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Coulomb Interactions and the Spatial Coherence of Femtosecond Nanometric Electron Pulses

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    Coulomb Interactions and the Spatial Coherence of Femtosecond Nanometric Electron Pulses
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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2022, 9, 9, 3083–3088
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00839
    Published August 15, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The transverse coherence of electrons is of utmost importance in high resolution electron microscopes, point-projection microscopes, low-energy electron microscopy, and various other applications. Pulsed versions of many of these have recently been realized, mostly relying on femtosecond laser-triggering electron emission from a sharp needle source. We here observe electron interference fringes and measure how the interference visibility becomes reduced as we increase the emitted electron bunch charge. Due to the extremely strong spatiotemporal confinement of the electrons generated here, we observe the visibility reduction already at average electron bunch charges of less than 1 electron per pulse, owing to the stochastic nature of the emission process. We can fully and quantitatively explain the loss of coherence based on model simulations. Via the van Cittert–Zernike theorem, we connect the visibility reduction to an increase in the effective source size. We conclude by discussing emittance, brightness, and quantum degeneracy, which have direct ramifications to many setups and devices relying on pulsed coherent electrons.

    Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00839.

    • Explanations to the expected visibility from a polychromatic, spatially extended source; Extraction of the visibility from the experimental data; Details to the numerical simulations; Electron beam properties extracted from the simulation (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 10 publications.

    1. Leon Brückner, Constantin Nauk, Philip Dienstbier, Constanze Gerner, Bastian Löhrl, Timo Paschen, Peter Hommelhoff. A Gold Needle Tip Array Ultrafast Electron Source with High Beam Quality. Nano Letters 2024, 24 (16) , 5018-5023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00870
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    6. J. Kuttruff, J. Holder, Y. Meng, P. Baum. Real-time electron clustering in an event-driven hybrid pixel detector. Ultramicroscopy 2024, 255 , 113864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113864
    7. M. Krüger, P. Hommelhoff. Next-generation Electron Sources. 2023, 589-615. https://doi.org/10.1039/BK9781837671564-00589
    8. Rudolf Haindl, Armin Feist, Till Domröse, Marcel Möller, John H. Gaida, Sergey V. Yalunin, Claus Ropers. Coulomb-correlated electron number states in a transmission electron microscope beam. Nature Physics 2023, 19 (10) , 1410-1417. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02067-7
    9. Rudolf Haindl, Kerim Köster, John H. Gaida, Maximilian Franz, Armin Feist, Claus Ropers. Femtosecond tunable-wavelength photoassisted cold field emission. Applied Physics B 2023, 129 (3) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-023-07968-2
    10. Soichiro Tsujino. On the brightness, transverse emittance, and transverse coherence of field emission beam. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 2022, 40 (3) https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001776
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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2022, 9, 9, 3083–3088
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00839
    Published August 15, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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