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Antifouling Ultrafiltration Membranes via Post-Fabrication Grafting of Biocidal Nanomaterials
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    Antifouling Ultrafiltration Membranes via Post-Fabrication Grafting of Biocidal Nanomaterials
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    * Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 8, 2861–2868
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/am200522v
    Published July 7, 2011
    Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society

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    Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes perform critical pre-treatment functions in advanced water treatment processes. In operational systems, however, biofouling decreases membrane performance and increases the frequency and cost of chemical cleaning. The present work demonstrates a novel technique for covalently or ionically tethering antimicrobial nanoparticles to the surface of UF membranes. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) encapsulated in positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) were reacted with an oxygen plasma modified polysulfone UF membrane with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) present. The nucleophilic primary amines of the PEI react with the electrophilic carboxyl groups on the UF membrane surface to form electrostatic and covalent bonds. The irreversible modification process imparts significant antimicrobial activity to the membrane surface. Post-synthesis functionalization methods, such as the one presented here, maximize the density of nanomaterials at the membrane surface and may provide a more efficient route for fabricating diverse array of reactive nanocomposite membranes.

    Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society

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    1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) facilitated reaction (Figure S1); surface charge density of unmodified polysulfone (PSf) membrane and the PSf membrane after 60 s oxygen plasma treatment (Figure S2); attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) of PSf thin-film during the modification process (Figure S3).This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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