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Change in Heat Capacity for Enzyme Catalysis Determines Temperature Dependence of Enzyme Catalyzed Rates

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Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
Biomolecular Interaction Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
§ Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
*(V.L.A.) E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +64 7 838 4679.
Cite this: ACS Chem. Biol. 2013, 8, 11, 2388–2393
Publication Date (Web):September 9, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/cb4005029
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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The increase in enzymatic rates with temperature up to an optimum temperature (Topt) is widely attributed to classical Arrhenius behavior, with the decrease in enzymatic rates above Topt ascribed to protein denaturation and/or aggregation. This account persists despite many investigators noting that denaturation is insufficient to explain the decline in enzymatic rates above Topt. Here we show that it is the change in heat capacity associated with enzyme catalysis (ΔCp) and its effect on the temperature dependence of ΔG that determines the temperature dependence of enzyme activity. Through mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the Topt of an enzyme is correlated with ΔCp and that changes to ΔCp are sufficient to change Topt without affecting the catalytic rate. Furthermore, using X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations we reveal the molecular details underpinning these changes in ΔCp. The influence of ΔCp on enzymatic rates has implications for the temperature dependence of biological rates from enzymes to ecosystems.

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Data collection and refinement statistics for MalL enzymes; ΔCp values for microorganism growth rates; details of enzymes datasets included in Figure 3; key differences between the crystal structures of wildtype MalL, V200S, and G202P; ΔCp,obs values for the temperature dependence of microorganism growth rates.. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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