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Effective Density and Morphology of Particles Emitted from Small-Scale Combustion of Various Wood Fuels

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    Effective Density and Morphology of Particles Emitted from Small-Scale Combustion of Various Wood Fuels
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    † University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
    ‡ Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
    § Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
    ∥ University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
    ⊥ VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
    # HICE, Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, Berlin 10178, Germany, www.hice-vi.eu
    *Phone: +358 40 355 2038; fax: +358 17 163 098; e-mail: [email protected]
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 22, 13298–13306
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es502214a
    Published November 3, 2014
    Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The effective density of fine particles emitted from small-scale wood combustion of various fuels were determined with a system consisting of an aerosol particle mass analyzer and a scanning mobility particle sizer (APM-SMPS). A novel sampling chamber was combined to the system to enable measurements of highly fluctuating combustion processes. In addition, mass-mobility exponents (relates mass and mobility size) were determined from the density data to describe the shape of the particles. Particle size, type of fuel, combustion phase, and combustion conditions were found to have an effect on the effective density and the particle shape. For example, steady combustion phase produced agglomerates with effective density of roughly 1 g cm–3 for small particles, decreasing to 0.25 g cm–3 for 400 nm particles. The effective density was higher for particles emitted from glowing embers phase (ca. 1–2 g cm–3), and a clear size dependency was not observed as the particles were nearly spherical in shape. This study shows that a single value cannot be used for the effective density of particles emitted from wood combustion.

    Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    Supporting Information includes; details about the operation of SP-AMS (S3), a schematic figure of the measurement setup (S4), number size distributions from the measurement chamber (S5), a micrographs of the particles emitted from ignition of second batch (S6), an example of the data reduction process (S7), a table providing emission parameters and particle properties (S8) and chemical composition of the fuels (S9). This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 22, 13298–13306
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/es502214a
    Published November 3, 2014
    Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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