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NMR Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans FLP-18 Neuropeptides:  Implications for NPR-1 Activation

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    NMR Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans FLP-18 Neuropeptides:  Implications for NPR-1 Activation†
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    McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 100 South Newell Drive, Building 59, Room LG-150, Gainesville, Florida 32611, The Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, United Kingdom, and The MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, United Kingdom
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    Biochemistry

    Cite this: Biochemistry 2006, 45, 24, 7586–7597
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0603928
    Published May 23, 2006
    Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide)-like peptides (FLPs) are the largest neuropeptide family in animals, particularly invertebrates. FLPs are characterized by a C−N-terminal gradient of decreasing amino acid conservation. Neuropeptide receptor 1 (NPR-1) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which has been shown to be a strong regulator of foraging behavior and aggregation responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Recently, ligands for NPR-1 were identified as neuropeptides coded by the precursor genes flp-18 and flp-21 in C. elegans. The flp-18 gene encodes eight FLPs including DFDGAMPGVLRF-NH2 and EMPGVLRF-NH2. These peptides exhibit considerably different activities on NPR-1, with the longer one showing a lower potency. We have used nuclear magnetic resonance and biological activity to investigate structural features that may explain these activity differences. Our data demonstrate that long-range electrostatic interactions exist between N-terminal aspartates and the C-terminal penultimate arginine as well as N-terminal hydrogen-bonding interactions that form transient loops within DFDGAMPGVLRF-NH2. We hypothesize that these loops, along with peptide charge, diminish the activity of this peptide on NPR-1 relative to that of EMPGVLRF-NH2. These results provide some insight into the large amino acid diversity in FLPs.

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    †

     This work was supported by a NSF CAREER grant to A.S.E., NIH 5P41RR016105, and the Human Frontier Science Program.

    ‡

     University of Florida.

    §

     These authors contributed equally to this work.

    ‖

     The Babraham Institute.

    ⊥

     The MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

    *

     To whom correspondence should be addressed:  Box 100245, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245. Telephone:  352-392-4535. Fax:  352-392-3422. E-mail:  [email protected].

    Supporting Information Available

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    Table S1, calculated pKa values for all pH-dependent resonances in all peptides examined by NMR pH titration and calculated proportion contributions for each pKa to each pH-dependent resonance; Table S2, 1H NMR chemical-shift assignments for all peptides examined by NMR. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Biochemistry

    Cite this: Biochemistry 2006, 45, 24, 7586–7597
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0603928
    Published May 23, 2006
    Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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