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Strategic Design of Three-Dimensional (3D) Urchin-Like Pt–Ni Nanoalloys: How This Unique Nanostructure Boosts the Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Efficiency to 8.48%

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Department of Chemistry, Center of Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, §Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Electrooptical Engineering, and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
*E-mail: [email protected] (H.-C. Chen).
*E-mail: [email protected] (P.-T. Chou).
Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 24, 7029–7038
Publication Date (Web):November 29, 2014
https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5033628
Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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In this study, a simple and systematic shape-controlled synthetic protocol for tailoring nanoscale structures to generate large and monodispersed of three-dimensional (3D) urchin-like Pt–Ni multipods (MPs) and spherical nanoparticles (NPs) is reported, for which the mechanism of production is elaborated in detail. We then demonstrate, for the first time, that the 3D urchin-like Pt–Ni MPs possess good solution processability and substantially enhance both short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) and consequently increase the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), because of the combination of multiple scattering processes of incident light, improved conductivity, and facilitating the charge transport in the active layer. PSC fabricated using 5% Pt–Ni MPs embedded in a blend of poly{[4,8-bis(2-ethyl-hexyl-thiophene-5-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-alt-[2-(2′-ethyl-hexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b]thiophen-4,6-diyl]} (PBDTTT-C-T) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) leads to compelling device PCEs of 8.48%, in comparison to 7.38% of the reference device (PBDTTT-C-T:PC71BM, fabricated and tested under the same conditions). This study thus demonstrates a novel approach to enhance the photovoltaic performance, in combination with 3D urchin-like nanoalloys.

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Additional TEM images, FTIR spectra, UV-vis spectra, EDS spectra, evolution of energy diagrams of PBDTTT-C-T:PC71BM blend film, TEM image, EDS spectrum, PXRD scan and JV characteristics of Pt–Ni NPs (∼54 nm). JV characteristics of P3HT:PC61BM; Table S1, showing the photovoltaic performance of PBDTTT-C-T:PC71BM devices with different contents of Pt–Ni NPs (∼54 nm); Table S2, showing the photovoltaic performance of P3HT:PC61BM devices. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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Cited By


This article is cited by 13 publications.

  1. Guohong Ren, Yajun Liu, Weigang Wang, Mingqian Wang, Zhicheng Zhang, Ying Liang, Shishan Wu, Jian Shen. Facile Synthesis of Highly Active Three-Dimensional Urchin-like [email protected] Nanostructures for Improved Methanol and Ethanol Electrochemical Oxidation. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2018, 1 (7) , 3226-3235. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b00438
  2. Xiao Zhang, Mengmeng Zhen, Jinwu Bai, Shaowei Jin, and Lu Liu . Efficient NiSe-Ni3Se2/Graphene Electrocatalyst in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: The Role of Hollow Hybrid Nanostructure. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016, 8 (27) , 17187-17193. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b02350
  3. Pei-Jen Chang, Kum-Yi Cheng, Shang-Wei Chou, Jing-Jong Shyue, Ya-Yun Yang, Chang-Yu Hung, Ching-Yen Lin, Hui-Lung Chen, Hung-Lung Chou, and Pi-Tai Chou . Tri-iodide Reduction Activity of Shape- and Composition-Controlled PtFe Nanostructures as Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemistry of Materials 2016, 28 (7) , 2110-2119. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04962
  4. Heather M. Barkholtz, James R. Gallagher, Tao Li, Yuzi Liu, Randall E. Winans, Jeffrey T. Miller, Di-Jia Liu, and Tao Xu . Lithium Assisted “Dissolution–Alloying” Synthesis of Nanoalloys from Individual Bulk Metals. Chemistry of Materials 2016, 28 (7) , 2267-2277. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00216
  5. Luyao Lu, Tianyue Zheng, Qinghe Wu, Alexander M. Schneider, Donglin Zhao, and Luping Yu . Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Chemical Reviews 2015, 115 (23) , 12666-12731. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00098
  6. Jared Jaksik, H. Justin Moore, Tarek Trad, Okenwa I. Okoli, M. Jasim Uddin. Nanostructured functional materials for advanced three-dimensional (3D) solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2017, 167 , 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.03.033
  7. Qi Zhao, Qin Wang, Yiguo Su, Keke Huang, Guangran Xu, Yingjun Li, Jiayin Liu, Baocang Liu, Jun Zhang. Synergy of facet control and surface metalloid modification on hierarchical Pt–Ni nanoroses toward high electrocatalytic activity. CrystEngComm 2017, 19 (34) , 4964-4971. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CE02520J
  8. Yu-Qi Wu, Hsieh-Chih Chen, Yun-Siou Yang, Sheng Hsiung Chang, Pin-Jiun Wu, Yen-Yi Chu, Chun-Guey Wu. Comprehensive study of pyrido[3,4- b ]pyrazine-based D-π-a copolymer for efficient polymer solar cells. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2016, 54 (12) , 1822-1833. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.28044
  9. Shaoqing Zhang, Long Ye, Jianhui Hou. Breaking the 10% Efficiency Barrier in Organic Photovoltaics: Morphology and Device Optimization of Well-Known PBDTTT Polymers. Advanced Energy Materials 2016, 6 (11) , 1502529. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201502529
  10. Xiaoli Zhao, Jiamu Huang, Ye Wang, Chengjie Xiang, Deen Sun, Liang Wu, Xiaosheng Tang, Kuan Sun, Zhigang Zang, Lidong Sun. Interdigitated CuS/TiO2 Nanotube Bulk Heterojunctions Achieved via Ion Exchange. Electrochimica Acta 2016, 199 , 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.099
  11. Gengtao Fu, Huimin Liu, Nika You, Jiayan Wu, Dongmei Sun, Lin Xu, Yawen Tang, Yu Chen. Dendritic platinum–copper bimetallic nanoassemblies with tunable composition and structure: Arginine-driven self-assembly and enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Nano Research 2016, 9 (3) , 755-765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0954-0
  12. Pei Cheng, Xiaowei Zhan. Versatile third components for efficient and stable organic solar cells. Materials Horizons 2015, 2 (5) , 462-485. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5MH00090D
  13. Ying Guo, Yi-Tao Xu, Bo Zhao, Tao Wang, Kai Zhang, Matthew M. F. Yuen, Xian-Zhu Fu, Rong Sun, Ching-Ping Wong. Urchin-like [email protected]–Pd yolk–shell nanostructures: synthesis, characterization and electrocatalysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015, 3 (26) , 13653-13661. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA01891A

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