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Relationships among Visual Cycle Retinoids, Rhodopsin Phosphorylation, and Phototransduction in Mouse Eyes during Light and Dark Adaptation

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    Relationships among Visual Cycle Retinoids, Rhodopsin Phosphorylation, and Phototransduction in Mouse Eyes during Light and Dark Adaptation
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    ‡ Department of Biochemistry (Box 357350)
    § Department of Ophthalmology (Box 356485)
    University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
    *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Box 357350, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. Telephone: (206) 543-2871. Fax: (206) 684-1792. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Biochemistry

    Cite this: Biochemistry 2010, 49, 11, 2454–2463
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/bi1001085
    Published February 15, 2010
    Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Phosphorylation and regeneration of rhodopsin, the prototypical G-protein-coupled receptor, each can influence light and dark adaptation. To evaluate their relative contributions, we quantified rhodopsin, retinoids, phosphorylation, and photosensitivity in mice during a 90 min illumination followed by dark adaptation. During illumination, all-trans-retinyl esters and, to a lesser extent, all-trans-retinal accumulate and reach the steady state in <1 h. Each major phosphorylation site on rhodopsin reaches a steady state level of phosphorylation at a different time during illumination. The dominant factor that limits dark adaptation is isomerization of retinal. During dark adaptation, dephosphorylation of rhodopsin occurs in two phases. The faster phase corresponds to rapid dephosphorylation of regenerated rhodopsin present at the end of the illumination period. The slower phase corresponds to dephosphorylation of rhodopsin as it forms by regeneration. We conclude that rhodopsin phosphorylation has three physiological functions: it quenches phototransduction, reduces sensitivity during light adaptation, and suppresses bleached rhodopsin activity during dark adaptation.

    Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 33 publications.

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    Biochemistry

    Cite this: Biochemistry 2010, 49, 11, 2454–2463
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/bi1001085
    Published February 15, 2010
    Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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