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Antimicrobial N-Halamine Polymers and Coatings: A Review of Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
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    Antimicrobial N-Halamine Polymers and Coatings: A Review of Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
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    CNRS, UPR 15 du CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LISE, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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    Biomacromolecules

    Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2013, 14, 3, 585–601
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/bm301980q
    Published February 8, 2013
    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

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    Antimicrobial N-halamine polymers and coatings have been studied extensively over the past decade thanks to their numerous qualities such as effectiveness toward a broad spectrum of microorganisms, long-term stability, regenerability, safety to humans and environment and low cost. In this review, recent developments are described by emphasizing the synthesis of polymers and/or coatings having N-halamine moieties. Actually, three main approaches of preparation are given in detail: polymerization, generation by electrochemical route with proteins as monomers and grafting with precursor monomers. Identification and characterization of the formation of the N-halamine bonds (>N–X with X = Cl or Br or I) by physical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and by chemical reactions are described. In order to check the antimicrobial activity of the N-halamine compounds, bacterial tests are also described. Finally, some examples of application of these N-halamines in the water treatment, paints, healthcare equipment, and textile industries are presented and discussed.

    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

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    Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2013, 14, 3, 585–601
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/bm301980q
    Published February 8, 2013
    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

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