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Enhanced Cyclability of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by a Polymer Acid-Doped Polypyrrole Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor

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Electrochemical Energy Laboratory & Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
*Tel: +1-512-471-1791. Fax: +1-512-471-7681. E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 15, 3081–3087
Publication Date (Web):July 23, 2012
https://doi.org/10.1021/cm301661y
Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    A mixed ionic–electronic conductor (MIEC) of polypyrrole (PPy) synthesized with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAAMPSA), which is water-dispersible and is in the form of nanoparticles intertwined by the PAAMPSA, is explored as an additive in sulfur cathodes for rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. A S-MIEC composite containing a sulfur content of 75 wt % was synthesized by an in situ deposition of sulfur with MIEC. The sulfur retains an orthorhombic phase randomly mixed with MIEC nanoparticles, exhibiting a lower thermal decomposition temperature than the pristine sulfur. Cathodes containing the S-MIEC composite were prepared and evaluated in half cells by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. The S-MIEC composite cathode shows excellent electrochemical stability as the MIEC facilitates ion and electron transfer and capture intermediate polysulfides within the electrodes. The MIEC in the composite electrodes forms a porous, 3D heterostructure providing good electrochemical contact upon cycling as indicated by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sulfur in the S-MIEC composite retains a capacity of >600 mA h g–1 at low rates and 500 mA h g–1 at 1C after 50 cycles.

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