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Ultraefficient Cascade Energy Transfer in Dye-Sensitized Core/Shell Fluoride Nanoparticles
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    Ultraefficient Cascade Energy Transfer in Dye-Sensitized Core/Shell Fluoride Nanoparticles
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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2019, 6, 3, 659–666
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01465
    Published February 13, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The multistep sequential dye → Nd3+ → Yb3+ energy transfer leading to significantly enhanced emission at 1 μm has been investigated in core–shell CaF2 nanoparticles. We demonstrate that, by controlling the relative positions and the distance between energy donor (Nd3+) and acceptor (Yb3+) units through the confinement of the donor into a thin shell well below the Förster’s radius, virtually fully efficient Yb3+ sensitization can be achieved. Optimized and facile synthetic protocols by employing a hot injection approach allowed the controlled deposition of a ∼0.4 nm thick Nd3+-doped outer shell on Yb3+-doped core nanoparticles of less than 4 nm diameter. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye on the surface of the nanoparticles acts as efficient visible-light harvester, enabling the sensitization via nonradiative energy transfer of emitting lanthanide ions (Ln3+). The short distance between Nd3+ and Yb3+ allows for ultraefficient (∼90%) interlanthanide energy transfer resulting in an Yb3+ sensitization efficiency of over 90% thanks to the “bridging effect” of Nd3+ energy donors. As a result, the overall near-infrared quantum yield increases by ∼40% with respect to dye-only sensitized Yb3+ and a total enhancement of about 2100× the 1 μm luminescence intensity with respect to directly excited Yb-only nanoparticles, which is the highest figure of merit reported in literature so far for NIR-emitting analogous systems, is observed. The achievement of sensitization efficiencies so far only obtained in tightly bonded lanthanide molecular complexes, through a design strategy of general validity, opens new perspectives in regard to the potential application of this type of nanoparticle for optical amplification at 1 μm.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01465.

    • Powder XRD patterns, additional absorption and emission spectra, additional time-resolved measurements, and photophysical parameters as described in text (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 22 publications.

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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2019, 6, 3, 659–666
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01465
    Published February 13, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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