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Repeat-Proteins Films Exhibit Hierarchical Anisotropic Mechanical Properties

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Department of Chemistry (0212), Virginia Tech, 2107 Hahn Hall South, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2015, 16, 3, 706–714
Publication Date (Web):February 2, 2015
https://doi.org/10.1021/bm501578j
Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Complex hierarchical structures provide beneficial structure–property relationships that can be exploited for a variety of applications in engineering and biomedical fields. Here we report on molecular organization and resulting mechanical properties of self-assembled designed repeat-protein films. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction indicates the designed 18-repeat concensus tetratricopeptide repeat protein (CTPR18) orients normal to the casting surface, while small-angle measurements and electron microscopy show a through-plane transversely aligned laminar sheet-like morphology. Self-assembly is driven by the combination of CTPRs head-to-tail stacking and weak dipole–dipole interactions. We highlight the effect that this hierarchical structure has on the material’s mechanical properties. We use nanoindentation and dynamic mechanical analysis to test the mechanical properties over multiple length scales, from the molecular level to the bulk. We find that morphology predictably affects the film’s mechanics from the nano- to the macroscale, with the axial modulus values ranging from 2 to 5 GPa. The predictable nature of the structure–property relationship of CTPR proteins and their assemblies proves them a promising platform for material engineering.

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UV/vis transmittance of CTPR18 films, polarized light microscopy showing birefringence of CTPR18 films, and 1D SAXS data for three planes. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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This article is cited by 16 publications.

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  2. Kristina L. Roth, Xi Geng, and Tijana Z. Grove . Bioinorganic Interface: Mechanistic Studies of Protein-Directed Nanomaterial Synthesis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120 (20) , 10951-10960. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02569
  3. Sara H. Mejias, Elena López-Martínez, Maxence Fernandez, Pierre Couleaud, Ana Martin-Lasanta, David Romera, Ana Sanchez-Iglesias, Santiago Casado, Manuel R. Osorio, Jose M. Abad, M. Teresa González, Aitziber L. Cortajarena. Engineering conductive protein films through nanoscale self-assembly and gold nanoparticles doping. Nanoscale 2021, 13 (14) , 6772-6779. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NR00238D
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  7. Daniel Sanchez-deAlcazar, Sara H. Mejias, Kevin Erazo, Begoña Sot, Aitziber L. Cortajarena. Self-assembly of repeat proteins: Concepts and design of new interfaces. Journal of Structural Biology 2018, 201 (2) , 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2017.09.002
  8. Lei Wang, Guo-Bin Qi. Supramolecular Self-assembled Nanomaterials for Fluorescence Bioimaging. 2018,,, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6913-0_1
  9. Fabio Parmeggiani, Po-Ssu Huang. Designing repeat proteins: a modular approach to protein design. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2017, 45 , 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2017.02.001
  10. Sara H. Mejias, Pierre Couleaud, Santiago Casado, Daniel Granados, Miguel Angel Garcia, Jose M. Abad, Aitziber L. Cortajarena. Assembly of designed protein scaffolds into monolayers for nanoparticle patterning. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2016, 141 , 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.039
  11. Sara H. Mejias, Antonio Aires, Pierre Couleaud, Aitziber L. Cortajarena. Designed Repeat Proteins as Building Blocks for Nanofabrication. 2016,,, 61-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_4
  12. Nathan A. Carter, Xi Geng, Tijana Z. Grove. Design of Self-Assembling Protein-Polymer Conjugates. 2016,,, 179-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_9
  13. Xi Geng, Kristina L. Roth, Megan C. Freyman, Jianzhao Liu, Tijana Z. Grove. Seed-mediated biomineralizaton toward the high yield production of gold nanoprisms. Chemical Communications 2016, 52 (63) , 9829-9832. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC04708D
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  15. Pei-Pei Yang, Xiao-Xiao Zhao, An-Ping Xu, Lei Wang, Hao Wang. Reorganization of self-assembled supramolecular materials controlled by hydrogen bonding and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2016, 4 (15) , 2662-2668. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TB00097E
  16. Xi Geng, Weinan Leng, Nathan A. Carter, Peter J. Vikesland, Tijana Z. Grove. Protein-aided formation of triangular silver nanoprisms with enhanced SERS performance. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2016, 4 (23) , 4182-4190. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TB00844E

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