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The Occurrence of Organochlorines in Marine Avian Top Predators along a Latitudinal Gradient
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    The Occurrence of Organochlorines in Marine Avian Top Predators along a Latitudinal Gradient
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    Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, The Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway, and Norwegian Institute for Water Research, P.O. Box 173 Kjelsås, N-0411 Oslo, Norway, and National Veterinary Institute and Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 16, 5139–5146
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es060628v
    Published July 19, 2006
    Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The aim of this study was to determine the role of cold condensation and fractionation on the occurrence of organochlorine contaminants (OCs) in avian marine top predators along a latitudinal gradient. We measured 24 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and six pesticide OCs in blood of great black-backed gulls (Larus marinus) from the Norwegian Coast (58°N−70°N) and glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic (74°N). Glaucous gulls had up to 3 times higher ΣOC concentrations compared to the great black-backed gulls, and a OC pattern dominated largely by persistent and low volatile compounds such as highly chlorinated PCBs and metabolites such as oxychlordane. This was not consistent with cold condensation and fractionation theory, but probably related to diet and elevated biomagnification. Among great black-backed gulls, however, there were indications of both cold condensation and fractionation. Higher and lower chlorinated PCBs had highest absolute concentrations in the south and in the north, respectively, except for one location at an intermediate latitude, where concentrations of most OCs exceeded all other locations. In terms of proportional contribution to ΣOC (pattern), relatively volatile OCs such as HCB, oxychlordane and tri- to penta- PCB congeners were more important at northern latitudes, while hexa- to nona-PCBs made up a larger proportion of ΣOC in the south. The results thus showed that differences in global distribution of compounds with different physicochemical properties could be detected in avian top predators such as large gulls, even if biomagnification and biotransformation influence both the absolute concentrations and the patterns of OCs.

    Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society

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     Norwegian Institute for Nature Research.

     Norwegian Institute for Water Research.

    §

     National Veterinary Institute and Norwegian School of Veterinary Science.

    *

     Corresponding author phone:  + 47 77 75 04 07; fax:  + 47 77 75 04 01; e-mail:  [email protected].

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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 16, 5139–5146
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/es060628v
    Published July 19, 2006
    Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society

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