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    Uptake and Retention of Microplastics by the Shore Crab Carcinus maenas
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    † Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
    ‡ Department of Physics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
    § Department of Earth Systems Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, United Kingdom
    *Phone: +44 (0)1392724677; fax: +44 (0) 1392 263700; e-mail: [email protected]
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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 15, 8823–8830
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es501090e
    Published June 27, 2014
    Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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    Microplastics, plastics particles <5 mm in length, are a widespread pollutant of the marine environment. Oral ingestion of microplastics has been reported for a wide range of marine biota, but uptake into the body by other routes has received less attention. Here, we test the hypothesis that the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) can take up microplastics through inspiration across the gills as well as ingestion of pre-exposed food (common mussel Mytilus edulis). We used fluorescently labeled polystyrene microspheres (8–10 μm) to show that ingested microspheres were retained within the body tissues of the crabs for up to 14 days following ingestion and up to 21 days following inspiration across the gill, with uptake significantly higher into the posterior versus anterior gills. Multiphoton imaging suggested that most microspheres were retained in the foregut after dietary exposure due to adherence to the hairlike setae and were found on the external surface of gills following aqueous exposure. Results were used to construct a simple conceptual model of particle flow for the gills and the gut. These results identify ventilation as a route of uptake of microplastics into a common marine nonfilter feeding species.

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    Diagram of water movement through the gill chamber, number of microspheres in the crab foregut over first 24 h, 3D reconstruction of the gills showing no penetration into the tissue, 3D reconstruction of the foregut lining showing association with the internal setae, details of the model of microplastic retention, a table of model parameters, and calibration of the foregut and gill models. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org/

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 15, 8823–8830
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