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    Random Microseeding: A Theoretical and Practical Exploration of Seed Stability and Seeding Techniques for Successful Protein Crystallization
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    † Douglas Instruments, Douglas House, East Garston, Hungerford, Berkshire, RG17 7HD, U.K.
    ‡ Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
    E-mail: [email protected]; tel.: +44(0)1488 649090; fax: +44(0)1488 648975.
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    Crystal Growth & Design

    Cite this: Cryst. Growth Des. 2011, 11, 8, 3432–3441
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/cg2001442
    Published May 25, 2011
    Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Microseed matrix-screening combined with random screens (rMMS) is a significant recent breakthrough in protein crystallization. In this study, a very reproducible assay for crystal seeds was set up that allowed the following recommendations to be made: (1) the suitability of a solution for suspending seed crystals can be predicted by incubating (uncrushed) crystals in it for one day and observing crystal stability. (2) For routine rMMS, seed crystals should be suspended in the crystallization cocktail that gave the original crystals. (3) Seed crystals can be suspended in PEG or NaCl solutions to reduce the prevalence of salt crystals. (4) Protein complexes can be seeded with seed crystals suspended in PEG. If necessary, seed crystals can also be suspended in the original crystallization cocktail with any individual ingredients that destabilize the complex removed. (5) “Preseeding” of the protein stock should not be used if rMMS is available, because it is less effective. (6) Seed crystals can be harvested from microfluidic devices. (7) Heterogeneous nucleants and cross-seeding are less effective than rMMS, but they can be used if seed crystals cannot be obtained. A theoretical case and practical suggestions are also put forward for producing crystals with different space groups.

    Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society

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    A discussion of rMMS and additive experiments, and of approaches to producing crystals with different space groups; additional data and further analysis of the stability of seed stocks in a variety of stabilizing solutions. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cite this: Cryst. Growth Des. 2011, 11, 8, 3432–3441
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/cg2001442
    Published May 25, 2011
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