structural and physicochem. characterization [photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), magnetometry and relaxivity profiles (NMRD curves), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and X-ray diffraction (XRD)], and we give some biomedical applications (MRI, cellular targeting, hyperthermia, in vitro biosepn., etc.). At the present time, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are routinely used as contrast agents for targeting organs (liver and spleen) or lymph nodes. New developments are focused on targeting through mol. imaging and cell tracking. A challenge is the functionalization of nanoparticle surfaces. Another challenge is the synthesis of stealth nanoparticles able to circulate in the blood compartment for a prolonged time and bearing ligands able to facilitate their specific internalization in tumor cells. This review, on the other hand, constitutes a more complete view of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. It includes greater emphasis on synthesis and characterization, delves into all physicochem. properties, and gives some examples of biomedical applications in the field of mol. imaging and cell targeting.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXmvFCjtb0%253D&md5=31f03a88799a26f5fdec46c635876b3c
51. 51
  Fleet, M. E. The Structure of Magnetite. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1981, 37, 917– 920, DOI: 10.1107/s0567740881004597
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
52. 52
  Markides, H.; Rotherham, M.; El Haj, A. J. Biocompatibility and Toxicity of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine. J. Nanomater. 2012, 2012, 1– 11, DOI: 10.1155/2012/614094
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
53. 53
  Revia, R. A.; Zhang, M. Magnetite Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Treatment Monitoring: Recent Advances. Mater. Today 2016, 19, 157– 168, DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2015.08.022
  53
  Magnetite nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and treatment monitoring: recent advances
  Revia, Richard A.; Zhang, Miqin
  Materials Today (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2016), 19 (3), 157-168CODEN: MTOUAN; ISSN:1369-7021. (Elsevier Ltd.)
  A review. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) for use in all facets of oncol. disease detection and therapy has shown great progress over the past two decades. NPs have been tailored for use as contrast enhancement agents for imaging, drug delivery vehicles, and most recently as a therapeutic component in initiating tumor cell death in magnetic and photonic ablation therapies. Of the many possible core constituents of NPs, such as gold, silver, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, manganese oxide, lipids, micelles, etc., iron oxide (or magnetite) based NPs have been extensively investigated due to their excellent superparamagnetic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. This review addresses recent applications of magnetite NPs in diagnosis, treatment, and treatment monitoring of cancer. Finally, some views will be discussed concerning the toxicity and clin. translation of iron oxide NPs and the future outlook of NP development to facilitate multiple therapies in a single formulation for cancer theranostics.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhsFWntr%252FF&md5=fea8d3150c8e02065dbe316e423634f8
54. 54
  Catalano, E.; Miola, M.; Ferraris, S.; Novak, S.; Oltolina, F.; Cochis, A.; Prat, M.; Vernè, E.; Rimondini, L.; Follenzi, A. Magnetite and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles are highly biocompatible on endothelial cellsin vitro. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express 2017, 3, 025015, DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa62cc
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
55. 55
  Goderski, S.; Runowski, M.; Stopikowska, N.; Lis, S. Luminescent-plasmonic effects in GdPO₄:Eu³⁺ nanorods covered with silver nanoparticles. J. Lumin. 2017, 188, 24– 30, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.04.008
  55
  Luminescent-plasmonic effects in GdPO4:Eu3+ nanorods covered with silver nanoparticles
  Goderski, Szymon; Runowski, Marcin; Stopikowska, Natalia; Lis, Stefan
  Journal of Luminescence (2017), 188 (), 24-30CODEN: JLUMA8; ISSN:0022-2313. (Elsevier B.V.)
  Luminescent-plasmonic, core/shell type GdPO4:Eu3+/SiO2/NH2/Ag nanomaterials, with elongated, rod-like morphol. were successfully synthesized. The Eu3+-doped GdPO4 nanorods prepd. via hydrothermal synthesis route were surface modified by coating with amine modified silica shell. The as-prepd. luminescent core/shell nanostructures were impregnated with AgNO3 soln., followed by Ag+→Ag° redn. with NaBH4 soln., forming small silver nanoparticles (NPs) attached to the external silica shell. The obtained multifunctional nanomaterials showed simultaneously bright red emission, under UV light irradiations and plasmonic activity originating from the surface Ag NPs. The plasmonic phase influenced on spectroscopic properties of the products, altering the shape of the excitation and emission spectra (changing bands intensity and their ratio), as well as shortening the emission lifetimes of the Eu3+ ion. The products synthesized were characterized by the following techniques: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); energy dispersive X-ray anal. (EDX); UV-vis absorption spectroscopy; luminescence spectroscopy, i.e. measurements of excitation and emission spectra, and luminescence decay curves.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXlvFCltbg%253D&md5=b59dc6b1f4c8c3aaea046ae7da20dc66
56. 56
  Runowski, M.; Goderski, S.; Paczesny, J.; Księżopolska-Gocalska, M.; Ekner-Grzyb, A.; Grzyb, T.; Rybka, J. D.; Giersig, M.; Lis, S. Preparation of Biocompatible, Luminescent-Plasmonic Core/Shell Nanomaterials Based on Lanthanide and Gold Nanoparticles Exhibiting SERS Effects. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 23788– 23798, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06644
  56
  Preparation of Biocompatible, Luminescent-Plasmonic Core/Shell Nanomaterials Based on Lanthanide and Gold Nanoparticles Exhibiting SERS Effects
  Runowski, Marcin; Goderski, Szymon; Paczesny, Jan; Ksiezopolska-Gocalska, Monika; Ekner-Grzyb, Anna; Grzyb, Tomasz; Rybka, Jakub D.; Giersig, Michael; Lis, Stefan
  Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2016), 120 (41), 23788-23798CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
  Multifunctional core/shell type nanomaterials composed of nanocryst., lanthanide doped fluorides and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were successfully prepd. The products were synthesized to combine luminescence properties of the core NPs, i.e. LnF3/SiO2-NH2 and KLn3F10/SiO2-NH2, and plasmonic activity of the shell Au NPs within a single nanomaterial. The luminescent lanthanide NPs (10 or 150-200 nm) were sepd. from the gold NPs (6-30 nm) using an amine modified silica shell (thickness ≈ 30 nm). The synthesized products exhibited bright green (Tb3+) and red (Eu3+) emission under UV light irradn. Surface modification with Au NPs influenced the product emission and luminescence decay characteristics. The luminescent-plasmonic nanomaterials were used as platforms for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid, choline and T4 bacteriophages were utilized as SERS probes. For all synthesized nanomaterials, the SERS spectra for all probes studied exhibited higher intensity in comparison with the spectra measured using a com. SERS substrate. Cytotoxicity of the products was evaluated in fibroblast cells. The results obtained showed biocompatibility of the synthesized nanomaterials in a dose-dependent manner.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsFOktrjE&md5=582115702d009365ad78838380642dda
57. 57
  Runowski, M. Color-tunable up-conversion emission of luminescent-plasmonic, core/shell nanomaterials - KY₃F₁₀ :Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺/SiO₂-NH₂/Au. J. Lumin. 2017, 186, 199– 204, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.02.032
  57
  Color-tunable up-conversion emission of luminescent-plasmonic, core/shell nanomaterials - KY3F10:Yb3+,Tm3+/SiO2-NH2/Au
  Runowski, Marcin
  Journal of Luminescence (2017), 186 (), 199-204CODEN: JLUMA8; ISSN:0022-2313. (Elsevier B.V.)
  Multifunctional luminescent-plasmonic KY3F10:Yb3+,Tm3+/SiO2-NH2/Au nanomaterials were successfully obtained. The lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized under hydrothermal conditions exhibited bright blue up-conversion luminescence (λex=980 nm). Such lanthanide nanocrystals (20-40 nm) were coated with amine modified silica shell, forming core/shell nanostructures. Their surface was further uniformly covered with ultra-small gold NPs (4-7 nm). The as-prepd. luminescent-plasmonic core/shell nanomaterials exhibited tunable up-conversion emission, due to the interactions between plasmonic and luminescent phases. The emission of Tm3+ ion was affected by the surface Au NPs, which exhibited strong plasmonic absorption in the visible range (450-650 nm). The increasing amt. of the surface Au NPs, led to the significant alterations in a ratio of the Tm3+ emission bands. The NIR band (3H4→3H6) was unchanged, whereas the ratio and relative intensity of the bands in a visible range (1G4→3H6 and 1G4→3F4) was altered. This led to the significant change of the emission spectra shape and influenced color of emission, tuning it from bright blue to blue-violet. The products obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray anal. (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy (excitation/emission spectra and luminescence decay curves).
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXjtlKjsbY%253D&md5=fbee479db7c97685ce6b448e4cac9f0a
58. 58
  Szczeszak, A.; Ekner-Grzyb, A.; Runowski, M.; Szutkowski, K.; Mrówczyńska, L.; Kaźmierczak, Z.; Grzyb, T.; Dąbrowska, K.; Giersig, M.; Lis, S. Spectroscopic, Structural and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Luminescent, Lanthanide Doped Core@shell Nanomaterials GdVO₄:Eu³⁺5%@SiO₂@NH₂. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2016, 481, 245– 255, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.025
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
59. 59
  Kulpinski, P.; Laszkiewicz, B.; Niekraszewicz, B.; Czarnecki, P.; Rubacha, M.; Peczek, B.; Jedrzejczak, J.; Kozlowski, R.; Mankowski, J. The Method of Making Modified Cellulose Fibers. EP 1601824, 2005.
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
60. 60
  Wang, S.; Lu, A.; Zhang, L. Recent Advances in Regenerated Cellulose Materials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2016, 53, 169– 206, DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.07.003
  60
  Recent advances in regenerated cellulose materials
  Wang, Sen; Lu, Ang; Zhang, Lina
  Progress in Polymer Science (2016), 53 (), 169-206CODEN: PRPSB8; ISSN:0079-6700. (Elsevier Ltd.)
  The dual threats of the depletion of nonrenewable energy and environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based polymers motivate utilization of naturally occurring polymers to create new materials. Cellulose, as the most abundant natural polymer on earth, has attracted attention due to its renewability, wide availability, low-cost, biocompatibility and biodegradability, etc. Regenerated cellulose may be constructed simply via phys. dissoln. and regeneration, an environmentally friendly process avoiding the consuming of chems. since most of the reagents (solvents, coagulant, etc.) may be recycled and reused. "Green" solvents and techniques for the prepn. of the environmentally friendly regenerated cellulose materials have been developed successfully, showing great potentials in the fields of polymer science and technol.In this article, the widely used non-derivatizing cellulose solvents are summarized, including their dissoln. mechanisms. Regenerated cellulose materials with different functions and properties have been designed and fabricated in different forms, such as filaments, films/membranes, microspheres/beads, hydrogels/aerogels and bioplastics, etc., to meet various demands. The concept of regeneration through a phys. process is illustrated, and a no. of novel regenerated cellulose materials are introduced for wide applications in textiles, packaging, biomedicine, water treatment, optical/elec. devices, agriculture and food, etc. The methodol. of material processing and the resultant properties and functions are also covered in this review, with emphasis on the neat regenerated cellulose materials and the composite materials. The 277 refs. cited concerning the direct prepn. of cellulose materials via phys. dissoln. and regeneration are representative of the wide impact and benefits of the regenerated cellulose materials to society.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtlSlt7vF&md5=2e56f386cb2c0333ad87965fcab7826e
61. 61
  Dogan, H.; Hilmioglu, N. D. Dissolution of Cellulose with NMMO by Microwave Heating. Carbohydr. Polym. 2009, 75, 90– 94, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.06.014
  61
  Dissolution of cellulose with NMMO by microwave heating
  Dogan, Hacer; Hilmioglu, Nilufer Durmaz
  Carbohydrate Polymers (2009), 75 (1), 90-94CODEN: CAPOD8; ISSN:0144-8617. (Elsevier Ltd.)
  Environmentally friendly microwave heating process was applied to the dissoln. of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) with 105-490 W and 2450 MHz microwave energy until the dissoln. completed. Microwave heating caused the decrease in the dissoln. time and energy consumption. Cellulose/NMMO/water solns. with different cellulose concns. were converted to the membrane to measure the crystallinity and d.p. It was shown that microwave heating with the power of 210 W is an alternative heating system for dissoln. of cellulose in NMMO. The membranes obtained with two different heating methods showed the same crystallinity and d.p. As a result, microwave heating has an advantage in shortening reaction times, compared to conventional heating.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhtFCiu7bI&md5=d5370ee898b5846294ca88c9627fb2ff
62. 62
  Righi, S.; Morfino, A.; Galletti, P.; Samorì, C.; Tugnoli, A.; Stramigioli, C. Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessments of cellulose dissolution with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide. Green Chem. 2011, 13, 367– 375, DOI: 10.1039/c0gc00647e
  62
  Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessments of cellulose dissolution with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide
  Righi, Serena; Morfino, Andrea; Galletti, Paola; Samori, Chiara; Tugnoli, Alessandro; Stramigioli, Carlo
  Green Chemistry (2011), 13 (2), 367-375CODEN: GRCHFJ; ISSN:1463-9262. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
  The expected environmental impacts of industrial cellulose dissoln. with the ionic liq., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) were analyzed using cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA). To weigh the green-ness of the process, an anal. was performed by comparison with the well established, environment-friendly N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)/water process. Although cellulose dissoln. in BmimCl has not been used for industrial cellulose fiber prodn. to date, LCA results suggested it could be interesting from an environmental viewpoint since its impacts are similar to those of the NMMO/water process. Specifically, the BmimCl process generates a higher environmental load on abiotic resource depletion, volatile org. compd. emissions, and ecotoxicity than the NMMO/water process. Conversely, it has some environmental advantages with regards to human toxicity. In both cellulose dissoln. processes, major contributions to environmental impacts are from precursor syntheses. In addn. to the comparative anal. of these 2 cellulose dissoln. processes, this work reports the complete life cycle inventory of the 2 solvents, BmimCl and NMMO, and their life cycle impact assessment.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXhs1GjtLw%253D&md5=f81c428f8235d3fd57303b6062496af7
63. 63
  Fink, H.-P.; Weigel, P.; Purz, H. J.; Ganster, J. Structure Formation of Regenerated Cellulose Materials from NMMO-Solutions. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26, 1473– 1524, DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00025-9
  63
  Structure formation of regenerated cellulose materials from NMMO-solutions
  Fink, H.-P.; Weigel, P.; Purz, H. J.; Ganster, J.
  Progress in Polymer Science (2001), 26 (9), 1473-1524CODEN: PRPSB8; ISSN:0079-6700. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)
  A review with 118 refs. is presented. Cellulose (I), as the most abundant re-growing org. material, exhibits outstanding properties and useful applications, but also a tremendous challenge with regard to economical and environmentally friendly chem. processing. In recent years N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)-technol. emerged as a simple phys. alternative to the yet dominating viscose-technol. for producing regenerated I fibers, films, food casings, membranes, sponges, beads, etc. without hazardous byproducts. The state-of-the-art knowledge on structure formation of fibers and films via the NMMO-route, comprising the I-NMMO-water phase system, the state of soln., the dry jet-wet shaping, the pptn., and the drying stages, is discussed. Dissolving pulp, as the starting material, can be dissolved easily without pretreatment in NMMO-monohydrate. The fairly (8-12%) concd. soln. of I in NMMO-monohydrate is characterized by a marked elastic behavior similar to a polymer melt, which can be quantified by rheol. measurements of the storage and loss moduli. As found by light scattering expts. of dild. I-NMMO solns., there exist aggregates of mols., even in the dild. soln., with the no. of mols. corresponding to solid-state morphol. units (crystallites, microfibrils). As shown by WAXS-RDF anal. of the concd. solns. at elevated temp., the typical short-range order of a pure NMMO-water system is only slightly disturbed by the I mols. Fiber formation occurs in a dry jet-wet spinning process, with several phys. factors, e.g. nozzle and air-gap dimensions, draw-down ratio, and take-up speed, and dope characteristics, e.g. cellulose DP and concn., temp., and modifiers, influencing the shaping process and the final fiber properties. The pptn. process was previously shown to be another stage capable of affecting the structure and properties of the fibers as, e.g. by a 2-step pptn. leading to a skin-core structure and improved fiber properties (decreased fibrillation). The NMMO method offers, for the 1st time, the possibility of producing blow-extruded tube-like films similar to the polyolefin blown film processing. The influencing parameters are discussed, and the properties of the new blown cellulosic films are shown to be superior to cellophane. Finally, the structures and properties of the NMMO-type fibers and films have been investigated, and differences between the new materials and the traditional viscose-based fibers and films were shown and related to the different structure formation routes.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3MXoslCjsbg%253D&md5=ca2b3806497799358ae0f2f02dc06430
64. 64
  Meister, G.; Wechsler, M. Biodegradation of N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide. Biodegradation 1998, 9, 91– 102, DOI: 10.1023/a:1008264908921
  There is no corresponding record for this reference.
65. 65
  Runowski, M.; Lis, S. Synthesis of lanthanide doped CeF₃:Gd³⁺, Sm³⁺ nanoparticles, exhibiting altered luminescence after hydrothermal post-treatment. J. Alloys Compd. 2016, 661, 182– 189, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.182
  65
  Synthesis of lanthanide doped CeF3:Gd3+, Sm3+ nanoparticles, exhibiting altered luminescence after hydrothermal post-treatment
  Runowski, Marcin; Lis, Stefan
  Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2016), 661 (), 182-189CODEN: JALCEU; ISSN:0925-8388. (Elsevier B.V.)
  Nanocryst. (≈5-10 nm), lanthanide doped fluorides - CeF3:Gd3+, Sm3+ were prepd. by a simple copptn. method. The as-prepd. nanoparticles were hydrothermally treated, which resulted in increased crystallinity and size of the nanocrystals formed (≈50-100 nm). The pptd. products (before the hydrothermal treatment) exhibited pink luminescence. The hydrothermal post-treatment of the colloidal nanomaterials caused alteration of their luminescence, the emission was tuned from pink to orange. This was because of the increased energy transfer from Ce3+ and Gd3+ ions to the Sm3+ ion (luminescence activator), in larger and better crystd. nanoparticles. The products obtained in the presence of EDTA and citric acid revealed altered morphol., being more homogeneous and monodisperse, as well. The structural and morphol. properties of the nanomaterials synthesized were detd. by powder XRD, TEM and IR spectroscopy (FTIR). Elemental anal., thermogravimetric-DTA (TG-DTA) and energy dispersive x-ray anal. (EDX) confirmed the nanomaterials compn. The luminescence properties of the products were studied based on the recorded excitation/emission spectra and emission-decay curves. Radiative lifetimes and luminescence quantum yields were also detd.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXitVShu7fM&md5=bea23edf28f91947554a15629969a3e0
66. 66
  Guo, Q.; Zhao, C.; Jiang, Z.; Liao, L.; Liu, H.; Yang, D.; Mei, L. Novel Emission-Tunable Oxyapatites-Type Phosphors: Synthesis, Luminescent Properties and the Applications in White Light Emitting Diodes with Higher Color Rendering Index. Dyes Pigm. 2017, 139, 361– 371, DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.12.042
  66
  Novel emission-tunable oxyapatites-type phosphors: Synthesis, luminescent properties and the applications in white light emitting diodes with higher color rendering index
  Guo, Qingfeng; Zhao, Chenglong; Jiang, Zhouqing; Liao, Libing; Liu, Haikun; Yang, Dan; Mei, Lefu
  Dyes and Pigments (2017), 139 (), 361-371CODEN: DYPIDX; ISSN:0143-7208. (Elsevier Ltd.)
  Developing color-tunable phosphors via the introduction of co-doping activators and sensitizers to the host with energy transfer processes was a state-of-the-art topic for a long time. Novel emission-tunable oxyapatites-type Ba10(PO4)6O:Eu2+,Tb3+/Li+ phosphors were prepd. via a high temp. solid state reaction for the applications in white light emitting diodes (w-LEDs) with higher color rendering index. Tunable colors from blue to green can be realized in the Ba10(PO4)6O:Eu2+, Tb3+/ Li+ by varying the relative ratios of Eu2+ to Tb3+, showing good absorption at 230-400 nm. The energy transfer mechanism from Eu2+ to Tb3+ ions is a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction by combining the Inokuti-Hirayama (I-H) model and Reisfeld's approxn. Importantly, a prototype white lamp was packaged by mixing Ba9.83(PO4)6O:0.03Eu2+,0.07Tb3+,0.07Li+ and com. red phosphor CaAlSiN3: Eu2+, and the lamp exhibits a higher color rendering index (Ra = 92 and R9 = 56) and warm correlated color temp. of 4361 K for the actual application. Better luminescent properties compared to com. Y3Al5O12:Ce3+-based w-LEDs, indicating that Ba10(PO4)6O: Eu2+, Tb3+/Li+ phosphors are emerging as potential phosphor-converted w-LEDs. Crystallog. data are given.
  >> More from SciFinder ^®
  https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhtVKiuw%253D%253D&md5=ce8538c805ff7a96a4b194a997866cf9
Supporting Information
Supporting Information
The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00965.
- Preparation of the core/shell-type NPs; overview of TEM images; photographs of the colloidal modifier; concentration of the modifiers in cellulose fibers; determination of the modifier concentration; EDX spectra of the modified fibers; and grain size distribution histograms for Fe₃O₄ (PDF)
- ao8b00965_si_001.pdf (1.22 MB)
Terms & Conditions

Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

Luminescent–Magnetic Cellulose Fibers, Modified with Lanthanide-Doped Core/Shell NanostructuresClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!

ACS Omega

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Structure and Morphology

Figure 1

2.2. Concentration of a Modifier in the Fibers

2.3. SEM–EDX Analysis

Figure 2

Figure 3

2.4. Luminescence Properties of the Modified Fibers

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

2.5. Magnetic Properties

Figure 7

2.6. Mechanical Properties

Figure 8

3. Conclusions

4. Experimental Section

4.1. Materials

4.2. Instrumentations

4.3. Preparation of the Spinning Dope

4.4. Preparation of Cellulose Fibers

Supporting Information

Terms & Conditions

Author Information

Acknowledgments

References

Cited By

ACS Omega

Article Views

Altmetric

Citations

Recommended Articles

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

References

Supporting Information

Supporting Information

Terms & Conditions

Luminescent–Magnetic Cellulose Fibers, Modified with Lanthanide-Doped Core/Shell Nanostructures
Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!