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Three Zinc Finger Nuclear Proteins, Sp1, Sp3, and a ZBP-89 Homologue, Bind to the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Responsive Sequence of the Bovine Adrenodoxin Gene and Regulate Transcription†

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Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
Cite this: Biochemistry 2000, 39, 15, 4347–4357
Publication Date (Web):March 24, 2000
https://doi.org/10.1021/bi992298f
Copyright © 2000 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

    Adrenocorticotropin acting through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates transcription of the bovine adrenodoxin (Adx) gene in the adrenal cortex. The bovine Adx cAMP-responsive transcription sequence (CRS) has previously been found to contain two consensus GC boxes. By use of nuclear extracts from adrenocortical cells, Sp1 and Sp3 are shown here to bind to CRS. Mutations designed to enhance the identification of additional CRS binding proteins by reducing Sp protein binding showed the presence of an additional DNA-binding protein (Adx factor). Adx factor binding is inhibited by the zinc-chelating agent, 1,10-o-phenanthroline, suggesting it might be a zinc finger protein. By a fractionation/renaturation technique the Adx factor in mouse Y1 adrenocortical cells was found to be in the size range of 106−115 kDa by gel mobility shift assay. On the basis of size, the CRS sequence to which it binds, and its tentative identification as a zinc finger protein, Adx factor has been identified as a Krüppel-like zinc finger protein (a mouse ZBP-89 homologue). Further mutagenesis of CRS demonstrates that it can further be divided into two similar cAMP-responsive elements, and elimination of ZBP-89 binding does not affect cAMP responsiveness of either. Expression of these three nuclear proteins in Drosophila SL2 cells has been used to decipher the role of Adx CRS binding proteins in regulating transcription. Sp1 and Sp3 confer basal transcriptional activities, yet only Sp1 confers cAMP-responsive activity. ZBP-89 represses basal transcriptional activity.

    †

     This work was supported in part by USPHS Grants DK28350 and ES00267.

    ‡

     Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1762 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322.

    §

     Present address:  Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920, Japan.

    *

     To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0146. Tel.:  615-322-3318; Fax 615-322-4349.

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