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    Intake Fraction for the Indoor Environment: A Tool for Prioritizing Indoor Chemical Sources
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    † Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California—Davis, Davis, California, United States
    ‡ School of Public Health, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
    *E-mail: [email protected]; phone: 949.648.1614; fax: 530.752.5300.
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 18, 10063–10072
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es3018286
    Published August 25, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Reliable exposure-based chemical characterization tools are needed to evaluate and prioritize in a rapid and efficient manner the more than tens of thousands of chemicals in current use. This study applies intake fraction (iF), the integrated incremental intake of a chemical per unit of emission, for a suite of indoor released compounds. A fugacity-based indoor mass-balance model was used to simulate the fate and transport of chemicals for three release scenarios: direct emissions to room air and surface applications to carpet and vinyl. Exposure through inhalation, dermal uptake, and nondietary ingestion was estimated. To compute iF, cumulative intake was summed from all exposure pathways for 20 years based on a scenario with two adults and a 1-year-old child who ages through the simulation. Overall iFs vary by application modes: air release (3.1 × 10–3 to 6.3 × 10–3), carpet application (3.8 × 10–5 to 6.2 × 10–3), and vinyl application (9.0 × 10–5 to 1.8 × 10–2). These iF values serve as initial estimates that offer important insights on variations among chemicals and the potential relative contribution of each pathway over a suite of compounds. The approach from this study is intended for exposure-based prioritization of chemicals released inside homes.

    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society

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    Additional text, eight tables, and four figures with input parameters, fugacity capacities, exposure concentration equations, and mass balance equations of an indoor fugacity model; contribution of each removal pathway to total removal amount; and results of this sensitivity analysis for surface applications. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 18, 10063–10072
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/es3018286
    Published August 25, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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