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Redox Characterization of Geobacter sulfurreducens Cytochrome c7:  Physiological Relevance of the Conserved Residue F15 Probed by Site-Specific Mutagenesis

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Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Portugal
Cite this: Biochemistry 2004, 43, 30, 9909–9917
Publication Date (Web):July 9, 2004
https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0492859
Copyright © 2004 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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The complete genome sequence of the δ-proteobacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens reveals a large abundance of multiheme cytochromes. Cytochrome c7, isolated from this metal ion-reducing bacterium, is a triheme periplasmic electron-transfer protein with Mr 9.6 kDa. This protein is involved in metal ion-reducing pathways and shares 56% sequence identity with a triheme cytochrome isolated from the closely related δ-proteobacterium Desulfuromonas acetoxidans (Dac7). In this work, two-dimensional NMR was used to monitor the heme core and the general folding in solution of the G. sulfurreducens triheme cytochrome c7 (PpcA). NMR signals obtained for the three hemes of PpcA at different stages of oxidation were cross-assigned to the crystal structure [Pokkuluri, P. R., Londer, Y. Y., Duke, N. E. C., Long, W. C., and Schiffer, M. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 849−859] using the complete network of chemical exchange connectivities, and the order in which each heme becomes oxidized was determined at pH 6.0 and 8.2. Redox titrations followed by visible spectroscopy were also performed in order to monitor the macroscopic redox behavior of PpcA. The results obtained showed that PpcA and Dac7 have different redox properties:  (i) the order in which each heme becomes oxidized is different; (ii) the reduction potentials of the heme groups and the global redox behavior of PpcA are pH dependent (redox−Bohr effect) in the physiological pH range, which is not observed with Dac7. The differences observed in the redox behavior of PpcA and Dac7 may account for the different functions of these proteins and constitute an excellent example of how homologous proteins can perform different physiological functions. The redox titrations followed by visible spectroscopy of PpcA and two mutants of the conserved residue F15 (PpcAF15Y and PpcAF15W) lead to the conclusion that F15 modulates the redox behavior of PpcA, thus having an important physiological role.

 This work is supported by FCT-Portugal Grant POCTI/42902/QUI/2001 (approved by FCT and POCTI and cofinanced by FEDER) and by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Structural Biology and NABIR programs, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. Miguel Pessanha acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for a doctoral fellowship (SFRH/5229/2001).

 Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

§

 Argonne National Laboratory.

*

 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone:  (351) 214 469 848. Fax:  (351) 214 428 766. E-mail:  [email protected]

 Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

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Total correlation spectroscopy NMR spectra for PpcA and PpcAF15Y in the reduced form, exchange spectroscopy NMR spectra for PpcA at pH 8.2 illustrating the cross-peaks between heme signals in several different oxidation stages, and a plot with the α-band region of the visible spectra used for the PpcA potentiometric titration carried out at pH 6.9. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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  24. Leonor Morgado, Ana P. Fernandes, Yuri Y. Londer, P. Raj Pokkuluri, Marianne Schiffer, Carlos A. Salgueiro. Thermodynamic characterization of the redox centres in a representative domain of a novel c-type multihaem cytochrome. Biochemical Journal 2009, 420 (3) , 485-492. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20082428
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  26. Leonor Morgado, Marta Bruix, Valerie Orshonsky, Yuri Y. Londer, Norma E.C. Duke, Xiaojing Yang, P. Raj Pokkuluri, Marianne Schiffer, Carlos A. Salgueiro. Structural insights into the modulation of the redox properties of two Geobacter sulfurreducens homologous triheme cytochromes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2008, 1777 (9) , 1157-1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.043
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  30. Teresa Santos-Silva, João Miguel Dias, Alain Dolla, Marie-Claire Durand, Luísa L. Gonçalves, Jorge Lampreia, Isabel Moura, Maria João Romão. Crystal Structure of the 16 Heme Cytochrome from Desulfovibrio gigas: A Glycosylated Protein in a Sulphate-reducing Bacterium. Journal of Molecular Biology 2007, 370 (4) , 659-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.055
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