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Gas-Phase Organics in Environmental Tobacco Smoke. 1. Effects of Smoking Rate, Ventilation, and Furnishing Level on Emission Factors

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    Gas-Phase Organics in Environmental Tobacco Smoke. 1. Effects of Smoking Rate, Ventilation, and Furnishing Level on Emission Factors
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    E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
    University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 5, 846–853
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es011058w
    Published January 26, 2002
    Copyright © 2002 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    We measured the emissions of 26 gas-phase organic compounds in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) using a model room that simulates realistic conditions in residences and offices. Exposure-relevant emission factors (EREFs), which include the effects of sorption and re-emission over a 24-h period, were calculated by mass balance from measured compound concentrations and chamber ventilation rates in a 50-m3 room constructed and furnished with typical materials. Experiments were conducted at three smoking rates (5, 10, and 20 cigarettes day-1), three ventilation rates (0.3, 0.6, and 2 h-1), and three furnishing levels (wallboard with aluminum flooring, wallboard with carpet, and full furnishings). Smoking rate did not affect EREFs, suggesting that sorption was linearly related to gas-phase concentration. Furnishing level and ventilation rate in the model room had little effect on EREFs of several ETS compounds including 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, and styrene. However, sorptive losses at low ventilation with full furnishings reduced EREFs for the ETS tracers nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine by as much as 90 and 65% as compared to high ventilation, wallboard/aluminum experiments. Likewise, sorptive losses were 40−70% for phenol, cresols, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes. Sorption persisted for many compounds; for example, almost all of the sorbed nicotine and most of the sorbed cresol remained sorbed 3 days after smoking. EREFs can be used in models and with ETS tracer-based methods to refine and improve estimates of exposures to ETS constituents.

    Copyright © 2002 American Chemical Society

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     Corresponding author phone:  (510)486-4779; fax:  (510)486-7303; e-mail:  [email protected].

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 5, 846–853
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    Published January 26, 2002
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