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Airborne Plutonium and Non-Natural Uranium from the Fukushima DNPP Found at 120 km Distance a Few Days after Reactor Hydrogen Explosions

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† Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
‡ Fakultät für Physik, Isotopenforschung und Kernphysik, Universität Wien, Währinger Straße 17, A-1100 Wien, Austria
§ Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
∥ Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Radiation Protection, Nuclear Science Research Institute, Tokai Research and Development Center, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
*Phone: +49 89 3187 2239; fax: +49 89 3187 3323; e-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 7, 3808–3814
Publication Date (Web):March 13, 2014
https://doi.org/10.1021/es404961w
Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Plutonium (Pu) and non-natural uranium (U) originating from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) were identified in the atmosphere at 120 km distance from the FDNPP analyzing the ratio of number of atoms, following written as n(isotope)/n(isotope), of Pu and U. The n(240Pu)/n(239Pu), n(241Pu)/n(239Pu), n(234U)/n(238U), n(235U)/n(238U) and n(236U)/n(238U) in aerosol samples collected before and after the FDNPP incident were analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 134Cs in the same samples were also analyzed by gamma spectrometry before the destructive analysis. Comparing the time series of analytical data on Pu and U obtained in this study with previously reported data on Pu, U, and radioactive Cs, we concluded that Pu and non-natural U from the FDNPP were transported in the atmosphere directly over a 120 km distance by aerosol and wind within a few days after the reactor hydrogen explosions. Effective dose of Pu were calculated using the data of Pu: (130 ± 21) nBq/m3, obtained in this study. We found that the airborne Pu contributes only negligibly to the total dose at the time of the incident. However the analytical results show that the amount of Pu and non-natural U certainly increased in the environment after the incident.

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