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Southwest Intrusion of 134Cs and 137Cs Derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in the Western North Pacific

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† Research Center for Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecosystem, National Research Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-12-4, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
‡ Headquarters Research Management Department, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-3-3, Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-6115, Japan
§ Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 1551-8, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
∥ Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 6-31-1, Nagai, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-0316, Japan
⊥ Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-2-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan
*Phone: +81-45-788-7654; fax: +81-45-788-5001; e-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 6, 3120–3127
Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2014
https://doi.org/10.1021/es403686v
Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Enormous quantities of radionuclides were released into the ocean via both atmospheric deposition and direct release as a result of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. This study discusses the southward dispersion of FNPP-derived radioactive cesium (Cs) in subsurface waters. The southernmost point where we found the FNPP-derived 134Cs (1.5–6.8 Bq m–3) was 18°N, 135°E, in September 2012. The potential density at the subsurface peaks of 134Cs (100–500 m) and the increased water column inventories of 137Cs between 0 and 500 m after the winter of 2011–2012 suggested that the main water mass containing FNPP-derived radioactive Cs was the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW), formed as a result of winter convection. We estimated the amount of 134Cs in core waters of the western part of the NPSTMW to be 0.99 PBq (decay-corrected on 11 March 2011). This accounts for 9.0% of the 134Cs released from the FNPP, with our estimation revealing that a considerable amount of FNPP-derived radioactive Cs has been transported to the subtropical region by the formation and circulation of the mode water.

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Additional table, figures, and descriptions of the 137Cs yield of the AMP procedure, the estimation of the timing of surface water ventilation using Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU), and the calculation of the amount of 134Cs in the core of the western part of the NPSTMW can be found in the Supporting Information. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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