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Multiple Epsilon-Near-Zero Resonances in Multilayered Cadmium Oxide: Designing Metamaterial-Like Optical Properties in Monolithic Materials

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    Multiple Epsilon-Near-Zero Resonances in Multilayered Cadmium Oxide: Designing Metamaterial-Like Optical Properties in Monolithic Materials
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    • Kyle P. Kelley
      Kyle P. Kelley
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
      More by Kyle P. Kelley
    • Evan L. Runnerstrom*
      Evan L. Runnerstrom
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Evan L. Runnerstrom
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-708X
    • Edward Sachet
      Edward Sachet
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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    • Christopher T. Shelton
      Christopher T. Shelton
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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    • Everett D. Grimley
      Everett D. Grimley
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
      More by Everett D. Grimley
    • Andrew Klump
      Andrew Klump
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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    • James M. LeBeau
      James M. LeBeau
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7726-3533
    • Zlatko Sitar
      Zlatko Sitar
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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    • Jonathan Y. Suen
      Jonathan Y. Suen
      Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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    • Willie J. Padilla
      Willie J. Padilla
      Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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    • Jon-Paul Maria*
      Jon-Paul Maria
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2019, 6, 5, 1139–1145
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00367
    Published April 18, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    In this Letter, we demonstrate a new class of infrared nanophotonic materials based on monolithic, multilayered doped cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films, where each CdO layer is individually tuned to support a separate epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) resonance. Infrared reflectivity measurements reveal that the optical response of the multilayered stack combines multiple discrete absorption events, each associated with an individual ENZ plasmonic polaritonic mode. Structural and chemical characterization confirm that the multilayers are homoepitaxial and monolithic, with internal interfaces defined by discrete steps in dopant density and carrier concentration. Structurally, the layers are indistinguishable as they differ from their neighbors by only ∼1 in 10000 constituent atoms. The optoelectronic property contrast, however, is pronounced, as each layer maintains an independent electron concentration, as corroborated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and numerical solutions to Poisson’s equation. It is this electron confinement that imbues each individual layer with the ability to independently resonate at separate mid-infrared frequencies. We additionally demonstrate simultaneous thermal emission of infrared light from each individual layer at its respective ENZ frequency, pursuant to Kirchhoff’s law of radiation. The highly localized property contrast intrinsic to these monoliths offers great potential in nanophotonics, plasmonics, and physics thanks to the ability to engineer infrared response and achieve metamaterial-like optical properties without the need for lithography or micro/nanofabrication. New possibilities arising from this work include strongly tunable and multimodal perfect absorbers as well as spectrally engineered and narrow-band light emitters.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00367.

    • Electronic properties of In:CdO films, additional characterization of In:CdO multilayers (high-resolution XRD, STEM, AFM), FDTD simulations of In:CdO multilayers (reflectivity map, electric field profiles), simulated In:CdO dielectric functions, reflectivity map of 7-layer In:CdO broadband absorber, and additional experimental details (PDF)

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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2019, 6, 5, 1139–1145
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00367
    Published April 18, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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