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Comparative Life-Cycle Air Emissions of Coal, Domestic Natural Gas, LNG, and SNG for Electricity Generation
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    Comparative Life-Cycle Air Emissions of Coal, Domestic Natural Gas, LNG, and SNG for Electricity Generation
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    Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Tepper School of Business, and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 17, 6290–6296
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es063031o
    Published July 25, 2007
    Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) estimates that in the coming decades the United States' natural gas (NG) demand for electricity generation will increase. Estimates also suggest that NG supply will increasingly come from imported liquefied natural gas (LNG). Additional supplies of NG could come domestically from the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) via coal gasification−methanation. The objective of this study is to compare greenhouse gas (GHG), SOx, and NOx life-cycle emissions of electricity generated with NG/LNG/SNG and coal. This life-cycle comparison of air emissions from different fuels can help us better understand the advantages and disadvantages of using coal versus globally sourced NG for electricity generation. Our estimates suggest that with the current fleet of power plants, a mix of domestic NG, LNG, and SNG would have lower GHG emissions than coal. If advanced technologies with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) are used, however, coal and a mix of domestic NG, LNG, and SNG would have very similar life-cycle GHG emissions. For SOx and NOx we find there are significant emissions in the upstream stages of the NG/LNG life-cycles, which contribute to a larger range in SOx and NOx emissions for NG/LNG than for coal and SNG.

    Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

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     Corresponding author phone:  412-268-8769; fax:  412-268-7813; e-mail:  [email protected].

     Civil and Environmental Engineering Department.

     Tepper School of Business.

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     Department of Engineering and Public Policy.

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    Graphical representation of the fuel life-cycles, emissions calculation information, summary of emissions from fuel life-cycles, power plant efficiency information, emissions from advanced technologies, and references, This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 17, 6290–6296
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es063031o
    Published July 25, 2007
    Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

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