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Volumetric Generation of Optical Vortices with Metasurfaces

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School of Optoelectronics and §Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Cite this: ACS Photonics 2017, 4, 2, 338–346
Publication Date (Web):January 3, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00808
Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    Recent advances in metasurfaces, i.e., two-dimensional arrays of engineered nanoscale inclusions that are assembled onto a surface, have revolutionized the way to control electromagnetic waves with ultrathin, compact components. The generation of optical vortex beams, which carry orbital angular momentum, has emerged as a vital approach to applications ranging from high-capacity optical communication to parallel laser fabrication. However, the typically bulky elements used for the generation of optical vortices impose a fundamental limit toward on-chip integration with subwavelength footprints. Here, we investigate and experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional volumetric optical vortices generation based on light–matter interaction with a high-efficiency dielectric metasurface. By employing the concepts of Dammann vortex gratings and spiral Dammann zone plates, a 3D optical vortex array with micrometer spatial separation is achieved from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Importantly, we show that the topological charge distribution can be spatially variant and fully controlled by the design.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00808.

    • Detailed optimization process of metasurface parameters, experimental investigation of 3D vortex array, and verification of spatially variant topological charges (PDF)

    • Evolution of a 3D vortex array at λ = 633 nm (AVI)

    • Evolution of a 3D vortex array at λ = 785 nm (AVI)

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